Metabolic Syndrome Pathophysiology and Predisposing Factors

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
António Bovolini ◽  
Juliana Garcia ◽  
Maria Amparo Andrade ◽  
José Alberto Duarte
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Atherogenic Dyslipidemia ◽  
Diet Patterns ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Inflammatory State ◽  
Unhealthy Diet ◽  
Diagnosis Criteria

AbstractMetabolic syndrome (MetS) is a cluster of cardiometabolic risk factors with high prevalence among adult populations and elevated costs for public health systems worldwide. Despite the lack of consensus regarding the syndrome definition and diagnosis criteria, it is characterized by the coexistence of risk factors such as abdominal obesity, atherogenic dyslipidemia, elevated blood pressure, a prothrombotic and pro-inflammatory state, insulin resistance (IR), and higher glucose levels, factors indubitably linked to an increased risk of developing chronic conditions, such as type 2 diabetes (T2D) and cardiovascular disease (CVD). The syndrome has a complex and multifaceted origin not fully understood; however, it has been strongly suggested that sedentarism and unbalanced dietary patterns might play a fundamental role in its development. The purpose of this review is to provide an overview from the syndrome epidemiology, costs, and main etiological traits from its relationship with unhealthy diet patterns and sedentary lifestyles.

FEATURES OF THE COURSE OF OSTEARTHROSIS IN PATIENTS WITH METABOLIC SYNDROME

Vestnik ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 56-60
Author(s):  
А.Е. Калидинова ◽  
А.А. Бекбатыр ◽  
А.Ф. Жаксылыккызы ◽  
Н.М. Сафарова ◽  
С.Ф. Хасанова ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Fasting Glucose ◽  
Systemic Hypertension ◽  
Atherogenic Dyslipidemia ◽  
Osteoarthritis Of The Knee ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Pathophysiological Role ◽  
The Status

В настоящее время появляется новая тенденция рассматривать фенотипы остеоартроза на основе их факторов риска и, следовательно, предлагать потенциал для терапии. Растет распространенность остеоартроза с другими сопутствующими заболеваниями, такими как системная артериальная гипертензия, сердечно-сосудистые заболевания, диабет и дислипидемия. Большинство остеоартрозов, связаны с метаболическим синдромом, несмотря на избыточный вес пациентов. Возникновение остеоартроза в суставах не несет нагрузки и предполагает, что статус хронического воспаления, существующий у пациентов с метаболическим синдромом, может изменять метаболизм хряща, независимо от избыточного веса. Хорошо известно, что метаболическим синдромом связан с остеоартрозом коленного сустава в отношении механической нагрузки, а также с избыточной выработкой провоспалительных цитокинов, которые могут играть важную патофизиологическую роль при остеоартрозе. Метаболический синдром (МетС) влечет за собой ряд состояний, включая ожирение, атерогенную дислипидемию, нарушение глюкозы натощак и гипертензию. Тем не менее, у пациентов с метаболическим синдромом отмечается значительно повышенный риск сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний и смертности. Эта статья указывает на то, что факторы, ответственные за метаболический синдром, явно играют роль в дегенерации хряща и его дальнейшей деградации. Currently, there is a new trend to consider the phenotypes of osteoarthritis on the basis of their risk factors, therefore, to suggest opportunities for therapy. The prevalence of osteoarthritis is increasing with other diseases such as systemic hypertension, cardiovascular disease, diabetes and dyslipidemia. Most osteoarthritis is associated with metabolic syndrome despite being overweight. The occurrence of osteoarthritis in the joints is not burdensome and suggests that the status of chronic inflammation existing in patients with cartilage metabolism, regardless of overweight. It is known that metabolic syndrome is associated with osteoarthritis of the knee joint in relation to mechanical stress, as well as with excessive production of proinflammatory cytokines, which may play a pathophysiological role in osteoarthritis. Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is associated with a number of conditions, including obesity, atherogenic dyslipidemia, impaired fasting glucose, and hypertension. However, patients with metabolic syndrome have an increased risk of cardiovascular disease and mortality. This article indicates that the factors responsible for metabolic syndrome clearly play a role in the degeneration of cartilage and its further degradation.

scholarly journals Potential of Beetroot and Blackcurrant Compounds to Improve Metabolic Syndrome Risk Factors

Metabolites ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 338
Author(s):  
Cameron Haswell ◽  
Ajmol Ali ◽  
Rachel Page ◽  
Roger Hurst ◽  
Kay Rutherfurd-Markwick
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Metabolic Abnormalities ◽  
Dietary Nitrate ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
High Concentrations

Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a group of metabolic abnormalities, which together lead to increased risk of coronary heart disease (CHD) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), as well as reduced quality of life. Dietary nitrate, betalains and anthocyanins may improve risk factors for MetS and reduce the risk of development of CHD and T2DM. Beetroot is a rich source of dietary nitrate, and anthocyanins are present in high concentrations in blackcurrants. This narrative review considers the efficacy of beetroot and blackcurrant compounds as potential agents to improve MetS risk factors, which could lead to decreased risk of CHD and T2DM. Further research is needed to establish the mechanisms through which these outcomes may occur, and chronic supplementation studies in humans may corroborate promising findings from animal models and acute human trials.

scholarly journals Metabolic syndrome and insulin resistance in pre-pubertal children with psoriasis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesca Caroppo ◽  
Alfonso Galderisi ◽  
Laura Ventura ◽  
Anna Belloni Fortina
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Disease ◽  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Limited Data ◽  
Single Center ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Homeostatic Model Assessment ◽  
Homeostatic Model

AbstractPsoriasis in adults is associated with an increased risk of metabolic disease. Various cardiometabolic comorbidities have been reported in childhood psoriasis, but only a few studies have analyzed the prevalence of metabolic syndrome. We performed a single-center prospective study investigating the prevalence of metabolic syndrome and insulin resistance in children with psoriasis. The prevalence of metabolic syndrome was evaluated in 60 pre-pubertal children with psoriasis (age: 3–10 years), accordingly to recently established criteria for the diagnosis of metabolic syndrome in children. Insulin resistance was considered altered when the homeostatic model assessment (HOMA-IR) for insulin resistance was ≥ 90th sex- and age-specific percentile and HOMA 2-IR was > 1.8. Eighteen (30%) children with psoriasis were found to have metabolic syndrome. Sixteen (27%) children were found to have insulin resistance.Conclusion: Our data underline the importance of assessing metabolic syndrome not only in adults and adolescents but also in young children with psoriasis. What is Known:• Psoriasis in adults is strongly associated with metabolic disease and insulin resistance.• Very limited data are available on the prevalence of metabolic syndrome and insulin resistance in pre-pubertal children with psoriasis. What is New:• This study reports that in pre-pubertal children with psoriasis, there is a high prevalence of metabolic syndrome and insulin resistance.• In children with psoriasis metabolic syndrome risk factors should be assessed.

Prevalence of comorbidities and evaluation of their screening in spondyloarthritis: results of the international cross-sectional ASAS-COMOSPA study

2015 ◽  
Vol 75 (6) ◽  
pp. 1016-1023 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Moltó ◽  
Adrien Etcheto ◽  
Désirée van der Heijde ◽  
Robert Landewé ◽  
Filip van den Bosch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Gastroduodenal Ulcer ◽  
International Study ◽  
Daily Practice ◽  
Systematic Evaluation ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Unknown Risk ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Cholesterol Measurement

BackgroundIncreased risk of some comorbidities has been reported in spondyloarthritis (SpA). Recommendations for detection/management of some of these comorbidities have been proposed, and it is known that a gap exists between these and their implementation in practice.ObjectiveTo evaluate (1) the prevalence of comorbidities and risk factors in different countries worldwide, (2) the gap between available recommendations and daily practice for management of these comorbidities and (3) the prevalence of previously unknown risk factors detected as a result of the present initiative.MethodsCross-sectional international study with 22 participating countries (from four continents), including 3984 patients with SpA according to the rheumatologist.Statistical analysisThe prevalence of comorbidities (cardiovascular, infection, cancer, osteoporosis and gastrointestinal) and risk factors; percentage of patients optimally monitored for comorbidities according to available recommendations and percentage of patients for whom a risk factor was detected due to this study.ResultsThe most frequent comorbidities were osteoporosis (13%) and gastroduodenal ulcer (11%). The most frequent risk factors were hypertension (34%), smoking (29%) and hypercholesterolaemia (27%). Substantial intercountry variability was observed for screening of comorbidities (eg, for LDL cholesterol measurement: from 8% (Taiwan) to 98% (Germany)). Systematic evaluation (eg, blood pressure (BP), cholesterol) during this study unveiled previously unknown risk factors (eg, elevated BP (14%)), emphasising the suboptimal monitoring of comorbidities.ConclusionsA high prevalence of comorbidities in SpA has been shown. Rigorous application of systematic evaluation of comorbidities may permit earlier detection, which may ultimately result in an improved outcome of patients with SpA.

Macrovascular disease in a Japanese–Brazilian population of high prevalence of metabolic syndrome: Associations with classical and non-classical risk factors

2007 ◽  
Vol 195 (1) ◽  
pp. 160-166 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonela F.A. Siqueira ◽  
Laercio J. Franco ◽  
Suely G.A. Gimeno ◽  
Luiza K. Matsumura ◽  
Dulcinéia S.P. Abdalla ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Macrovascular Disease ◽  
Brazilian Population ◽  
High Prevalence

scholarly journals Metabolic syndrome in adults: relation with diet and other lifestyle factors

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 99-124
Author(s):  
Ishu Kataria ◽  
Ravinder Chadha ◽  
Renuka Pathak
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Sedentary Lifestyle ◽  
Saturated Fat ◽  
Health Interventions ◽  
Public Health Interventions ◽  
Lifestyle Risk Factors ◽  
Unhealthy Diet ◽  
Lifestyle Risk ◽  
Diet And Lifestyle

Metabolic syndrome is a constellation of risk factors that has the potential of developing into cardiovascular disease or increase the susceptibility to it. It is present worldwide with now even developing countries getting overwhelmed by its burden. With a shift towards unhealthy diet coupled with sedentary lifestyle, development of metabolic syndrome is on the rise even among young adults. One of the main causes of this problem is faulty diet, so any means to reduce the incidence of the syndrome involves the modification of the existing diets rich in saturated fat, sodium and cholesterol. This review focusses on efficacy of different dietary patterns for combating the syndrome along with other lifestyle risk factors. It also highlights newer advancements in the field of Metabolic Syndrome, which can serve as potential strategies to combat it. Public health interventions targeting adults, therefore, should center on prevention through education, modification of diet and lifestyle, and focusing on environment, so that these changes are acceptable and sustainable.

Retrospective Study of Biochemical Markers and Risk Factors in Obese and Non-Obese Adolescence

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 75-81
Author(s):  
D. Jayarajan ◽  
V. Abirami
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Diet Patterns ◽  
Global Issue ◽  
Lifestyle Choices ◽  
Unhealthy Diet ◽  
Visceral Adipose

Obesity is a chronic disease defined by an excessive accumulation of body fat that represents health risks, being considered now a days the major public health problem worldwide. Obesity is characterized as a low-grade inflammatory disease due to the variety of pro-inflammatory adipokines secreted by adipose tissue, especially visceral adipose tissue. This inflammation is characterized by macrophage infiltration and expression of inflammatory adipokines, which are related to insulin resistance, blood pressure, and vascular endothelium alterations. These alterations are closely related to development and progression of diabetes and cardiovascular disease, including paediatric patients. Obesity considered now as  one among  the major global issue affecting young adults. Rapid changes in sedentary lifestyle choices were the risk factors for obesity including unhealthy diet patterns, expending time in front of TV  and lacking physical activity etc. The present study aimed for correlating the risk factors of obesity with healthy groups among the adolescent population. And the result were recorded with significant level of elevation in most of the parameters  in cases than control and the significance was represented as student’s test. (p<0.001).

scholarly journals Weight Loss Improves Cardio-Metabolic and Inflammatory State in Subjects with Metabolic Syndrome.

2020 ◽  
Vol 79 (OCE2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Matteo Della Porta ◽  
Gabriele Piuri ◽  
Micaela Garziano ◽  
Michela Barichella ◽  
Fulvio Muzio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Weight Reduction ◽  
Inflammation Markers ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Cytokine Levels ◽  
Inflammatory State ◽  
Associated Risk Factors

AbstractMetabolic syndrome (MetS) is a condition characterized by a constellation of reversible major risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD) and type 2 diabetes (T2DM). While it has been widely demonstrated that weight reduction by 5–10% decreases CVD and T2DM risk factors, including atherogenic dyslipidemia, on the other hand, its effects on comprehensive serum cytokine profile and endotoxemia are less investigated. Furthermore, the impact of weight loss on these parameters was studied especially in subjects with morbid obesity, often after bariatric surgery; while the studies on the effects of a physiological weight reduction with a balanced hypocaloric diet in overweight and moderately obese subjects showed contradictory results.The aim of this pilot study was to investigate in overweight and obese men with MetS the effects of caloric restriction on the MetS-associated risk factors, chemical composition of lipoproteins and serum concentration of a wide spectrum of inflammation markers. In addition, the second purpose of this work was to study the possible correlation between lipoprotein chemical composition and these inflammation markers.Eighteen adult Caucasian males (25 kg/m2 < BMI < 35 kg/m2) with MetS losing at least 5% of their initial weight after six months of a Mediterranean-style balanced hypo-caloric diet were included in the study. Lipoproteins were isolated from plasma by ultracentrifugation in a discontinuous KBr gradient. Lipoprotein concentrations of proteins, cholesterol, phospholipids, and triacylglycerols were determined by colorimetric assays. Peripheral cytokine levels (IL-2, IL-6, IL-7, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12, IL-17, GM-CSF, MCP-1, MIP-1b, IL1-b, IL-4, IL-5, IL-13, G-CSF, INF-g, TNF-a) were determined by Bioplex multiplex immunoassay. Endotoxemia was measured by Limulus Amebocyte lysate assay. The effects of weight-loss were analysed by Wilcoxon's test, the correlations between covariates by Spearman's test (significance: p-value ≤ 0.05).After weight loss, we observed an improvement of MetS-associated risk factors and changes in lipoproteins composition. In particular, together with a reduction of triglyceridemia, we detected a massive transfer of triacylglycerols from HDLs toward LDLs. Furthermore, a significant decrease of IL-6 (0.9 ± 0.7 vs 0.5 ± 0.6), TNF-α (0.7 ± 0.3 vs 0.3 ± 0.18), IL-8 (1.6 ± 0.7 vs 1.3 ± 0.3) and MIP-1β (19.2 ± 1.5 vs 18.5 ± 1.5) was observed. Finally, peripheral levels of TNF-α and IL-8 were directly correlated with all lipid species of VLDL, whereas the concentration of MIP-1β and endotoxin with HDL lipids.Weight loss improved cardio-metabolic risk factors and decreased inflammatory state by reduction of cytokine levels. The relationships between lipoprotein composition and serum inflammation markers deserve to be deepened by studying broader populations.

scholarly journals A Dietary Intervention of Bioactive Enriched Foods Aimed at Adults at Risk of Metabolic Syndrome: Protocol and Results from PATHWAY-27 Pilot Study

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 1814 ◽  
Author(s):  
Achim Bub ◽  
Corinne Malpuech-Brugère ◽  
Caroline Orfila ◽  
Julien Amat ◽  
Alice Arianna ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Pilot Study ◽  
Dietary Intervention ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Serum Triglyceride ◽  
Beta Glucan ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Pilot Studies ◽  
Increased Risk

Around a quarter of the global adult population have metabolic syndrome (MetS) and therefore increased risk of cardiovascular mortality and diabetes. Docosahexaenoic acid, oat beta-glucan and grape anthocyanins have been shown to be effective in reducing MetS risk factors when administered as isolated compounds, but their effect when administered as bioactive-enriched foods has not been evaluated. Objective: The overall aim of the PATHWAY-27 project was to evaluate the effectiveness of bioactive-enriched food consumption on improving risk factors of MetS. A pilot study was conducted to assess which of five bioactive combinations provided within three different food matrices (bakery, dairy or egg) were the most effective in adult volunteers. The trial also evaluated the feasibility of production, consumer acceptability and gastrointestinal tolerance of the bioactive-enriched food. Method: The study included three monocentric, parallel-arm, double-blind, randomised, dietary intervention trials without a placebo. Each recruiting centre tested the five bioactive combinations within a single food matrix. Results: The study was completed by 167 participants (74 male, 93 female). The results indicated that specific bioactive/matrix combinations have effects on serum triglyceride or HDL-cholesterol level without adverse effects. Conclusion: The study evidenced that bioactive-enriched food offers a promising food-based strategy for MetS prevention, and highlighted the importance of conducting pilot studies.

scholarly journals 754. Prevalence of Latent Tuberculosis Infection Among Healthcare Workers at a Tertiary Care University Hospital

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (suppl_1) ◽  
pp. S271-S271
Author(s):  
Eun Ju Choo ◽  
Se Yoon Park
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Latent Tuberculosis Infection ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Latent Tuberculosis ◽  
Tuberculosis Infection ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Univariate Analyses

Abstract Background We investigated the prevalence of latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) among healthcare workers (HCWs) and analyzed its risk factors in a tertiary care university hospital in South Korea in a population with intermediate tuberculosis (TB) burden. Methods A standard questionnaire regarding the baseline demographics and risk factors for LTBI was given to each participant. QuantiFERON-TB GOLD In-Tube (QFT-GIT) assay and chest radiography were performed to investigate the rate of LTBI. Results A total of 1,429 participants, 213 (14.9%) doctors and 988 (69.1%) nurses and 228 (16.0%) others were enrolled. The mean age of the subjects was 33.0 years old, and 1,175 (82.2%) were female. Of the participants, 94.5% had received BCG vaccine. QFT-GIT assays were positive for 156 subjects (10.9%). Of the 213 doctors, 28 (13.1%) were positive by QFT-GIT, and among the 988 nurses, 94 (9.5%) had positive QFT-GIT results. Experience of working in hospital was significantly associated with positive LTBI test results by QFT-GIT assay. Gender and duration of employment as an HCW were significantly associated with having a positive QFT-GIT result in univariate analyses. In multivariate analyses, duration of employment as an HCW (&gt;15 years) (odds ratio, 1.98; 95% confidence interval, 1.14–3.43) was independently associated with increased risk of a positive QFT-GIT result. Conclusion A high prevalence of LTBI was found among our HCWs. Considering the association between the experience of working in hospital and high risk of LTBI. The risk for tuberculosis infection among HCWs was higher than general population, which suggests that stricter preventive strategies against nosocomial tuberculosis infection should be implemented. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.

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