Functional and Mechanistic Studies of Two Anti-coccidial Herbs, Bidens pilosa and Artemisia indica

Planta Medica ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meng-Ting Yang ◽  
Yi-Xian Lin ◽  
Greta Yang ◽  
Tien-Fen Kuo ◽  
Yu-Chen Liang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight Loss ◽  
Mechanistic Studies ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Oocyst Excretion ◽  
Bidens Pilosa ◽  
Reduced Body ◽  
Mdbk Cells ◽  
Bloody Stools ◽  
Antibiotic Residue ◽  
Meat And Eggs

AbstractCurrently, antibiotics are commonly used to treat coccidiosis, a severe protozoal disease in chickens. However, due to growing concerns about the antibiotic residue in meat and eggs, phytogenic formulations are becoming an attractive approach to manage this disease. In this study, we investigated the anti-coccidial function and mechanism of phytogenic formulations composed of Bidens pilosa, Artemisia indica, and both used in combination. We found that these formulations increased the survival rate and reduced body weight loss, the feed conversion ratio, oocyst excretion, bloody stools, and gut lesions of chickens. Mechanistic studies showed that A. indica, but not B. pilosa, reduced the survival of Eimeria oocysts. Accordingly, they both inhibited oocyst sporulation and sporozoite invasion into Madin-Darby bovine kidney (MDBK) cells. Overall, we demonstrate that these formulations protect chickens against coccidiosis. Moreover, a combination of B. pilosa and A. indica has an additive effect on coccidiosis control and growth performance in chickens compared to either one used alone.

scholarly journals Microencapsulated Bifidobacterium bifidum and Lactobacillus gasseri in Combination with Quercetin Inhibit Colorectal Cancer Development in ApcMin/+ Mice

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (9) ◽  
pp. 4906
Author(s):  
Iván Benito ◽  
Ignacio J. Encío ◽  
Fermín I. Milagro ◽  
María Alfaro ◽  
Ana Martínez-Peñuela ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Body Weight Loss ◽  
Dietary Supplementation ◽  
Bifidobacterium Bifidum ◽  
Aberrant Crypt Foci ◽  
Intestinal Bleeding ◽  
Standard Diet ◽  
Colon Tissue ◽  
Lactobacillus Gasseri ◽  
Reduced Body

Recent studies have suggested that flavonoids such as quercetin and probiotics such as Bifidobacterium bifidum (Bf) and Lactobacillus gasseri (Lg) could play a relevant role in inhibiting colon cancer cell growth. Our study investigated the role of dietary supplementation with microencapsulated probiotics (Bf and Lg) along with quercetin in the development of mouse colorectal cancer (CRC). Methods: Adenomatous polyposis coli/multiple intestinal neoplasia (ApcMin/+) mice were fed a standard diet or the same diet supplemented with microencapsulated probiotics (Bf and Lg strains, 107 CFU/100 g food) or both probiotics strains plus microencapsulated quercetin (15 mg/100 g food) for 73 days. Changes in body and organ weights, energy metabolism, intestinal microbiota, and colon tissue were determined. The expression of genes related to the Wnt pathway was also analyzed in colon samples. Results: Dietary supplementation with microencapsulated probiotics or microencapsulated probiotics plus quercetin reduced body weight loss and intestinal bleeding in ApcMin/+ mice. An improvement in energy expenditure was observed after 8 weeks but not after 10 weeks of treatment. A supplemented diet with microencapsulated Bf and Lg reduced the number of aberrant crypt foci (ACF) and adenomas by 45% and 60%, respectively, whereas the supplementation with Bf, Lg and quercetin decreased the number of ACF and adenomas by 57% and 80%, respectively. Microencapsulated Bf and Lg in combination with quercetin could exert inhibition of the canonical Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway in the colon of ApcMin/+ mice Conclusions: The administration of microencapsulated Bf and Lg, individually or in combination with quercetin, inhibits the CRC development in ApcMin/+ mice.

scholarly journals Effect of Heat Stress on Body Weight Gain, Heterophile-Lymphocite Ratio and Body Temperature in Broiler

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sugito S ◽  
Mira Delima
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Heat Stress ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Body Temperature ◽  
Broiler Chicken ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Conversion Ratio ◽  
Feed Conversion Ratio ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Reduced Body

Increasing in ambient temperature inside the cage could lead to heat stress in broilers. This research was conducted to find out effects of heat stress on body weight gain, heterophile-lymphocite ratio and body temperature in chicken broiler. Twenty broilers aged 20 days (strain Cobb) were randomly divided into 2 groups. The first group was treated with no heat stress, the second one was caged in 33±1 0C temperature for 4 hours per day for 14 days. The results indicated that heat stress reduced body weight gain, increased body temperature, and changed behavior, but no effect on feed conversion ratio (FCR) and heterophile-lymphocyte ratio. It suggested that the heat stress caused detrimental effects on broiler chicken.

scholarly journals Effect of prophylactic use of intra-nasal oil formulations in the hamster model of Covid-19

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zaigham Abbas Rizvi ◽  
Manas Ranjan Tripathy ◽  
Nishant Sharma ◽  
Sandeep Goswami ◽  
N Srikanth ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Viral Load ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Viral Entry ◽  
Body Weight Loss ◽  
Lung Pathology ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Hamster Model ◽  
Reduced Body ◽  
Upper Respiratory ◽  
Prophylactic Use

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV2) infection initiates with viral entry in upper respiratory tract leading to coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19). Severe Covid-19 is characterized by pulmonary pathologies associated with respiratory failure. Thus, therapeutics aimed at inhibiting entry of the virus or its internalization in the upper respiratory tract, are of interest. Herein, we report the prophylactic application of two intra-nasal formulations provided by the National Medicinal Plant Board (NMPB), Anu oil and Til tailya in SARS-CoV2 infection hamster model. Prophylactic nasal instillation of these oil formulations exhibited reduced viral load in lungs, and resulted in reduced body weight loss and pneumonitis. In line with reduced viral load, histopathlogical analysis revealed a reduction in lung pathology in Anu oil group as compared to the control infected group. However, Til tailya group did not show a significant reduction in lung pathology. Furthermore, molecular analysis using mRNA expression profiling indicated reduced expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines genes, including Th1 and Th17 cytokines for both the intra-nasal formulations as a result of decreased viral load. Together, the prophylactic intra-nasal application of Annu oil seems to be useful in limiting both the viral load and disease severity disease in SARS-CoV2 infection in hamster model.

scholarly journals Chronic administration of P2X7 receptor antagonist JNJ-47965567 delays disease onset and progression, and improves motor performance in ALS SOD1G93A female mice

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. dmm045732
Author(s):  
Cristina Ruiz-Ruiz ◽  
Nuria García-Magro ◽  
Pilar Negredo ◽  
Carlos Avendaño ◽  
Anindya Bhattacharya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
P2x7 Receptor ◽  
Motor Coordination ◽  
Disease Onset ◽  
Body Weight Loss ◽  
Chronic Administration ◽  
Study Endpoint ◽  
Reduced Body ◽  
Motor Neuron Survival ◽  
Lateral Sclerosis

ABSTRACTNeuroinflammation is one of the main physiopathological mechanisms of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), produced by the chronic activation of microglia in the CNS. This process is triggered by the persistent activation of the ATP-gated P2X7 receptor (P2RX7, hereafter referred to as P2X7R). The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of the chronic treatment with the P2X7R antagonist JNJ-47965567 in the development and progression of ALS in the SOD1G93A murine model. SOD1G93A mice were intraperitoneally (i.p.) injected with either 30 mg/kg of JNJ-47965567 or vehicle 4 times per week, from pre-onset age (here, postnatal day 60; P60) until study endpoint. Body weight, motor coordination, phenotypic score, disease onset and survival were measured throughout the study, and compared between vehicle- and drug-injected groups. Treatment with the P2X7R antagonist JNJ-47965567 delayed disease onset, reduced body weight loss and improved motor coordination and phenotypic score in female SOD1G93A mice, although it did not increase lifespan. Interestingly, neither beneficial nor detrimental effects were observed in males in any of the analyzed parameters. Treatment did not affect motor neuron survival or ChAT, Iba-1 and P2X7R protein expression in endpoint individuals of mixed sexes. Overall, chronic administration of JNJ-47965567 for 4 times per week to SOD1G93A mice from pre-onset stage altered disease progression in female individuals while it did not have any effect in males. Our results suggest a partial, yet important, effect of P2X7R in the development and progression of ALS.

scholarly journals CCL3 and Viral Chemokine-Binding Protein gG Modulate Pulmonary Inflammation and Virus Replication during Equine Herpesvirus 1 Infection

2007 ◽  
Vol 82 (4) ◽  
pp. 1714-1722 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerlinde R. Van de Walle ◽  
Kaori Sakamoto ◽  
Nikolaus Osterrieder
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Inflammation ◽  
Body Weight Loss ◽  
Binding Activity ◽  
Immunomodulatory Activity ◽  
Equine Herpesvirus ◽  
Equine Herpesvirus 1 ◽  
Reduced Body ◽  
Glycoprotein G ◽  
Major Player ◽  
Herpesvirus 1

ABSTRACT CCL3 is a proinflammatory chemokine that mediates many of the cellular changes occurring in pulmonary disease. Here, CCL3−/− mice were used to investigate the role of this chemokine during respiratory herpesvirus infection. Compared to wild-type mice, CCL3−/− mice infected with the alphaherpesvirus equine herpesvirus 1 (EHV-1) displayed reduced body weight loss but had higher pulmonary viral loads. Lungs from infected CCL3−/− mice suffered a milder interstitial pneumonia, and fewer immune cells were recovered from the pulmonary airways after infection. We could also demonstrate that herpesvirus-encoded chemokine-binding glycoprotein G (gG) was capable of inhibiting the chemotactic functions of CCL3. This CCL3-mediated chemotaxis, however, was restored in the presence of gG-specific antibodies, which puts into question the advertised use of gG deletion mutants as marker vaccines. In summary, we concluded that CCL3 is a major player in controlling herpesvirus replication in the target organ, the lung, and does so by evoking a strong inflammatory response. The immunomodulatory activity of CCL3 is balanced by the expression of viral gG, whose chemokine-binding activity is mitigated in secondary infections by the production of anti-gG antibodies.

scholarly journals Dietary Alaska Pollock Protein Attenuates the Experimental Colitis Induced by Dextran Sulfate Sodium via Regulation of Gut Microbiota and Its Metabolites in Mice

Metabolites ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 44
Author(s):  
Genki Tanaka ◽  
Nozomi Hagihara ◽  
Ryota Hosomi ◽  
Takaki Shimono ◽  
Seiji Kanda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Dextran Sulfate ◽  
Dextran Sulfate Sodium ◽  
Activity Index ◽  
Body Weight Loss ◽  
Disease Activity Index ◽  
Experimental Colitis ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Spleen Weight ◽  
Reduced Body

Protein derived from fish has not only nutritional properties but also health-promoting properties. Few studies have examined the effect of dietary Alaska pollock protein (APP) on the anticolitis effect reported to be associated with metabolic syndrome (MetS). This study investigated the effect of APP intake on colitis symptoms, gut microbiota, and its metabolites in the experimental colitis mouse model induced by dextran sulfate sodium (DSS). Male C57BL/6J mice were divided into three groups: (1) DSS-untreated mice fed an American Institute of Nutrition (AIN) 93G diet (protein source is casein), (2) DSS-treated mice fed an AIN93G diet, and (3) DSS-treated mice fed an APP diet. After the mice were fed the diets for 21 days, experimental colitis was induced by three cycles of 2% DSS administration for 5 days followed by washouts over the course of 5 days. APP-reduced body weight loss increased the disease activity index, and elevated spleen weight and alleviated colon length shortening and colonic tissue damage. Furthermore, APP altered the structure and composition of the microbiota and short-chain fatty acids in feces. Since APP intake alleviates experimental colitis induced by DSS administration through alterations in the gut microbiota and its metabolites, we deduced that APP would inhibit MetS progression via colitis suppression.

scholarly journals EFFECT OF QUALITATIVE FEED RESTRICTION ON PULLET DEVELOPMENT AND SUBSEQUENT EGG PRODUCTION.

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
pp. 34-42
Author(s):  
A. SEKONI ◽  
P. C. NJOKU ◽  
J. M. OLOMU ◽  
S. O. OGUNDIPE ◽  
S. A. OFFIONG
Keyword(s):  
Egg Production ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Reduced Body ◽  
Dietary Crude Protein ◽  
Body Weights ◽  
Isocaloric Diets ◽  
Dietary Treatments ◽  
Effect Of Feeding

The effect of feeding different protein levels  during the rearing and development of egg-type  pullets as well as on eventual egg production was investigated in two experiments. In experiment I, the dietary crude protein (CP) regimens (and old to point of lay notations) in isocaloric diets for the periods 0-8 weeks and 9-20 weeks respectively for treatment 1: 20% and 16% (20:16), treatment 2: 16% and 16% (16:16), treatment 3: 12% and 12% (12:12), treatment 4: 16% and 12% (16:12), treatment 5:20% and 12% (20:12) and for treatment 6 theregimens comprised 20% for 0-8 weeks, 16% for9-16 weeks and 12% for 17-20 weeks (20:16:12) In experiment 2, treatments 1 to 5 for experiments 1 were repeated while three step-up dietary treatments 6, 7 and 8 were evaluated in addition. For the periods 0-8 weeks and 9-20 weeks respectively, the CP regimens for treatment 6 were 12% and 16% (12:20) and for traetment 7, 12% and 20% (12:20) and for treatment 8, 16% and 20% (16:20). From 20 weeks in each experiment, a common layer diet containing 16% CP and 2,449 Kcals metabolizable energy per kg was fed ad libitum to all treatments and all the subsequent egg production was monitored for a further 16 weeks . Both studies indicated that production was reported egg-type chickens fed diets with a drastic protein restriction (12%) in the starting period (0-8 weeks) had significantly reduced body weights at 20 weeks and delayed sexual maturity.  However, when such birds were subsequently (9-20 weeks) offered diets with higher protein content significant compensatory effects on weight gain and feed conversion were indicated. The step-up CP règimens in experiment 2 performed.

scholarly journals Potentiation of Recombinant NP and M1-Induced Cellular Immune Responses and Protection by Physical Radiofrequency Adjuvant

Vaccines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 1382
Author(s):  
Yibo Li ◽  
Zhuofan Li ◽  
Yiwen Zhao ◽  
Xinyuan Chen
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Matrix Protein ◽  
Body Weight Loss ◽  
Antibody Responses ◽  
Significant Protection ◽  
Influenza A Viruses ◽  
Humoral Immune ◽  
Reduced Body ◽  
Ctl Responses

Nucleoprotein (NP) and matrix protein 1 (M1) are highly conserved among influenza A viruses and have been attractive targets to develop vaccines to elicit cross-reactive cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs). Yet, external antigens are often presented on major histocompatibility complex class II molecules and elicit humoral immune responses. In this study, we present a physical radiofrequency adjuvant (RFA) to assist recombinant NP and M1 to elicit potent CTL responses. We found recombinant NP/M1 immunization in the presence of RFA could elicit potent anti-NP CTLs and confer significant protection against homologous viral challenges, while NP/M1 immunization alone failed to elicit significant CTL responses or confer significant protection. Interestingly, RFA failed to elicit potent anti-M1 CTL responses or anti-NP or anti-M1 antibody responses. Different from RFA, AddaVax adjuvant was found to significantly increase NP-specific antibody responses but not CTLs. NP/M1 immunization in the presence of RFA or AddaVax similarly reduced body weight loss, while only the former significantly increased the survival. We further found NP/M1 immunization in the presence of RFA did not significantly increase serum IL-6 release (a systemic inflammatory mediator) and rather reduced serum IL-6 release after boost immunization. NP/M1 immunization in the presence of RFA did not induce significant local reactions or increase body temperature of mice. The high potency and safety strongly support further development of RFA-based recombinant NP/M1 vaccine to elicit cross-protective immunity.

scholarly journals Performance of Quails Given Ration Containing Dragon Fruit Skin Fermented Neurospora crassa

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 482-489
Author(s):  
Doharni Pane ◽  
Rahmaini Pakpahan
Keyword(s):  
Neurospora Crassa ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Feed Material ◽  
Alternative Feed ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Fruit Skin ◽  
Dragon Fruit ◽  
Meat And Eggs

Quail is one type of poultry that must be developed because it has the potential to produce animalprotein needs for humans, namely meat and eggs. Because the meat and quail eggs are in greatdemand by the community, their maintenance is almost evenly distributed throughout Indonesia.Privileges of quails include fast production, do not require large capital, easy maintenance, and donot require large tracts of land. The aimed of this experiment was to determine the effect of providingdragon fruit skin-fermented (DFSF) with fungi Neurospora crassa as an alternative feed material tothe performance of quails. The research method are experiments using completely randomized design(CRD), with 5 treatments and 4 replications. if there is a real or very real difference that will be followedby Duncan's distance test. The treatments given are: A = without giving DFSF, B = giving 4% DFSF,C = giving 8% DFSF, D = giving 12% DFSF and E = giving 16% DFSF. The results showed thatdifferences in the level of DFSF in quail ration gave no significant effect on feed intake, body weightgain and feed conversion of quail ration. It can be concluded that the administration of DFSF up tothe level of 16% in the ration can be used as alternative feed ingredients without affecting feed intake,body weight gain and quail feed conversion.

scholarly journals Single and combined supplementation of glutamine andn-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids on host tolerance and tumour response to 7-ethyl-10-[4-(1-piperidino)-1-piperidino]carbonyloxy-camptothecin (CPT-11)/5-fluorouracil chemotherapy in rats bearing Ward colon tumour

2009 ◽  
Vol 102 (3) ◽  
pp. 434-442 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongyu Xue ◽  
Séverine Le Roy ◽  
Michael B. Sawyer ◽  
Catherine J. Field ◽  
Levinus A. Dieleman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Tumour Response ◽  
Body Weight Loss ◽  
Combination Regimen ◽  
Muscle Weight ◽  
Laboratory Rats ◽  
Colon Tumour ◽  
Reduced Body ◽  
Total Diet

Prior reports suggest that during irinotecan (7-ethyl-10-[4-(1-piperidino)-1-piperidino]carbonyloxy-camptothecin; CPT-11) chemotherapy in laboratory rats, the anti-tumour efficacy and diarrhoea toxicity could be modulated byn-3 PUFA and glutamine, respectively. We further examined how these two dietary elements, when provided individually and in combination, would affect the efficacy of a cyclical regimen of CPT-11/5-fluorouracil (5-FU), an accepted combination regimen for colorectal cancer. Prior to initiating chemotherapy, diets enriched either with glutamine (2 %, w/w total diet) orn-3 PUFA (0·88 %, w/w total diet) alone, inhibited Ward colon tumour growth (P < 0·05). These diets also completely or partially normalized the changes in peripheral leucocyte counts associated with the tumour-bearing state (e.g. neutrophil proportion/concentration and lymphocyte proportion). During chemotherapy, either glutamine- orn-3 PUFA-enriched diet enhanced tumour chemo-sensitivity, and reduced body weight loss, anorexia and muscle wasting (v.animals fed control diet,P < 0·05). Surprisingly, providing both glutamine andn-3 PUFA together did not confer a greater benefit on tumour inhibition either in the presence or absence of chemotherapy; individual benefits associated with single treatments, particularly in respect to host nutritional status (i.e. body weight, food intake and muscle weight) and immune (peripheral leucocyte counts) features were instead partially or completely lost when these two nutrients were combined. These results draw into question the common assumption that there are additive or synergistic benefits of combinations of nutrients, which are beneficial on an individual basis, and suggest that co-supplementation with glutamine andn-3 PUFA is not indicated during chemotherapy with CPT-11 and 5-FU.

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