Effects of herbal products in vitro and in vivo

Natural products or herbs can be used as an effective therapy for treating psoriasis, an autoimmune skin disease that involves keratinocyte overproliferation. It has been demonstrated that phytomedicine, which is used for psoriasis patients, provides some advantages, including natural sources, a lower risk of adverse effects, and the avoidance of dissatisfaction with conventional therapy. The herbal products’ structural diversity and multiple mechanisms of action have enabled the synergistic activity to mitigate psoriasis. In recent years, the concept of using natural products as antiproliferative agents in psoriasis treatment has attracted increasing attention in basic and clinical investigations. This review highlights the development of an apoptotic or antiproliferatic strategy for natural-product management in the treatment of psoriasis. We systematically introduce the concepts and molecular mechanisms of keratinocyte-proliferation inhibition by crude extracts or natural compounds that were isolated from natural resources, especially plants. Most of these studies focus on evaluation through an in vitro keratinocyte model and an in vivo psoriasis-like animal model. Topical delivery is the major route for the in vivo or clinical administration of these natural products. The potential use of antiproliferative phytomedicine on hyperproliferative keratinocytes suggests a way forward for generating advances in the field of psoriasis therapy.

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Secondary Metabolites in the Treatment of Diabetes Mellitus: A Paradigm Shift

Current Drug Metabolism ◽

10.2174/1389200221666200514081947 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 21 (7) ◽

pp. 493-511

Author(s):

Deependra Singh Chauhan ◽

Paras Gupta ◽

Faheem Hyder Pottoo ◽

Mohd Amir

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Secondary Metabolites ◽

Biomarker Discovery ◽

Aloe Vera ◽

Significant Activity ◽

Herbal Products ◽

Metabolic Markers ◽

And Control

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic, polygenic and non-infectious group of diseases that occurs due to insulin resistance or its low production by the pancreas and is also associated with lifelong damage, dysfunction and collapse of various organs. Management of diabetes is quite complex having many bodily and emotional complications and warrants efficient measures for prevention and control of the same. As per the estimates of the current and future diabetes prevalence, around 425 million people were diabetic in 2017 which is anticipated to rise up to 629 million by 2045. Various studies have vaguely proven the fact that several vitamins, minerals, botanicals and secondary metabolites demonstrate hypoglycemic activity in vivo as well as in vitro. Flavonoids, anthocyanin, catechin, lipoic acid, coumarin metabolites, etc. derived from herbs were found to elicit a significant influence on diabetes. However, the prescription of herbal compounds depend on various factors, including the degree of diabetes progression, comorbidities, feasibility, economics as well as their ADR profile. For instance, cinnamon could be a more favorable choice for diabetic hypertensive patients. Diabecon®, Glyoherb® and Diabeta Plus® are some of the herbal products that had been launched in the market for the favorable or adjuvant therapy of diabetes. Moreover, Aloe vera leaf gel extract demonstrates significant activity in diabetes. The goal of this review was to inscribe various classes of secondary metabolites, in particular those obtained from plants, and their role in the treatment of DM. Recent advancements in recognizing the markers which can be employed for identifying altered metabolic pathways, biomarker discovery, limitations, metabolic markers of drug potency and off-label effects are also reviewed.

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Pharmacokinetic Interactions of Herbs with Cytochrome P450 and P-Glycoprotein

Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine ◽

10.1155/2015/736431 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 2015 ◽

pp. 1-10 ◽

Cited By ~ 41

Author(s):

Hyun-Jong Cho ◽

In-Soo Yoon

Keyword(s):

Cytochrome P450 ◽

Glycoprotein P ◽

Metabolizing Enzymes ◽

Herbal Products ◽

P Glycoprotein ◽

Concurrent Use ◽

Substrate Drug ◽

And Function

The concurrent use of drugs and herbal products is becoming increasingly prevalent over the last decade. Several herbal products have been known to modulate cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes and P-glycoprotein (P-gp) which are recognized as representative drug metabolizing enzymes and drug transporter, respectively. Thus, a summary of knowledge on the modulation of CYP and P-gp by commonly used herbs can provide robust fundamentals for optimizing CYP and/or P-gp substrate drug-based therapy. Herein, we review ten popular medicinal and/or dietary herbs as perpetrators of CYP- and P-gp-mediated pharmacokinetic herb-drug interactions. The main focus is placed on previous works on the ability of herbal extracts and their phytochemicals to modulate the expression and function of CYP and P-gp in severalin vitroandin vivoanimal and human systems.

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Anti-cancer potential of natural products: recent trends, scope and relevance

Letters in Applied NanoBioScience ◽

10.33263/lianbs91.902907 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 902-907

Keyword(s):

Natural Products ◽

Immune System ◽

Herbal Medicines ◽

Data Interpretation ◽

In Vivo Studies ◽

Bioactive Substances ◽

Herbal Products ◽

Culturing Conditions

Disease can occur due to alterations in many physiological processes. A variety of factorsare known to be involved in the progression of cancer, a chronic diseasethat occurs due to permissible proliferative signaling, avoiding growth suppressors, resisting cell death, allowing replicative immortality, induction of angiogenesis, and inducing invasion and metastasis, along with reprogramming of metabolic pathways involved in energy production and avoiding the host immune response for cell destruction. Treatment of such a multifactorial disease has very less cure rate because of the singular agents tried in the past for targeting. Molecular level studies with deeper insight are urgently neededthat focus on the most promising herbal-derived bioactive substances for which thorough research was carried out in the literature in various data-bases such as PUB-MED, MEDLINE, SCOPUS indexed journals etc. to look for systematic reviews of the protocols or data interpretation, natural drug/immunological properties and validation. As immune system plays avery important role in the proliferation or suppression of cancer and other autoimmune diseases, It is the dire need to study the effect of such natural compound on the immune system so that a possible drug target or epitope can be identified for the treatment of such diseases. In nutshell there are many nonclinical in vitro and in vivo studies on herbal medicines which commonly supports the traditional therapeutic claims. It has been seen from the previos studies in literature that the yield and composition of bioactive compounds derived from plants are dependent upon the production source,culturing conditions and extraction protocols.Therefore appropriate optimization conditions would certainly assist the medical and scientific fraternity to accept herbal products as potential candidates for cancer treatment. In this article we explored the different natural products, their immunological effects concerning cancer with no or negligible side effects. However,one has to look for potential herb–drug or herb-epitope interactions and how immune system responds to such drugs.

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Multifaceted Factors Causing Conflicting Outcomes in Herb-Drug Interactions

Pharmaceutics ◽

10.3390/pharmaceutics13010043 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 13 (1) ◽

pp. 43

Author(s):

Young Hee Choi ◽

Young-Won Chin

Keyword(s):

Clinical Trials ◽

Drug Interactions ◽

Metabolic Enzyme ◽

Preclinical Studies ◽

Herbal Products ◽

Period Effects ◽

Underlying Mechanisms ◽

Study Designs

Metabolic enzyme and/or transporter-mediated pharmacokinetic (PK) changes in a drug caused by concomitant herbal products have been a primary issue of herb and drug interactions (HDIs), because PK changes of a drug may result in the alternation of efficacy and toxicity. Studies on HDIs have been carried out by predictive in vitro and in vivo preclinical studies, and clinical trials. Nevertheless, the discrepancies between predictive data and the clinical significance on HDIs still exist, and different reports of HDIs add to rather than clarify the confusion regarding the use of herbal products and drug combinations. Here, we briefly review the underlying mechanisms causing PK-based HDIs, and more importantly summarize challenging issues, such as dose and treatment period effects, to be considered in study designs and interpretations of HDI evaluations.

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Antiparasitic and Antibacterial Functionality of Essential Oils: An Alternative Approach for Sustainable Aquaculture

Pathogens ◽

10.3390/pathogens10020185 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 185 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Mahmoud A. O. Dawood ◽

Mohammed F. El Basuini ◽

Amr I. Zaineldin ◽

Sevdan Yilmaz ◽

Md. Tawheed Hasan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Essential Oils ◽

Pathogenic Bacteria ◽

Aquatic Organisms ◽

Aeromonas Salmonicida ◽

Fish Parasites ◽

Sustainable Aquaculture ◽

Herbal Products ◽

Hydrophobic Compounds

Using synthetic antibiotics/chemicals for infectious bacterial pathogens and parasitic disease control causes beneficial microbial killing, produces multi-drug resistant pathogens, and residual antibiotic impacts in humans are the major threats to aquaculture sustainability. Applications of herbal products to combat microbial and parasitic diseases are considered as alternative approaches for sustainable aquaculture. Essential oils (EOs) are the secondary metabolites of medicinal plants that possess bioactive compounds like terpens, terpenoids, phenylpropenes, and isothiocyanates with synergistic relationship among these compounds. The hydrophobic compounds of EOs can penetrate the bacterial and parasitic cells and cause cell deformities and organelles dysfunctions. Dietary supplementation of EOs also modulate growth, immunity, and infectious disease resistance in aquatic organisms. Published research reports also demonstrated EOs effectiveness against Ichthyophthirius multifiliis, Gyrodactylus sp., Euclinostomum heterostomum, and other parasites both in vivo and in vitro. Moreover, different infectious fish pathogenic bacteria like Aeromonas salmonicida, Vibrio harveyi, and Streptococcus agalactiae destruction was confirmed by plant originated EOs. However, no research was conducted to confirm the mechanism of action or pathway identification of EOs to combat aquatic parasites and disease-causing microbes. This review aims to explore the effectiveness of EOs against fish parasites and pathogenic bacteria as an environment-friendly phytotherapeutic in the aquaculture industry. Moreover, research gaps and future approaches to use EOs for sustainable aquaculture practice are also postulated.

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Much More Than a Pleasant Scent: A Review on Essential Oils Supporting the Immune System

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules24244530 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 24 (24) ◽

pp. 4530 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Agnes Peterfalvi ◽

Eva Miko ◽

Tamas Nagy ◽

Barbara Reger ◽

Diana Simon ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Essential Oils ◽

Immune Function ◽

Scientific Data ◽

Herbal Products ◽

Plant Essential Oils ◽

Routes Of Administration ◽

Pubmed Database ◽

Cumulative Evidence

The augmenting acceptance and application of herbal medicine in prevention and treatment of diseases also involve the use of plant essential oils (EOs) through different routes of administration (aromatherapy). Scientific data supporting the efficacy of certain herbal products are continuously growing; however, the cumulative evidence is not always sufficient. The anti-inflammatory properties of EOs have been investigated more extensively and also reviewed in different settings, but so far, our review is the first to summarize the immune-supporting properties of EOs. Our aim here is to synthesize the currently available data on the immune function enhancing effects of EOs. An online search was conducted in the PubMed database, which was terminated at the end of July 2019. Other articles were found in the reference lists of the preselected papers. Studies that applied whole EOs with known components, or single EO constituents under in vitro or in vivo laboratory conditions, or in human studies, and de facto measured parameters related to immune function as outcome measures were included. Two specific fields, EO dietary supplementation for livestock and fish, and forest bathing are also explored. Some EOs, particularly eucalyptus and ginger, seem to have immune function enhancing properties in multiple studies.

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Herbal Informatics: A Unique Model to Identify the Anti-Cancerous Agents for Targeting Lung Cancer

10.20944/preprints202012.0132.v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Rashmi Wardhan ◽

Ankit Tanwar ◽

Pallavi Dutta ◽

Ishita Jha ◽

Ruby Sharma ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Lung Cancer ◽

Azadirachta Indica ◽

Withania Somnifera ◽

Effective Management ◽

Herbal Products ◽

Piper Longum ◽

Unique Model ◽

Selection Of

The incidence of lung cancer has increased in recent years and causes major mortalities across the globe. Besides, the availability of the several chemotherapeutics modalities in the management, there is still a challenge to find out an efficient remedy with lesser or no toxic effects. Hence, there is a necessity to employ complementary research to establish effective management for lung cancer. In this study, we have implemented a novel herbal informatics model to find out the alternative remedy in the treatment of lung cancer. This model utilizes five major steps of the bioprospection process based on the classical surge followed by the binary index and rationale-based selection of herbal products targeting the cancer-causing factors which are explained in detail in the methodology section of this model. This study revealed 07 herbals such as Withania somnifera (Ws), Berberis vulgaris(Bv), Glycyrrhiza glabra(Gg), Andrographis paniculate(Ap), Azadirachta indica(Ai), Cinnamomum Verum(Cv), Piper longum(Pl) based on the fuzzy set optimization scoring(0.6-1) that could be further studied in vitro and in vivo level for utilization in the management of lung cancer.

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The Immunomodulatory, Nitric Oxide and Cytokine activity of SeptilinTM

Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science ◽

10.3329/bjms.v18i4.42869 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 18 (4) ◽

pp. 675-688

Author(s):

Mujeeb Hoosen

Keyword(s):

Nitric Oxide ◽

Medical Science ◽

Herbal Medicines ◽

In Vivo Studies ◽

Therapeutic Success ◽

Herbal Products ◽

Hand Search ◽

Natural Medicine

Objective: Herbal immunomodulatory preparations are increasing in popularity. In vitro, in vivo and clinical trial studies are needed to ensure safety, quality and efficacy of these herbal medicines. SeptilinTM, a proprietary herbal medicinal product has been reported to have immunomodulatory effects. Methods: For this narrative review the author surveyed the primary literature on SeptilinTM and its ingredients with regards to immunomodulatory, nitric oxide (NO) and cytokine activity. Databases utilized included Pubmed, Science Direct and EBSCO, Google Scholar as well as a hand search through journals and bibliographies was included. English language restriction was observed. The following parameters had to be met for study inclusion: investigations on SeptilinTM as a formulation (liquid or dried form) were accepted. Research on the isolated constituents of SeptilinTM (single herbs) was also accepted. The accepted model types included; in vitro and in vivo, animal and human models. The following were also required; method of preparation of the SeptilinTM, concentration of the plant preparation and dose/exposure time. Only studies providing statistically significant results with regards to immunomodulatory, cytokine and nitric oxide activity were included. Results: SeptilinTM and its ingredients had effects on at least one cytokine. The most frequently studied cytokines were IL-1, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, TNF, and IFN. Many studies also reported on NO activities. SeptilinTM and its ingredients demonstrated modulation of several cytokines with varying results on NO activity. The bulk of studies conducted on SeptilinTM and its ingredients were in vitro, the few in vivo studies were mainly conducted in rats or mice models with a few studies conducted on humans. Conclusion: The in vitro and in vivo research demonstrates that SeptilinTM and its ingredients modulate the secretion of multiple cytokines and NO with varying effects on cytokine and NO secretion due to divergent research methodologies. The reported therapeutic success of these herbal products by natural medicine practitioners and clinicians may be due to their effects on cytokine and NO activity. Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.18(4) 2019 p.675-688

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Prevention of Prostate Tumor Development by Stimulation of Antitumor Immunity Using a Standardized Herbal Extract (Deep Immune®) in TRAMP Mice

Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine ◽

10.1155/2018/9707543 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 2018 ◽

pp. 1-12 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Peihe Liang ◽

Jia Guo ◽

Shadan Li ◽

Qiunong Guan ◽

Terry Vanderheyden ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Daily Intake ◽

Flow Cytometric Analysis ◽

Low Risk ◽

Herbal Extract ◽

Herbal Products ◽

Mouse Splenocytes ◽

Tumor Killing ◽

Tramp Mice

Low-risk prostate cancer (PCa) does not require immediate treatment, but PCa progression after years of active surveillance will need the treatment. This study was to test the efficacy of immunostimulant Deep Immune (DI) in controlling PCa progression. DI is an extract of eight different medicinal herbs. In vitro activity of DI was determined by phagocytosis activation using flow cytometric analysis of fluorescence-labeled latex bead uptake, expression of immune-modulating 84 genes using PCRarray, and tumor killing using coculturing with immune cells. Anti-PCa activity of DI in vivo was examined in male TRAMP mice. In vitro DI stimulated phagocytosis and expression of a panel of inflammatory mediators (C4b, CXCL3, lymphotoxin, NOS2, TLR1, TNF, and TNFSF14) in cultured macrophages and increased tumor killing of both macrophages and TRAMP mouse splenocytes. Daily intake of this herbal product significantly suppressed the tumor size (P=0.0368) with lower histopathologic scores (P=0.0364) in TRAMP mice, which were associated with an increase in both splenocyte cytotoxicity against tumor cells and numbers of CD8 T cells, macrophages, and dendritic cells in the spleens in vivo. In conclusion, daily intake of DI prevents PCa progression in TRAMP mice, suggesting the possible effectiveness of the immunostimulant herbal products on prevention of PCa progression after diagnosis of low-risk PCa.

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