scholarly journals SARS-CoV-2 and Dentistry–Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (S 01) ◽  
pp. S130-S139 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clóvis Lamartine de Moraes Melo Neto ◽  
Lisiane Cristina Bannwart ◽  
André Luiz de Melo Moreno ◽  
Marcelo Coelho Goiato
Keyword(s):  
Dental Care ◽  
Literature Search ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Dental Clinic ◽  
Oral Medicine ◽  
Mesh Terms ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Dental Professionals

AbstractSARS-CoV-2 (or 2019-nCoV) is the novel Coronavirus that affects humans. It originated in China at the end of 2019 due to the consumption of animals contaminated with this pathogen. SARS-CoV-2 causes the disease known as COVID-19 (coronavirus disease – 2019), and until May 21, 2020, approximately 213 countries and territories had been affected by SARS-CoV-2. The objective of this study was to review the origin and characteristics of this virus (SARS-CoV-2), symptoms and diagnosis of COVID-19, treatment of people with COVID-19, forms of transmission of the SARS-CoV-2, and precautions in dentistry. A literature search on PubMed/Medline was performed on the May 21, 2020, using the keywords (Mesh terms) “COVID-19” or “SARS-CoV-2” or “Coronavirus” associated with “dentistry” or “dental care” or “oral medicine.” SARS-CoV-2 articles about the origin and characteristics of this virus (SARS-CoV-2), symptoms and diagnosis of COVID-19, treatment of people with COVID-19, forms of transmission of the SARS-CoV-2, and precautions in dentistry were included. The search was expanded according to necessity. Articles related to precautions in dentistry and SARS-CoV-1 or MERS-CoV were also selected, since precautions used in the dental clinic to avoid these viruses also apply to SARS-CoV-2. In addition, the references cited in the publications of articles included were also considered when appropriate. There was no limit in relation to the year of publication, and only articles written in English were included. In this study, suggestions for the safety of dental professionals were also included. Forty-seven articles and nine websites were included in this review.

scholarly journals The Role of Dental Professionals in Pandemic Events and Disaster Responses

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guangwen Li ◽  
Bei Chang ◽  
Hui Li ◽  
Rui Wang ◽  
Gang Li
Keyword(s):  
Human Resources ◽  
Emergency Response ◽  
Mass Casualties ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Public Health Emergencies ◽  
The Past ◽  
Emergency Responses ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Dental Professionals

Abstract The past 20 years have seen major public health emergencies and natural disasters, including the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome outbreak caused by the SARS-associated coronavirus (SARS-CoV) in 2003; the Wenchuan earthquake in 2008; and the novel coronavirus pandemic (COVID-19) of 2019, which caused mass casualties, infections, and panic. These also resulted in complex demands for medical resources and information, and a shortage of human resources for emergency responses. To address the shortage of human resources required for these emergency responses, Chinese dental professionals made useful contributions. From this work, deficiencies in emergency response training and opportunities for the expansion of rescue capabilities were identified, and relevant recommendations made.

scholarly journals Clinical Progress Note: Point-of-Care Ultrasound Applications in COVID-19

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (6) ◽  
pp. 353-355 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benji K Mathews ◽  
Seth Koenig ◽  
Linda Kurian ◽  
Benjamin Galen ◽  
Gregory Mints ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Septic Shock ◽  
Respiratory Failure ◽  
Critical Illness ◽  
Literature Search ◽  
Point Of Care ◽  
Severe Illness ◽  
Point Of Care Ultrasound ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Ultrasound Applications

COVID-19, the disease caused by the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, was declared a pandemic on March 11, 2020. Although most patients (81%) develop mild illness, 14% develop severe illness, and 5% develop critical illness, including acute respiratory failure, septic shock, and multiorgan dysfunction.1 Point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS), or bedside ultrasound performed by a clinician caring for the patient, is being used to support the diagnosis and serially monitor patients with COVID-19. We performed a literature search of electronically discoverable peer-reviewed publications on POCUS use in COVID-19 from December 1, 2019, to April 10, 2020. We review key POCUS applications that are most relevant to frontline providers in the care of COVID-19 patients.

scholarly journals Transmission Routes and Infection Control of Novel Coronavirus-2019 in Dental Clinics – A Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sana Ali ◽  
Uroosa Zeb ◽  
Mashooq Khan ◽  
Anees Muhammad
Keyword(s):  
Infection Control ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Screening Tests ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Infected Person ◽  
Dental Clinics ◽  
Mesh Terms ◽  
Awareness Programs ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

The novel Coronavirus (nCoV-19) pandemic began in Wuhan, China with Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) in December, 2019. The virus transmitted from China to other countries by traveling of the infected individuals. The number of infected populations with Coronavirus is increasing day by day with an increased mortality rate. The signs and symptoms of the disease include fever, non-productive cough, dyspnea, and fatigue. The transmission routes of the virus include respiratory secretions or droplet infection and direct contact with the infected person. Dentists are a group of professionals that are highly exposed to infectious diseases. The nCoV-19 is transmitted from patient to dentist and dentist to patient mainly through aerosol and splatter produced by the dental procedure and saliva of an infected person. To avoid transmission of the virus from patient to dentist and from dentist to other patients, screening tests should be done at dental setups. The use of gloves, face shields, masks, gowns, and antiseptic handwash are mandatory for the dentist. Awareness programs should be conducted to prevent further transmission of the disease. We searched Google, Google Scholar, WHO website for coronavirus and National Institute of Health website (nih.org.pk) for relevant literature by using various MeSH terms including ‘2019-nCoV’, ‘transmission of 2019-nCoV in dental clinics’, ‘dentistry and COVID-19’ and ‘infection control’, etcKey words: COVID-19, Dental clinics, Infection control, Transmission

scholarly journals Headache in patients infected with the novel coronavirus (Covid-19): An integrative literature review

2020 ◽  
pp. 3-6
Author(s):  
Sarah Nilkece Mesquita Araújo Nogueira Bastos ◽  
Diego Afonso Cardoso Macedo de Sousa ◽  
Simone Santos e Silva Melo ◽  
Bárbara Louise Freire Barbosa ◽  
Larisse Giselle Barbosa Cruz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Clinical Characteristics ◽  
Literature Search ◽  
Virus Disease ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Chinese Patients ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Medical Databases ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

Introduction: The disease caused by the new coronavirus was named by the acronym COVID- 19 which means “COrona VIrus Disease”, while “19” refers to the year 2019, when the first cases in Wuhan, China, were identified. Objective: Our objective was to identify the prevalence of headache and to know its clinical characteristics in COVID-19 patients, available in the literature. Methods: Based on a literature search in the major medical databases and using the descriptors “headache and coronavirus”, “headache and 2019-nCoV”, “headache and SARS- CoV-2”, “headache and coronavirus and 2019-nCoV” and “headache and coronavirus and SARS-CoV-2” we include articles published between January 2019 and April 2020. We found 94 articles, but only 13 met the inclusion criteria. Results: In 13 articles analyzed in this review, a total of 3,105 Chinese patients (51.6% men and 48.4% women) had laboratory diagnoses of COVID-19. In 240 (7.7%) patients, headache was an associated symptom of COVID-19, but in only 52 (21.7%) of them there was some information about the characteristics of this headache. Conclusions: COVID-19 patients have several clinical manifestations, including headache that is nonspecific with a prevalence of 7.7%.

scholarly journals Effects of Natural Ventilation and Saliva Standard Ejectors during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Quantitative Analysis of Aerosol Produced during Dental Procedures

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (14) ◽  
pp. 7472
Author(s):  
Imena Rexhepi ◽  
Rocco Mangifesta ◽  
Manlio Santilli ◽  
Silvia Guri ◽  
Piero Di Carlo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Quantitative Analysis ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Dental Care ◽  
Natural Ventilation ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Total Dust ◽  
Dental Procedures ◽  
Care Workers ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

The novel Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has renewed attention to aerosol-generating procedures (AGPs). Dental-care workers are at high risk of contamination by SARS-CoV-2. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of standard saliva ejectors and natural ventilation in reducing particulate matter (PM) concentration during different routine dental procedures in the pandemic period. The DustTrak monitor was used to measure PM1, PM2.5, PM10, and breathable (<4 microns) total dust during 14 procedures performed with and without the presence of natural ventilation in a dental unit. Moreover, measurements were performed near the practitioners or near the standard saliva ejectors during the different procedures. In the latter condition, reduced levels of PM10 were recorded (82.40 ± 9.65 μg/m3 vs. 50.52 ± 0.23 μg/m3). Moreover, higher levels of PM (53.95 ± 2.29 μg/m3 vs. 27.85 ± 0.14 μg/m3) were produced when the dental unit’s windows were open. At the same time, the total level of PM were higher during scaling than during other procedures (data suggest not to adopt natural ventilation—both window and door opened—during dental procedures). It was also demonstrated that the use of standard saliva ejectors can considerably reduce the total released amount of PM10.

scholarly journals In silico screening of Moroccan medicinal plants with the ability to directly inhibit the novel coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reda Ben Mrid ◽  
Najat Bouchmaa ◽  
Imad Kabach ◽  
Mansour Sobeh ◽  
Abdelmajid Zyad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
In Silico ◽  
Literature Search ◽  
Natural Compounds ◽  
The Novel ◽  
In Silico Screening ◽  
Adme Properties ◽  
Orally Bioavailable ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Natural Inhibitors

Abstract In the present study, we investigated natural compounds contained in Moroccan medicinal plants and that might be used as natural inhibitors of the novel coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, that causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). We first performed a literature search for natural inhibitors of SARS or MERS coronaviruses. We then selected natural compounds that have been biologically tested and confirmed to possess anti-coronavirus activity. Subsequently, we used a molecular docking to determine whether the selected molecules could interact with the virus proteins. The compounds selected from virtual screening were then subjected to an in-silico analysis of absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion (ADME) properties to select only natural compounds that could be orally bioavailable. Thereafter, a second search has been launched to select Moroccan medicinal plants that contain at least 3 molecules from those natural compounds. As results, among 41 natural inhibitors of SARS or MERS coronaviruses, only 13 have been successfully passed the ADME filtering. These molecules, showed abilities to interact with the novel coronavirus as it was predicted. Using these molecules and based on the data extracted from literature, 29 Moroccan medicinal plants have been found to contain at least 3 of these coronavirus inhibitors. Therefore, the medicinal plants selected in this study might contain direct anti-SARS-CoV-2 compounds.

scholarly journals Dispersion of Aerosols Generated during Dental Therapy

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (21) ◽  
pp. 11279
Author(s):  
Yusuke Takanabe ◽  
Yutaka Maruoka ◽  
Junko Kondo ◽  
Shotaro Yagi ◽  
Daichi Chikazu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dental Care ◽  
Dental Treatment ◽  
Aerosol Particles ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Clinical Settings ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Dental Clinics ◽  
Size Of Particles ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

The novel coronavirus pandemic has resulted in an urgent need to study the risk of infection from aerosols generated during dental care and to conduct a review of infection controls. However, existing studies on aerosol particles related to dental treatment have mainly evaluated only the scattering range. Few studies have been conducted on the specifics of the generation of aerosol particles in clinical settings, their mechanisms and patterns of distribution throughout open or enclosed spaces, the duration that they remain suspended in air, and the amount and size of particles present. To minimize the influence of background particles, laser lights, a high-sensitivity camera, and particle counters were used in a large super clean laboratory to investigate the dynamics of aerosols generated during the operation of dental micromotors. The results indicate that aerosols tend to scatter upward immediately after generation and then gradually disperse into the surroundings. Most of the particles are less than 5 µm in size (only a few are larger), and all particles are widely distributed over the long term. Our research clearly elucidates that aerosols produced in dental care are distributed over a wide area and remain suspended for a considerable time in dental clinics before settling.

scholarly journals Coronavirus Pandemic: An Update on the Transmission, Diagnosis, Clinical Features and Managment

2021 ◽  
pp. 182-192
Author(s):  
Saad S. Alqahtani ◽  
Santhosh Joseph ◽  
Otilia J. F. Banji ◽  
Abdulkarim M. Meraya ◽  
Ahmed A. Albarraq ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Highly Pathogenic ◽  
Treatment Protocols ◽  
Vaccination Programs ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
Mesh Terms ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Human Infections ◽  
Widespread Interest

The novel coronavirus, designated as “Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2” (SARS-CoV-2), is a new coronavirus that has evolved as a global pandemic recently, and it has created a widespread interest in coronaviruses causing human infections. This article compares the pathogenesis, distribution, clinical characteristics, and treatment of the three highly pathogenic coronaviruses that caused epidemics, namely, “Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus” (SARS), “Middle East Respiratory Syndrome” (MERS), and SARS-CoV-2. This narrative review is prepared using the data compiled from literature search using relevant MeSH terms. The clinical manifestation of SARS-CoV-2 infection (COVID-19) is mild with relatively low fatality rate than the other two coronaviruses; however, its overall capability to cause explosive spread of the disease and reach a pandemic level is greater. Unlike SARS and MERS, COVID-19 has no accepted treatment protocols at present. Extensive studies and analyses on COVID-19 are necessary before making strong recommendations for or against any particular treatment, although some recent medications have shown great potential. COVID-19 still needs further investigation, where all of the lessons gained from previous outbreaks of SARS and MERS and the experience from the countries that managed COVID-19 seem to be the best approaches to counteract this new global hazard at present until effective preventive vaccines are available in sufficient quantity for mass vaccination programs worldwide.

scholarly journals Ethnomedicinal herbs in African traditional medicine with potential activity for the prevention, treatment, and management of coronavirus disease 2019

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Olutayo Ademola Adeleye ◽  
Mbang Nyong Femi-Oyewo ◽  
Oluyemisi Adebowale Bamiro ◽  
Lateef Gbenga Bakre ◽  
Akinyinka Alabi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Discovery ◽  
Traditional Medicine ◽  
Literature Search ◽  
Symptomatic Treatment ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Drug Discovery And Development ◽  
African Traditional Medicine ◽  
Potential Activity ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

Abstract Background Ethnomedicine, a study of traditional medicine, is significant in drug discovery and development. African traditional medicine has been in existence for several thousands of years, and several drugs have been discovered and developed from it. Main text The deadly coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by a novel coronavirus known as SARS-CoV-2 has widely spread globally with high mortality and morbidity. Its prevention, treatment and management still pose a serious challenge. A drug for the cure of this disease is yet to be developed. The clinical management at present is based on symptomatic treatment as presented by individuals infected and this is by combination of more than two drugs such as antioxidants, anti-inflammatory, anti-pyretic, and anti-microbials. Literature search was performed through electronic searches of PubMed, Google Scholar, and several research reports including WHO technical documents and monographs. Conclusion Drug discovery from herbs is essential and should be exploited for the discovery of drugs for the management of COVID-19. This review is aimed at identifying ethnomedicinal herbs available in Africa that could be used for the discovery and development of a drug for the prevention, treatment, and management of the novel coronavirus disease 2019.

scholarly journals Disease-Modifying Therapies During the COVID-19 Outbreak

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 151-157 ◽  
Author(s):  
Smathorn Thakolwiboon ◽  
Hannah Zhao-Fleming ◽  
Jie Pan ◽  
Jordan Knecht Scott ◽  
Eri Shoji ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Immune Response ◽  
Clinical Studies ◽  
Literature Search ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Expert Opinions ◽  
Disease Modifying Therapies ◽  
Disease Modifying ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Google Search

Abstract Background: Managing multiple sclerosis (MS) during the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is a challenge due to the lack of evidence from clinical studies. Disease-modifying therapies (DMTs) may affect the immune response and subsequently alter the risk of COVID-19 infections. Methods: A literature search was conducted on the MEDLINE, Embase, and Cochrane databases. A focused Google search was also performed. Recommendations regarding the use of DMTs during the COVID-19 outbreak from national and international MS/neurology societies were identified and reviewed. Results: The review included 16 recommendations from international and national MS organizations. All recommendations are based on expert opinions. The recommendations regarding DMT initiation and management during this outbreak are summarized. Moreover, the experts’ views about the risk of COVID-19 infection with each DMT are discussed. Conclusions: There is significant agreement among most experts’ recommendations from a variety of sources based on collective clinical experience. However, the recommendations will likely evolve because sufficient clinical data are limited. Several ongoing registries will help provide information for future recommendations.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document