scholarly journals ‘No One Should Be Terrified Like I Was!’ Exploring Drivers and Impacts of Child Marriage in Protracted Crises Among Palestinian and Syrian Refugees

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bassam Abu Hamad ◽  
Samah Elamassie ◽  
Erin Oakley ◽  
Sarah Alheiwidi ◽  
Sarah Baird
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Methods Research ◽  
Social Protection ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Educational Opportunities ◽  
Child Marriage ◽  
Syrian Refugees ◽  
Bodily Integrity ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Left Behind ◽  
Noticeable Reduction

AbstractExacerbated by 9 years of conflict and displacement, child marriage among Syrian refugees appears to be increasing, while in Gaza, the noticeable reduction in child brides over the past two decades has recently plateaued. This comparative study explores drivers and consequences of child marriage in protracted crises, drawing on mixed-methods research from Gaza and Jordan with married adolescent girls and their parents. Our findings suggest that conflict reignites pre-existing drivers of child marriage, especially conservative norms around family honour and clan inter-marriage. Poverty is a strong driver of child marriage among Syrian refugees, while social protection programmes and educational opportunities for girls have played a protective role in Gaza. In both contexts, our findings underscore the multiple and intersecting negative effects of child marriage on girls’ health and bodily integrity, and point to the urgency of tackling this harmful practice to ensure that no adolescent is left behind.

The Impact of L-Carnitine and Coenzyme Q10 as Protection Against Busulfan-Oxidative Stress in the Liver of Adult Rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 578-586
Author(s):  
Areeg M. Abdelrazek ◽  
Shimaa A. Haredy
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Coenzyme Q10 ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Adult Rats ◽  
Stress Damage ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Liver Tissues

Background: Busulfan (Bu) is an anticancer drug with a variety of adverse effects for cancer patients. Oxidative stress has been considered as a common pathological mechanism and it has a key role in the initiation and progression of liver injury by Bu. Aim: The study aimed to evaluate the antioxidant impact of L-Carnitine and Coenzyme Q10 and their protective role against oxidative stress damage in liver tissues. Methods and Material: Thirty-six albino rats were divided equally into six groups. G1 (con), received I.P. injection of DMSO plus 1 ml of distilled water daily by oral gavages; G2 (Bu), received I.P. injection of Bu plus 1 ml of the distilled water daily; G3 (L-Car), received 1 ml of L-Car orally; G4 (Bu + L-Car) received I.P. injection of Bu plus 1 ml of L-Car, G5 (CoQ10) 1 ml of CoQ10 daily; and G6 (Bu + CoQ10) received I.P. injection of Bu plus 1 ml of CoQ10 daily. Results: The recent data showed that Bu induced significant (P<0.05) elevation in serum ALT, AST, liver GSSG, NO, MDA and 8-OHDG, while showing significant (P<0.05) decrease in liver GSH and ATP. On the other hand, L-Carnitine and Coenzyme Q10 ameliorated the negative effects prompted by Bu. Immunohistochemical expression of caspase-3 in liver tissues reported pathological alterations in Bu group while also showed significant recovery in L-Car more than CoQ10. Conclusion: L-Car, as well as CoQ10, can enhance the hepatotoxic effects of Bu by promoting energy production in oxidative phosphorylation process and by scavenging the free radicals.

Peer Victimization and Nonsuicidal Self-Injury Among Chinese Left-Behind Children: The Moderating Roles of Subjective Socioeconomic Status and Social Support

2020 ◽  
pp. 088626051989734 ◽  
Author(s):  
Quanquan Wang ◽  
Xia Liu
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Peer Victimization ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Subjective Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Left Behind ◽  
Self Injury ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Subjective Ses ◽  
Nonsuicidal Self Injury

Peer victimization is a serious issue among school-aged children. Chinese left-behind children tend to experience peer victimization and associated nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI) behavior. However, the possible improvement of subjective socioeconomic status (SES) based on increased family income may serve to buffer the relationship between peer victimization and NSSI, and this buffering effect may differ by level of social support. Thus, the current study aimed to examine the moderating effect of subjective SES on the relationship between peer victimization and NSSI by the level of social support among Chinese left-behind children. A total of 431 left-behind children and 447 non-left-behind children (comparison group) completed self-report scales measuring peer victimization, NSSI, subjective SES, and social support. Results showed that peer victimization was positively related to NSSI among left-behind children, but not among non-left-behind children. Moreover, for left-behind children with low levels of social support, high subjective SES intensified the association between peer victimization and NSSI; peer victimization was positively associated with NSSI among left-behind children who reported high subjective SES, but not among those with low subjective SES. However, high levels of social support seemed to protect the left-behind children with high subjective SES who experienced peer victimization from NSSI. For non-left-behind children with both parents present, high subjective SES played a protective role in the association between peer victimization and NSSI, regardless of the levels of social support they enjoyed. These findings contribute to an understanding of subjective SES as a moderating mechanism in the association between peer victimization and NSSI among left-behind children. Social support proved central to the protective role of subjective SES. Intervention programs to enhance social support can help to strengthen the protective effect of subjective SES on NSSI among left-behind children who experience peer victimization.

scholarly journals The role of social protection structures in the economic integration of refugees: analysis of Syrian refugees in the city of São Paulo

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 365-376
Author(s):  
ANDRÉ CAVALLER GUZZI
Keyword(s):  
Economic Integration ◽  
Social Protection ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
Civil Society Organizations ◽  
Syrian Refugees ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Transfer Program ◽  
The City ◽  
Protection Structures

Abstract This paper aims to analyze the role of social protection structures in the economic integration of refugees. While most of the literature on economic integration focuses on refugee access to formal workforce, this paper explores the importance of social protection in the integration process and how it paves the way for greater economic integration. This paper investigates both formal social protection structures and informal ties within immigrant communities that help refugees obtain a basic income while they are in the process of integration. Brazil has no national program for economic integration of refugees and, in terms of social protection structures, they are recipients of the same social assistance programs that are offered to the low-income population. By looking at a conditional cash transfer program, Bolsa Família, and analyzing the access and outcomes of this program for Syrian refugees in the city of São Paulo, this paper shows the limitations of providing these programs to refugees without considering their specificities. In conclusion, for a stronger economic integration, formal structures of social protection need to be more efficient and better address refugees’ needs. In order to conduct this work, I used academic and news articles, and interviewed members from the government and civil society organizations who work with refugee integration.

The Child Left Behind: Parental Incarceration and Adult Human Capital in the United States

2019 ◽  
Vol 109 ◽  
pp. 199-203
Author(s):  
Laura E. Henkhaus
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Degree Attainment ◽  
Labor Market Outcomes ◽  
The United States ◽  
Partial Identification ◽  
Parental Incarceration ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Market Outcomes ◽  
Left Behind ◽  
Nationally Representative

Exposure to parental incarceration is particularly prevalent in the United States, where about 7 percent of children have lived with a parent who was incarcerated. In this paper, I use nationally representative US data and apply partial identification methods to bound the likely effects of parental incarceration on education and labor market outcomes. Findings suggest that parental incarceration leads to substantially higher rates of high school dropout. Results provide some support for negative effects on likelihood of college degree attainment and employment in young adulthood. This work has important implications for criminal justice policy and social policies toward children.

scholarly journals Teachers’ Use of Within-Class Ability Groups in the Primary Classroom: A Mixed Methods Study of Social Comparison

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jane Louise Webb-Williams
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Methods ◽  
Social Comparison ◽  
Primary Schools ◽  
Mixed Methods Research ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Ability Group ◽  
Ability Groups ◽  
Grouping Strategies ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Impact

It is common practice within primary classrooms for teachers to spilt children into different ability groups so that children of similar level are taught together. Whilst this practice is used across the globe, research is mixed on the benefits of such grouping strategy. This paper presents data collected from mixed methods research which investigated teachers use of grouping strategies and social comparison, the act of comparing oneself with others. It focuses on when, why and with whom children from different ability groups compare themselves and the impact this has on their self-perceptions. Drawing upon data from children aged between 10 and 11 years from 12 primary schools, social comparison was found to play a significant role in daily classroom life for some children. The study identified different strands of the social comparison process including acknowledgment, topic, target, and direction, and it revealed positive and negative effects of social comparison. A difference by ability group was identified. Children within the low ability group were particularly vulnerable to the negative effects of social comparison and found to engage in more frequent and intentional social comparisons which were heavily relied upon for self-evaluation and performance evaluation. The paper discusses the educational implications of social comparison regarding pupil ability grouping strategies, motivation, engagement, and academic performance. Implications for teacher education and professional development is discussed.

scholarly journals “He Never Wants to Leave. I Would Leave in a Second.” Examining Perceptions of Rural Life and its Impact on Families who Migrate for Employment and Those who Stay Behind in Atlantic Canadian Communities

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christina Murray ◽  
Hannah S. Skelding ◽  
Doug Lionais
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
Labor Migration ◽  
Mixed Methods Research ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Rural Life ◽  
Active Member ◽  
Community Activities ◽  
Left Behind ◽  
Primary Caretakers ◽  
Stay Behind

In Canada, interprovincial labor migration is a common form of mobile work that is significant for rural communities especially in Atlantic Canada. Unique to this form of labor migration is the gendered nature of the phenomenon resulting in men often leaving their wives, families and rural communities behind for employment opportunities in the oil and gas sectors thousands of kilometers away. As men leave their families and communities for employment, women who are left behind become primary caregivers to children in addition to also being the primary caretakers of the family home. The Tale of Two Islands project was a multi-year, cross regional mixed methods research study that examined labor mobility and its impact on families and communities. This paper examines how labor migration has impacted families and rural communities. Drawing upon focus group, conversational and key informant interviews with families impacted by mobile labor and practitioners who serve them, societal perceptions of gendered norms and perceptions of rural life became illuminated. This has contributed to multiple contradictions and role confusion as families adapt and adjust to periods of reunification and separation while striving to remain connected to their rural communities. Men yearn for opportunities to be an active member of their home communities but cannot a result of living away for extended periods of time. In contrast, women who stay behind in rural communities often chose to isolate from community activities as a result of perceived judgments that are attributed to traditional views of rural life and family roles.

scholarly journals Forced And Early Marriages: Moral Failures Vs Religious Nuances

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (17) ◽  
pp. 305
Author(s):  
Bernard O. Itebiye
Keyword(s):  
Critical Discourse Analysis ◽  
Analytical Methods ◽  
Critical Discourse ◽  
Child Marriage ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
Rights Of The Child ◽  
The World ◽  
Physical Consequences ◽  
Cover Up

The rights of the child all over the world are considered to be very important. But forces and early marriages have become some of the ways the rights of children are being abused. This paper aimed at shedding more light on why children are victims of forced and early marriages and the effects and consequences of such marriages on the child and the society. The analyses employed Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) framework. Data gathered both from the primary and secondary sources were analyzed through the hermeneutical, descriptive and analytical methods. The findings of this paper are that early and forced marriages have harmful developmental, psychological and physical consequences on the child; have negative effects on the society and the Nation at large; that scriptural assertions, in defense, are mere manipulative ideas to cover up moral failures; and that whatever reason is given for child marriage, the disastrous effects on the victims outweigh them and undoubtedly make child marriage a social evil. The paper concludes that early and forced marriages do exist in Nigeria and needs to be curbed and thereafter suggests strategies that will make for a better implementation of such laws to effectively curb forced and early marriages in Nigeria.

scholarly journals Crisis of masculinity and health of male servicemen

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (11) ◽  
pp. 51-59
Author(s):  
Yuriі Kalagin
Keyword(s):  
Gender Stereotypes ◽  
Social Protection ◽  
Social Research ◽  
Healthy Person ◽  
The United States ◽  
Social Health ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Masculine Ideology ◽  
The Social ◽  
Applied Social Research

The article looks at the problems of preserving social health and individuality in the context of realizing gender stereotypes. The author suggests the results of social research, which was conducted at the laboratory of applied social research of the department of social science and political science of NTU "KhPI" in 2020. Relevance is stipulated by the need to protect human resources in all forms, so that the shosty riches protect sovereignty and territoriality of Ukraine. The personnel of military formations in Ukraine is composed mainly of men, so it is extremely important to support and preserve the health of men. The problem lies in the fact that social media ideology is often panicky, often sponing people to take away the strategy of special behaviors is not a problem for social health. At the middle of the twentieth century, science at large turned out to be a huge respect for the nutrition of healthy’s health and social problems of complicity. In fact, even more than one studio in the United States has earned respect for up to date realization of masculine and ideological ideas for individual health. Віччнінії науковіці долуджудували вкмі Aspects of the flood of masculine ideology, ale better understanding of the context of the social protection of the form of Ukraine in Ukraine on the cob of the 21st table was not carried out. The author has added to the behavior of those stereotypes such as “do not cry”, “say that you are strong but strong”, “say that you’re the mother of the year of birth” to bring back the negative effects. The results of the previous show showed that ideological masculine formук stereotypes, which can be negatively attributed to a healthy person. Namaganiya cholіkіv, so as not to have more than one resource, follow stereotypes of masculine and ideological ideas to negative insights. That, to the author’s thought, is necessary to formulate more critical criticism to sound stereotypes about the “reference person”.

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