The effect of varying quenching media on cooling time and microstructures of leaf spring steel AISI 5160

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anton Sudiyanto ◽  
Eko Pujiyulianto
Keyword(s):  
Spring Steel ◽  
Cooling Time ◽  
Leaf Spring ◽  
Quenching Media ◽  
Steel Aisi

scholarly journals Enhanced Axial Tension-tension Fatigue Resistance of a 51CrV4 Spring Steel by Cryogenic Treatment

2020 ◽  
Vol 72 (4) ◽  
pp. 138-151
Author(s):  
Chen Zhi ◽  
Gao Yuan ◽  
Yan Xian-Guo ◽  
Guo Hong ◽  
Huang Yao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatigue Life ◽  
Cryogenic Treatment ◽  
Spring Steel ◽  
Thin Strip ◽  
Leaf Spring ◽  
Axial Tension ◽  
Axial Tensile ◽  
Tensile Fatigue ◽  
Conventional Heat Treatment ◽  
Dump Trucks

51CrV4 spring steel is widely used in heavy duty dump trucks ascribing to its superior mechanical properties. The fatigue life and strength of dump trucks are the main performance indicators that must be considered in the manufacturing process. Cryogenic treatment (CT) can improve the main performance of materials which has been proved by recently research. The effect of cryogenic treatment CT on the axial tensile fatigue strength of 51CrV4 spring steel was studied in this paper. The results showed that the axial tension-tension fatigue life of 51CrV4 spring steel after CT was significantly higher than conventional heat treatment (CHT) samples. The microstructure of 51CrV4 leaf spring material is mainly acicular bainite and thin strip martensite after CT. Compared with CHT, CT makes the microstructure of the material more compact. The introduction of cryogenic treatment (CT) before tempering makes the Ca element in the material aggregate, and the micro amount of Ca has the function of deoxidizing and desulphurizing and improving the morphology of sulfide, thus enhancing the fatigue life of the material.

Mechanical Requirements of Tailored Joining Technologies for Spring Elements in Multi-Material-Design

2015 ◽  
Vol 825-826 ◽  
pp. 385-392
Author(s):  
Arne Busch ◽  
Michael Knorre ◽  
Robert Brandt
Keyword(s):  
High Strength ◽  
Material Design ◽  
Relative Strength ◽  
Spring Steel ◽  
Leaf Spring ◽  
Basic Study ◽  
Glass Fiber Reinforced Plastic ◽  
Specific Strength ◽  
Glass Fiber Reinforced ◽  
Reinforced Plastic

The conflict of targets between mass reduction, strength and costs of a multi-material-design module is addressed by the example of a multi-material hybrid leaf spring. A rather simple model is defined such that one portion of the spring is made by glass fiber reinforced plastic (GFRP) and the other portion by a high strength spring steel.In a rather basic approach the leaf spring is exposed to uniaxial bending. The mass of this module is discussed as a function of the strength of the joint. Subsequently, the leaf spring is exposed to a multi-axial bending, e.g. as an effect of side loads. Hence, the relative strength of the anisotropic portion (GFRP) of the leaf spring is diminished whereas the strength of the isotropic portion (high strength spring steel) is only slightly affected. The mass of the module is discussed in the same way. It is shown up by this analysis that the conflict of targets can be solved in different ways by considering the specific strength of the joint.It is the target of this basic study to derive the mechanical requirement of strength of this tailored joint which has to be met by its design in order to solve the addressed conflict of targets in a preferable optimal way.

scholarly journals Static and Fatigue Analysis of Carbon Epoxy Reinforced Composite Leaf Spring

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 66-69
Author(s):  
Chatwant Singh Pandher . ◽  
Gurinder Singh Brar ◽  
Tejeet Singh
Keyword(s):  
Epoxy Composite ◽  
Fatigue Analysis ◽  
Spring Steel ◽  
Leaf Spring ◽  
Practical Application ◽  
General Study ◽  
Traditional Use ◽  
Static Test ◽  
Reinforced Composite ◽  
Initial Load

Different fields of mechanical, automobile, aerospace, electronics and communication engineering uses composite material. The automobile industries have shown great interest to change traditional use of steel leaf spring with light weight composite leaf spring with same strength. This research paper presents the general study, fabrication, static and fatigue analysis on carbon epoxy composite leaf spring. A rear leaf spring of Tata Ace (mini truck) made of material EN45 spring steel was selected as practical application. Hand Lay-up technique was used to make a carbon epoxy leaf spring. A single carbon epoxy composite leaf spring is compared with EN45 steel leaf spring. Static test was performed on both steel spring and composite spring from initial load of 1000 N to full load of 5400 N. Results shows that deflection of carbon epoxy composite leaf spring is 14% less as compared to the steel leaf spring which means increase in stiffness. Also fatigue life of composite leaf spring is more than desire 100000 cycles.

scholarly journals Thermo-mechanical and metallurgical model of leaf spring industrial quenching process

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Salma SLAMA ◽  
Moez BEN JABEUR ◽  
Khalil MANSOURI ◽  
Muhammad ZAIN-UL-ABDEIN ◽  
Jamel BESSROUR ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Model ◽  
Constitutive Law ◽  
Leaf Spring ◽  
The Finite Element Method ◽  
Parabolic Profile ◽  
Quenching Process ◽  
Steel Aisi ◽  
Implicit Solver ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
Set Up

Abstract This study is a numerical analysis of the industrial quenching process for leaf springs developed by the CAVEO company. The leaf chosen for this study is of a parabolic profile made of EN-51CrV4 steel (AISI 6150). The aim of this study is to set up a numerical model to predict thermal, metallurgical, and mechanical behavior of a leaf spring from exit of the heating furnace to exit of the quenching bath going through a cambering operation. This study would therefore allow the company to switch from a development scheme based on experiments using physical prototypes tested on the production line to a new scheme based on virtual prototypes using numerical simulation. The development of the numerical model using the finite element method is carried out using the ABAQUS/Implicit solver coupled with two user subroutines Phase and UMAT. The first one have been developed to compute microstructure evolution and the second one to define the constitutive law taking into account phase transformations. This model helps us to follow the spatio-temporal evolutions of temperature and microstructure in the leaf, as well as the variation of the leaf deflection during the process. The proposed numerical model is supported by an experimental protocol based on infrared thermographic images, Rockwell-C hardness measurements, metallographic observations, and deflection measurements. Indeed, the results of the proposed thermo-mechanical and metallurgical model are closed to experimental results.

scholarly journals Design and Fatigue Analysis of Shot Peened Leaf Spring

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 1120-1126
Keyword(s):  
Fatigue Life ◽  
Shot Peening ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Load Level ◽  
Spring Steel ◽  
Leaf Spring ◽  
Leaf Springs ◽  
Point Test ◽  
Life Improvement ◽  
The Impact

The paper handles the fatigue and failing analysis of serial shot-peened leaf springs of cumbersome vehicles emphasizing on the impact of shot peening on fatigue life, coping with automotive leaf springs, the shot peening method turns into an important step in production.In the situation of leaf spring suspensions, however, asystematic research of the effect of shot peening about fatigue life isstill required. Experimental stress-life curves are determined with the aid of the usage of investigating clean specimen subjected to shot peening. those test consequences are as compared to corresponding ones identified from cyclic three-point test on shot peened serial leaf springs in order to show the influence of applied heat treatment and shot peening approach on fatigue existence of high-strength used to get leaf spring manufacturing, reliant on the load level. Analyses are performed to explain the effects resulting from shot peening practice on the surface features of the high-strength spring steel under examination. The evaluation of fatigue results shows that almost no life improvement due to production highlighting the importance for mutual variation in parameters of shot peening and thermal treatment so that there is sufficient progress in life

Optimized Modelling and Fabrication of a Parabolic Leaf Spring With Finite Element Analysis

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md Tahsin Ishtiaque ◽  
Sung-Hwan Joo
Keyword(s):  
Fatigue Life ◽  
Structural Steel ◽  
Base Material ◽  
Spring Steel ◽  
Suspension System ◽  
Leaf Spring ◽  
Optimized Design ◽  
Profile Design ◽  
Flat Profile ◽  
Parabolic Leaf Spring

A leaf spring is a simple form of spring commonly used for suspension system of vehicles which is originally called laminated or carriage spring. They perform isolation task in transferring vibration due to road irregularities to driver’s body. To improve the suspension system, many modifications have taken place overtime but recent innovations imply parabolic leaf spring and application of composite materials for these springs. The conventional flat profile of the leaf spring has been transformed into parabolic leaf spring which facilitates lighter, cheaper, better fatigue life and isolating more noise. This project basically includes designing a leaf spring with a conventional flat profile design following the standard dimension (SAE Manual) with acceptable tolerance and regard it as the base model for the project. To obtain the deformation, stress and fatigue life of the base model; a Computer Aided Simulation has been carried out in ANSYS Workbench considering the Structural Steel as the base material. Afterwards, the conventional flat profile design has been changed to parabolic shape consisting 1 Master leaf and 3 graduated leaves. In this case, initially the structural steel has been selected as the base material and later on SAE 5160 steel has been implemented to carry out the simulation. As only spring steel is the material widely used for parabolic leaf spring and many research has been carried out with spring steel, therefore different materials with combination of different spring design has been carried out in this project to get a better life cycle compared to the widely used one. After first modification, number of leaves has been increased to 5 but analysis has been carried out with the same two materials considered for initial simulation. Due to time constraint, the final optimized design has been selected among the analysis finished with the combination of leaves and materials which incorporate the better fatigue life, reduced deformation, reduced weight of the spring and increased factor of safety and later on following the final design (analyzed from CAE results) the parabolic leaf spring has been built with the assistance of a spring shop.

scholarly journals Numerical simulation of heat transfer during leaf spring industrial quenching process

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 304 ◽  
Author(s):  
Salma Slama ◽  
Mahmoud Bouhafs ◽  
Jamel Bessrour ◽  
Moez Ben Jaber ◽  
Hassan Mokdadi
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Numerical Model ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Space Time ◽  
Temperature Evolution ◽  
Leaf Spring ◽  
Parabolic Profile ◽  
Leaf Springs ◽  
Steel Aisi ◽  
The Heat Transfer Coefficient

This study is carried out in partnership with the company CAVEO, manufacturer of leaf springs for vehicles. It concerns the development of a numerical model intended to follow the space-time temperature evolution of a leaf during two processing operations: hot cambering and quenching. This leaf is of a parabolic profile, made of EN-51CrV4 steel (AISI-6150). After austenitization, it passes through a cambering operation to confer it the desired deflection and then a quenching operation. This quenching is carried out in an oil bath to achieve better mechanical properties. The prediction of the temperature during quenching involves determining the heat transfer coefficient between the leaf and the oil bath. This coefficient is determined by quenching, under the same conditions as the leaf, using a standard probe of the same steel. The numerical model is based on the resolution of the transient heat equation by considering the heat loss flows towards the heterogeneous environment (ambient air, press contact and quenching oil). The results obtained by this model give the space-time temperature evolution of the leaf from the exit of the heating furnace to the exit of the oil bath. The numerical results are compared to the experimental profiles obtained through thermographic images throughout cambering and quenching operations. These results are consistent with experimental results.

Investigation into the Effects of Shot Peening on the Fretting Fatigue Behaviour of 65Si7 Spring Steel Leaf Springs

2005 ◽  
Vol 219 (3) ◽  
pp. 139-147 ◽  
Author(s):  
M L Aggarwal ◽  
R A Khan ◽  
V P Agrawal
Keyword(s):  
Fatigue Life ◽  
Shot Peening ◽  
Fatigue Behaviour ◽  
Fretting Fatigue ◽  
Surface Characteristic ◽  
Spring Steel ◽  
Leaf Spring ◽  
Damping Factor ◽  
Leaf Springs ◽  
Leaf Surfaces

Leaf springs are subjected to varying stresses and vibrations due to road conditions. The influence of high contact pressures and temperatures follow fretting fatigue between two mating leaf surfaces. The work presented in this paper relates to improvement in fatigue and fretting fatigue performance of leaf springs using shot peening and coatings. The fatigue life of 65Si7 spring steel leaf springs has been determined experimentally at various shot peening conditions and optimum shot peening intensity is found. Full-scale leaf spring laboratory testing and specimen testing were carried out to show the extent of improvement in fatigue life as a result of shot peening. Structural damping is found to be an important surface characteristic of shot peened surfaces for reducing fretting fatigue. The effects of shot peening conditions and damping factor for minimizing fretting fatigue failures are discussed.

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