Reviews: Replanning the Blitzed City Centre: A Comparative Study of Bristol, Coventry and Southampton 1941–50, Elderly Migration and Population Redistribution, Resources and Global Food Prospects: Supply and Demand for Cereals to 2030. TP 184, European Port Cities in Transition, Developments in Landscape Management and Urban Planning. New Challenges in Recreation and Tourism Planning, Conservation of Neotropical Forests, Structural Changes in Population and Impact on Passenger Transport. Round Table 88, Science and Technology in Japan: Economic Planning Agency Technology Forecast to the Year 2010, the Challenge for Geography. A Changing World: A Changing Discipline, the Illusion of Choice: How the Market Economy Shapes Our Destiny

Fundamental changes in the global structure of food demand will lead to an extra-ordinary increase in the importance of developing countries in global food markets. Economic growth in developing countries is changing consumption patterns, with slower growth (and in many countries actual declines) in per capita food consumption of grains and rapidly growing per capita and total meat consumption, combined with induced growth in cereal feed consumption. The present paper examines the hypothesis, suggested by some researchers, that high-meat diets in developed countries limit improvement in food security in developing countries. These analysts argue that reduced meat consumption in developed countries would release cereals from livestock feed to food for poorer populations, thus improving food security in developing countries. Using the International Food Policy Research Institute (Washington, DC, USA) global food projections model, the international model for policy analysis of agricultural com-modities and trade (see Rosegrant et al. 1995), we first analyse the implications for future global cereal and meat supply and demand resulting from changes in global income, population growth and other structural changes, then simulate alternative sce-narios to examine the effect of large reductions in meat consumption in developed coun-tries on food consumption and food security in developing countries. The paper shows that while the long-term prospects for food supply, demand and trade indicate a strength-ening of world cereal and livestock markets, the improvement in food security in the developing world will be slow, and changes in the dietary patterns in developed countries are not an effective route to improvement in food security in developing countries.

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The Dynamic Impacts of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Log Prices in China: An Analysis Based on the TVP-VAR Model

Forests ◽

10.3390/f12040449 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (4) ◽

pp. 449

Author(s):

Chenlu Tao ◽

Gang Diao ◽

Baodong Cheng

Keyword(s):

Exchange Rate ◽

Structural Changes ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Supply And Demand ◽

Oil Prices ◽

Control Measures ◽

Var Model ◽

Time Varying ◽

Wood Industry ◽

The Impact

China’s wood industry is vulnerable to the COVID-19 pandemic since wood raw materials and sales of products are dependent on the international market. This study seeks to explore the speed of log price recovery under different control measures, and to perhaps find a better way to respond to the pandemic. With the daily data, we utilized the time-varying parameter autoregressive (TVP-VAR) model, which can incorporate structural changes in emergencies into the model through time-varying parameters, to estimate the dynamic impact of the pandemic on log prices at different time points. We found that the impact of the pandemic on oil prices and Renminbi exchange rate is synchronized with the severity of the pandemic, and the ascending in the exchange rate would lead to an increase in log prices, while oil prices would not. Moreover, the impulse response in June converged faster than in February 2020. Thus, partial quarantine is effective. However, the pandemic’s impact on log prices is not consistent with changes of the pandemic. After the pandemic eased in June 2020, the impact of the pandemic on log prices remained increasing. This means that the COVID-19 pandemic has long-term influences on the wood industry, and the work resumption was not smooth, thus the imbalance between supply and demand should be resolved as soon as possible. Therefore, it is necessary to promote the development of the domestic wood market and realize a “dual circulation” strategy as the pandemic becomes a “new normal”.

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Resources and Global Food Prospects: Supply and Demand for Cereals to 2030, by Pierre Crosson & Jock R. Anderson. (World Bank Technical Paper Number 184.) The World Bank, Washington, DC, USA: 122 pp., 19 tables, 27 × 21 × 1 cm, paper cover, no price indicated, 1992.

Environmental Conservation ◽

10.1017/s0376892900034330 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 22 (1) ◽

pp. 91-92

Author(s):

Robert Stanton

Keyword(s):

World Bank ◽

Supply And Demand ◽

Washington Dc ◽

Technical Paper ◽

The World Bank ◽

Paper Cover ◽

The World ◽

Global Food

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Guest Editorial: Three Pathways to Relevance and Profitability

Journal of Petroleum Technology ◽

10.2118/1220-0011-jpt ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 72 (12) ◽

pp. 11-13

Author(s):

Manas Satapathy ◽

Herve Wilczynski

Keyword(s):

Value Chain ◽

Production Management ◽

Structural Changes ◽

Oil And Gas ◽

Supply And Demand ◽

Half Cycle ◽

Development Costs ◽

Economic Climate ◽

Exploration And Production ◽

Primary Focus

For most of the past 160 years, the exploration and production (E&P) sector earned outsized economic rent for finding new oil and gas (O&G) resources and making them economically viable for production. This was possible because of the perceived scarcity of such resources; demand expectations for hydrocarbon products far exceeded their likely supply. During that period, E&P companies focused on building functional expertise to enable growth and operate assets safely. Exploration and appraisal capabilities were particularly revered as key drivers of value. Other areas of the value chain such as field production management, logistics, or even marketing were not seen as critically differentiating. Understandably, building expertise in those areas was never made the primary focus. What a difference a decade makes. Perpetual Disruption Is the New Normal Today, we live in a completely different world. The challenges facing upstream companies simply did not exist 10 years ago. Six compressive forces, in particular, are bringing about a sea change in the industry. Earlier this year, COVID-19 brought with it a sharp and palpable drop in demand for transportation-related crude. With the dramatic structural changes we have made to the ways we live and work in response to the pandemic, low crude demand is expected to continue. This will only exacerbate resource holders’ concerns about supply overabundance. E&P companies that hold hydrocarbon resources were already worried that the resources they own could go unmonetized. Now, that threat is stronger than ever. So is the incentive to monetize their resources as quickly as possible. Ironically, their actions to do so will make the oversupply situation worse. Beyond the issues of supply and demand, the industry’s general economic climate is wreaking havoc. O&G companies typically focus on half-cycle economics or lifting costs when making production decisions. That is because land acquisition and development costs are considered sunk. If oil prices stay in the $40-50/bbl range, many asset classes will simply be uneconomical from a full-cycle standpoint.

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Domestic Ban Versus Border Rejections: A Case of Oman’s Fish Exports to the EU

SAGE Open ◽

10.1177/2158244018823079 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 215824401882307 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Shekar Bose ◽

Amina Marhoon Rashid Al Naabi ◽

Houcine Boughanmi ◽

Jaynab Begum Yousuf

Keyword(s):

Exchange Rate ◽

Structural Changes ◽

Supply And Demand ◽

The European Union ◽

Related Factors ◽

Policy Makers ◽

Relative Significance ◽

Exchange Rate Fluctuations ◽

Adaptive Policy ◽

The Eu

The decline of Oman’s fish exports to the European Union (EU) since mid-2000s has caused legitimate concerns among policy makers and exporters. However, the potential reasons for the decline have not been fully elucidated. To ascertain the underlying causes of such decline, this article empirically examines the relative significance of potential economic and policy-related factors such as border rejections influenced by health and safety measures, supply and demand capacities, domestic ban, domestic structural changes, and exchange rate fluctuations on Oman’s fish exports to the EU. The results obtained from the dynamic unbalanced panel data model for the period 2000-2013 indicate that fish exports to the EU markets have been influenced by the domestic ban on export, domestic structural changes, and exchange rate fluctuations rather than by border rejections. These findings provide important signal to policy makers of the respective countries in designing adaptive policy approach to address such influences.

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Engineering advances for input reduction and systems management to meet the challenges of global food and farming futures

The Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.1017/s002185961000095x ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 149 (S1) ◽

pp. 55-61 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

W. DAY

Keyword(s):

Negative Impact ◽

Integrated Management ◽

Supply And Demand ◽

Farming Systems ◽

Production Performance ◽

Land Area ◽

Modern Engineering ◽

Optimization And Control ◽

And Control ◽

Global Food

SUMMARYImprovements in farming systems and food supply will come from: increased production efficiencies per unit land area or per unit input of key components such as water or fertilizer; from less negative impact on local and global environments, allowing sustainable biodiversity goals to be integrated with production performance; and from enhanced approaches to bringing global supply and demand in balance, allowing internationally agreed goals for biosphere stability to be shaped, managed and delivered. Each stage will deliver significant improvements to current farming approaches. Modern engineering methods and technology advances have enhanced productivity in all major industries, and farming is yet to make much progress by developing and adopting these technologies. Sensors, control and integrated management systems will be major features, delivering enhanced farming productivity per unit input and per person employed, complemented by decreased environmental impacts and lower losses in the food chain. New insights into modelling and interpreting systems' performance will provide key contributions to optimization and control under complex challenges.

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Structural changes in Japan's economy and society and outlook for long-term energy supply and demand

Energy Policy ◽

10.1016/s0301-4215(96)00028-6 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 24 (12) ◽

pp. 1119-1125 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Hisao Kibune ◽

Hiroki Kudo

Keyword(s):

Energy Supply ◽

Structural Changes ◽

Supply And Demand ◽

Term Energy

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The Impact of Informatization of Society on the Labor Market

Postmodern Openings ◽

10.18662/po/12.3sup1/357 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (3Sup1) ◽

pp. 155-167

Author(s):

Oleksandr Yashchyk ◽

◽

Valentyna Shevchenko ◽

Viktoriia Kiptenko ◽

Oleksandra Razumova ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Labor Market ◽

Government Regulation ◽

Structural Changes ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Supply And Demand ◽

Working Hours ◽

Industrial Society ◽

Information And Computer Technology ◽

Cloud Technologies ◽

The Impact

This article examines the transformation of the labor market under the influence of informatization of society. It is noted that in the conditions of globalization and informatization of the nowadays a post-industrial society has been formed, in which information is a determining factor of production. New opportunities and challenges of the labor market in the conditions of information society development are analyzed. The informatization of society changes the conditions, nature and forms of work. Extensive digitalization, the use of cloud technologies and artificial intelligence systems are displacing traditional forms of employment towards teleworking, which makes workers more mobile and able to optimize working hours. It is established that the spread of technology increases the efficiency of the recruitment and searching job processes. Informatization of society contributes to the creation of a digital labor market, which forms the demand and supply of information and computer technology workers. In the context of informatization of society, the labor market is characterized by an imbalance between supply and demand of labor due to structural changes in the economy. Among the challenges of the labor market are rising unemployment in the raw materials industries, robotics and automation of routine manual labor. The digitalization of the economy leads to the need to adjust government regulation of business and provide social guarantees for employees. It is noted that the informatization of society provides more benefits to the labor market than obstacles. Solving the problems it raises, promotes progress and economic development.

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