The effects of sodium gluconate and microbial phytase on performance and mineral utilisation in broiler chicks

2013 ◽  
Vol 53 (4) ◽  
pp. 316 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Günal
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Available Phosphorus ◽  
Broiler Chicks ◽  
Sodium Gluconate ◽  
P Content ◽  
Microbial Phytase ◽  
Bone Mineralisation ◽  
Tibia Ash

An experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of sodium gluconate and microbial phytase (MP) (Natuphos 1000G) supplementation of diets on performance, mineral retention and bone mineralisation in male broiler chicks from a day old to 21 days of age. The experiment was carried out using a completely randomised design with a 3 by 2 factorial arrangement (0, 2 and 4% sodium gluconate and 0 and 750 U MP/kg diet). Diets were formulated with deficient contents of available phosphorus (aP) (2.4 g/kg). Ten replicate cages of four chicks per replicate cage were fed experimental diets. MP supplementation of diets with deficient contents of aP significantly improved weight gain (P < 0.05) and feed efficiency (P < 0.01). The performance results were similar in birds fed the diets without sodium gluconate and the diets with 2% sodium gluconate. However, the dietary inclusion of sodium gluconate at 4% depressed (P < 0.05) the growth of broiler chickens compared with the diet without sodium gluconate. Compared with the diets supplemented with 2% sodium gluconate, the diets supplemented with 4% sodium gluconate decreased (P < 0.05) weight gain and increased (P < 0.05) feed efficiency. MP supplementation increased (P < 0.01) Ca, P, Mg, Zn retention, and tibia ash, Ca and P contents in tibia ash. Diets with sodium gluconate increased (P < 0.05) P and Zn retention. Diets containing sodium gluconate without phytase increased (P < 0.05) Mg retention and P content in tibia ash. The diet with 2% sodium gluconate without phytase also increased (P < 0.05) Ca retention. The dietary inclusion of sodium gluconate at 2% improved (P < 0.05) tibia ash and Ca content in tibia ash. Sodium gluconate and MP had significant interactions in Ca and Mg retention (P < 0.01), and P content (P < 0.05) in tibia ash. In conclusion, the results indicated that phytase and sodium gluconate supplementation of corn–soybean meal low AP diets increased Ca, P, Mg and Zn mineral retention and bone mineralisation in chicks. The addition of MP improved the performance. However, the supplementation of diets with 4% sodium gluconate depressed the performance.

Efficacy of new bacterial phytase in poultry diets

2000 ◽  
Vol 80 (3) ◽  
pp. 527-528 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Leeson ◽  
H. Namkung ◽  
M. Cottrill ◽  
C. W. Forsberg
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Phosphorus Content ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Available Phosphorus ◽  
Broiler Chicks ◽  
Poultry Diets ◽  
Feeding Diets ◽  
Tibia Ash

Phytase produced by Escherichia coli was fed to broiler chicks fed graded levels of available phosphorus (0.25–45%). A positive control involved Natuphos® a fungal phytase commonly used in poultry nutrition. Feeding diets with only 0.25% available phosphorus from 1 to 13 d of age resulted in reduced feed intake and weight gain, with associated loss in tibia weight, tibia ash and tibia phosphorus content (P < 0.01). Adding 600 IU phytase kg−1 diet corrected these problems, and both sources were equally efficacious for most parameters studied. Key words: Phosphorus, phytase, chicken

The effects of calcium source and concentration on performance, bone mineralisation and serum traits in male broiler chickens from 1 to 21 days of age

2019 ◽  
Vol 59 (6) ◽  
pp. 1090 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Fallah ◽  
A. Karimi ◽  
G. H. Sadeghi ◽  
N. Behroozi-Khazaei
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Broiler Chicken ◽  
Oyster Shell ◽  
Phosphorus Concentration ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Bone Mineralisation ◽  
Tibia Ash ◽  
Average Weight Gain

In total, 840 1-day-old male broiler chickens (Ross 308) were used to evaluate the effects of seven dietary calcium (Ca) concentrations (4.0, 5.5, 7.0, 8.5, 10.0, 11.5 and 13.0 g/kg, at a fixed concentration of 4.0 g/kg of non-phytate phosphorus) and two calcium sources (oyster shell and limestone) on broiler chicken Ca requirements for optimal growth rate and bone mineralisation from 1 to 21 days of age. All chickens were randomly distributed into 14 treatment groups (seven treatments of each Ca source), each being replicated four times, with 15 birds per each replicate. Results indicated that Ca source and Ca source × Ca concentration interaction had no significant (P &gt; 0.05) effects on birds average feed intake, but increasing Ca concentration to &gt;8.5 g/kg significantly deteriorated average feed intake. Average weight gain and feed conversion ratio were significantly influenced by Ca source × Ca concentration interaction, whereby high concentrations of Ca from oyster shell resulted in a poorer performance for both criteria than did those from limestone. Serum Ca, P and total protein were not affected by Ca source. However, increasing Ca concentrations had adverse effects on serum P concentration (P &lt; 0.05). Toe ash, tibia ash and phosphorus concentrations at 21 days were not influenced by Ca source, but were depressed as dietary Ca concentration increased (P &lt; 0.05). A broken-line regression analysis indicated that the Ca requirements to optimise average weight gain and tibia ash when limestone was used as a Ca source were 5.54 and 6.58 g/kg of diet respectively, and 5.80 and 6.43 g/kg of diet respectively, when oyster shell was used. In conclusion, the results indicated that Ca concentration, more than Ca source, has a significant influence on broiler chicken performance and bone mineralisation, all of which deteriorate when the dietary Ca concentration exceeds 8.5 g/kg at the constant available-phosphorus concentration of 4.0 g/kg.

Dietary phosphate equivalence of four forms of Pi contrasted with a novel microbial phytase from Citrobacter braakii in broiler chickens

2015 ◽  
Vol 55 (9) ◽  
pp. 1145 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. J. Cowieson ◽  
F. Fru-Nji ◽  
O. Adeola
Keyword(s):  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Potassium Phosphate ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Microbial Phytase ◽  
Dietary Phosphate ◽  
Bone Mineralisation ◽  
Tibia Ash ◽  
Total P

Two 21-day studies were conducted with broilers to evaluate the efficacy of a bacterial 6-phytase from Citrobacter braakii and compare four Pi sources. The four sources were phosphates of monocalcium (MCP), dicalcium (DCP), tricalcium (TCP) with potassium phosphate (KH2PO4) acting as a ‘positive control’ reference. In each study, 336 4-day-old male birds (Ross 708) were blocked based on initial bodyweight (BW) and randomly allotted to one of seven diets with six replicate cages of eight birds each. Access to experimental diets and water from Days 4 to 25 post-hatching was ad libitum. In the first study, the seven diets were: (1) a low-P negative control (NC) corn-soybean meal basal diet formulated to contain crude protein (CP), Ca, total P, and non-phytate P (nPP) at 218, 9.0, 4.5, and 2.0 g/kg, respectively; (2) NC plus 0.75 g Pi from KH2PO4/kg; (3) NC plus 0.75 g Pi from MCP/kg; (4) NC plus 0.75 g Pi from DCP/kg; (5) NC plus 0.75 g Pi from TCP/kg; (6) NC plus phytase at 500 FYT/kg; (7) NC plus phytase at 1000 FYT/kg. Feeding the low-P NC diet reduced (P < 0.01) BW gain (BWG), feed intake (FI), and tibia ash. Supplementing the NC with Pi or phytase linearly improved (P < 0.01) BWG, FI, and tibia ash. Supplementing the NC with 0.75 g/kg Pi from MCP, DCP, or TCP were equipotent in improving BWG and FI; however, percent tibia ash was higher (P < 0.05) in birds fed MCP than either DCP or TCP. The second study was similar to the first study except that Ca, total P, and nPP in the NC were reduced to 7.0, 4.2, and 1.8 g/kg, respectively; and Pi from MCP, DCP, and TCP were reduced to 0.6 g/kg. Similar to observations in the first study, the low-P NC diet reduced (P < 0.01) BWG, FI, and tibia ash; and supplementing the NC with Pi or phytase linearly improved (P < 0.01) BWG, FI, P digestibility and tibia ash. Furthermore, supplementing the NC with 0.75 g Pi from MCP, DCP, or TCP per kg diet were equipotent in improving BWG, FI, and tibia ash though MCP resulted in superior (P < 0.05) retention of P compared with TCP. Results from both studies showed that the phytase was efficacious in releasing phytate-P for growth and bone mineralisation in chickens compensating, at least, the spared Pi, and that Pi sources commonly used in formulating diets of chickens may be different in their potential to supply digestible P.

THE EFFECTS OF DIETARY METHIONINE AND LYSINE ON BROILER CHICKEN PERFORMANCE AND BREAST MEAT YIELD

1990 ◽  
Vol 70 (2) ◽  
pp. 673-678 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. HICKLING ◽  
W. GUENTER ◽  
M. E. JACKSON
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Broiler Chicken ◽  
Broiler Chicks ◽  
Breast Meat ◽  
Meat Yield ◽  
Breast Meat Yield

An experiment was conducted with 3840 male Ross × Arbor Acres broiler chicks to test the effects of increasing dietary methionine and lysine on performance and breast meat yield. Supplemental methionine and lysine were fed in a 2 × 4 factorial arrangement in both starter (0–3 wk) and finisher (3–6 wk) diets. Methionine was fed at levels of NRC and 112% NRC. Lysine was fed at levels of NRC and 106% NRC, 112% NRC and 118% NRC. Increasing dietary methionine increased weight gain (P < 0.01), feed efficiency (P < 0.01) from 3 to 6 wk, and breast meat yield (P < 0.01) at 6 wk. Increasing dietary lysine caused a curvilinear response in breast meat yield (P < 0.05). Key words: Broiler, lysine, methionine, breast meat

Effect of an acidifier as replacement for antibiotics on the performance and gut morphology of broilers

2015 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 111-116
Author(s):  
BA Makanjuola ◽  
OO Obi ◽  
TO Olorungbohunmi ◽  
OA Morakinyo ◽  
BA Boladuro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Broiler Chicks ◽  
Villus Height ◽  
Gut Morphology ◽  
Final Weight ◽  
Small Intestines ◽  
Dietary Treatments

An experiment was conducted to determine the influence of an acidifier as an alternative to antibiotics on the performance and gut morphology of broiler chickens. One hundred and eighty (180) 7-day old broiler chicks were randomly assigned to 3 dietary treatments of 4 replicates each. Each replicate had 15 birds. The diets fed to the birds were: Treatment 1- diet with neither antibiotic nor acidifier; Treatment 2- diet with antibiotic and Treatment 3- diet with acidifier. The antibiotic used was Enrofloxacin which was administered to the birds on Treatment 2 via their drinking water while the acidifier used was Biotronic SE (a combination of propionic and formic acids) which was added to the diet of birds on Treatment 3 at the rate of 4kg/tonne of feed. The experiment lasted 42 days. No significant differences were observed in the feed intake, final weight and weight gain of the birds on the different diets. Significant differences were however observed in the villus height in the duodenum and ileum of the birds. The crypt depth values in the different segments of the small intestines of the birds were not significantly affected by the different treatments.Key words: Organic acids, Biotronic SE, Enrofloxacin, Crypt, villus.

Effect Of L-Thyroxin Hormone (T4) On Compensatory Growth In Broiler Chicks

2002 ◽  
Vol 2002 ◽  
pp. 84-84
Author(s):  
A. Hassanabadi ◽  
A. golian
Keyword(s):  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Compensatory Growth ◽  
Specific Dynamic Action ◽  
Abdominal Fat ◽  
Feed Restriction ◽  
Broiler Chicks ◽  
Fat Pad ◽  
Heat Increment ◽  
Maintenance Requirements

Purpose of researches in feed restriction area is improvement of feed efficiency, decrease of carcass fat content and abdominal fat pad size (Plavnik and Hurvitz,1991).Birds after early life feed restriction have less maintenance requirements due to decrease of heat increment and decrease of basal metabolic rate and specific dynamic action of food (Forsum et al.,1981).In many investigations, compensatory growth have not observed (Summers et al.,1990).It seems administration of Thyroid hormone after feed restriction can induce compensatory growth. The objective of the present study was to investigate the effect of early feed restriction and L-Thyroxin administration after early feed restriction on compensatory growth in broiler chickens.

scholarly journals Effect of dietary supplementation of turmeric (Curcuma longa) powder on the growth performance and carcass traits of broiler chicks

2015 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 188-199 ◽  
Author(s):  
MA Mondal ◽  
T Yeasmin ◽  
R Karim ◽  
M Nurealam Siddiqui ◽  
SM Raihanun Nabi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Curcuma Longa ◽  
Carcass Traits ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Feed Additive ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Broiler Chicks ◽  
June July

The present study was aimed to investigate the dietary effect of different levels of turmeric (Curcuma longa) powder on the performance of broiler during summer (June-July), 2013. Four experimental rations designated as T0, T1, T2 and T3 having 0%, 0.5%, 1.0% and 1.5% Turmeric (Curcuma longa) powder were fed to 120 broiler chicks (Ross 308), randomly distributed into 12 replicates, so as to have 3 replicates per treatment and 10 chicks per replicate. Average weight gain, feed consumption, feed efficiency, dressing yield and survivability were used as criteria of response to feeding turmeric powder. Organs weight including heart, liver and gizzard were also recorded. The mean body weight gain and average feed efficiency (feed gain-1) per broiler significantly increased (P<0.01) by turmeric supplemented feed compared to control feed. The average feed consumption and survivability of broiler chick non- significantly (P>0.05) improved due to by turmeric supplementation in the diets. Inclusion of turmeric powder caused slightly increased the carcass traits of broiler chicks i.e., average weight of liver, heart and gizzard but the differences were non-significant (P>0.05). A significant decrease (P<0.01) in abdominal fat pad and significant increase (P<0.05) in dressing yield was observed in chickens fed the turmeric supplemented diets. The results of the present study suggest that the use of turmeric (Curcuma longa) powder as feed additive at a level of 0.5% enhances the growth performances and carcass yield of broiler chicks.SAARC J. Agri., 13(1): 188-199 (2015)

scholarly journals Effect of replacing maize and starch with Shoti meal (Curcuma zedoaria) in broiler

2018 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 40-46
Author(s):  
S Datta ◽  
S Rahman ◽  
O Islam ◽  
M Hassan ◽  
M Hossain ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Broiler Chicks ◽  
Curcuma Zedoaria ◽  
Physical Treatment ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility

The effects of raw and autoclaved Shoti (Curcuma zedoaria) meal on the growth and N utilization of growing broilers were determined. Shoti from Bangladesh Agricultural University campus was collected and sorted on the basis of white color of the rhizome. Then they were chopped into pieces, sun dried and pulverized in a flour mill. Aliquot samples were autoclaved at 1200C under 15 lb of pressure per square inch for 30 min. Autoclaved samples were stored in tightly lid contained for future use. 3 One hundred -day-old Cobb 500 broiler chicks were reared on the floor and a total of 24 growing broilers, 4 birds in each group were weighed on d 15 Two broilers were placed in each cage. There were a total of four experimental and two control (positive and negative Non-protein control) diets. Diets were fed ad libitum from day 15 to 33days. Body weight, feed intake, feed refusal and fecal weights were recorded every day. Cumulative feed efficiency per bird was calculated as the ratio of weight gained to feed consumed. Dry matter of excreta was determined from the last 10 d of feeding trial by drying aliquots of every day’s droppings by drying for 6 h at 1050C. On d 19, birds were bled to death. Immediately after slaughter, the carcasses were examined systematically. The chemical composition of Shoti meal showed that it is low in protein, fat and trace minerals and therefore mainly a source of energy. The bulk of the tuber (75 percent) consists of carbohydrates, made up of 10.6% fiber, and 64.9% nitrogen free extracts (NFE). A peculiarity of Curcuma rhizome meal contains high level of ash (9.9%) on DM basis. The results showed that at day 33, the weight of the broiler chicken fed shoti 100g, 200g, 300 g and 200g (autoclaved shoti meal)/ Kg diet was significantly different from the weight of the chicken fed on a maize-soybean diet. The birds given shoti meal consumed less feed than those provided with a maize diet. Feed efficiency or weight gain to feed ration over 19-d period was the poorest when fed 300 g Shoti/ Kg diet. Intake picked up when the shoti meal was incorporated after having been autoclaved and there was slight improvement in body weight gain as compared to that of other Shoti fed group. However, feed efficiency and body weight gain as % of initial weight remained significantly lower than the maize-soybean control. The inclusion of Shoti meal generally had an adverse effect on the apparent dry matter digestibility compared with the control diets. The group fed autoclaved shoti meal had a similar effect and the true N digestibility was the lowest when compared to those of control fed on maize-soybean meal. Thus, physical treatment like using autoclave, caused further reduction of digestibility of its N. Lipid digestibility was reduced by ingestion of shoti meal. Since the diets were isocaloric, after correction for the apparent endogenous lipid losses, which were obtained from the results of non-protein control feeding, the net faecal losses was around 66.2% of the ingested lipid against control diet fed birds. Bang. J. Anim. Sci. 2018. 47 (1): 40-46

scholarly journals Enzyme supplementation of dry and wet wheat-based feeds for broiler chickens: performance and gut responses

2000 ◽  
Vol 84 (3) ◽  
pp. 297-307 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Yasar ◽  
J. M. Forbes
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Enzyme Treatment ◽  
Broiler Chicks ◽  
Water Addition ◽  
Enzyme Supplementation ◽  
High Level ◽  
Interaction With Age

To test whether the improvements in digestive efficiency due to either wetting of the food or inclusion of enzymes are accompanied by the same changes in gut function, foods with a high content of wheat were fed to broiler chicks from 1–42 d old. Twenty-four birds were caged individually while a further sixty-four were in group pens in experiments of 2 × 2 factorial design with two levels of enzyme (0 or 1 g/kg, designed for wheat) and two levels of water addition (0 and 1300 g/kg). Food intake and live-weight gain were significantly increased by wet feeding (from 89·3 to 153·4 g/d and from 39·7 to 65·4 g/d respectively), the differences increasing with age, while the enzyme had no significant effect (120·5 and 122·2 g/d and 51·9 and 53·1g/week respectively). The viscosity of digesta was greatly reduced both by wetting (from 4·40 to 2·64 kPa · s) and enzyme (from 4·47 to 2·57 kPa · s) but there was a significant interaction with age in which the viscosity was low throughout in the wet only, enzyme only and wet + enzyme treatments but declined with age from a very high level in the dry, no enzyme treatment (11·5 kPa · s at 14 d). While wetting increased weight and length of digestive tract and thickness of some parts of the gut, enzyme had no significant effect, tending to reduce gut wall thickness. Crypt cell proliferation rate (CCPR) was significantly reduced by wet feeding (from 39·4 to 28·7 cells/crypt per 2 h) and by enzyme supplementation (from 38·9 to 29·2 cells/crypt per 2 h). Therefore, while both wetting and enzyme addition to the food reduced digesta viscosity and CCPR to a similar extent, the former had marked stimulatory effects on food intake and weight gain while the latter had little effect. The mode of action of wet feeding is therefore deduced to be not primarily through its effects on viscosity and CCPR.

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