scholarly journals 386 Effect of essential oil and exogenous enzyme on feed intake, digestibility and rumen fermentation of finishing cattle fed different roughage sources

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 153-154
Author(s):  
Laura B Toseti ◽  
Rodrigo S Goulart ◽  
Vinicius N Gouvêa ◽  
Tiago S Acedo ◽  
Guilherme S Vasconcellos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Protein Digestibility ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Feed Additives ◽  
Finishing Cattle ◽  
Exogenous Enzyme ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
Vitamin Mixture ◽  
Corn Grain

Abstract Eight rumen-cannulated Nellore steers (327 ± 30 Kg BW) were used in a 4x4 duplicate Latin square to evaluate the effects of two feed additives (MON - Sodium Monensin 26 mg/kg DM vs. Crina® RumistarTM - combination of blend of essential oils - 90 mg/kg DM + exogenous α-amylase - 560 mg/kg DM, respectively; DSM Produtos Nutricionais Brasil S.A.) and two roughage sources at 10% of peNDF (CS - corn silage vs SB - sugarcane bagasse, on DM basis). Final diets contained 19.5% CS or 12% SB, corn grain (70.7 and 78.2% for CS and SB diets, respectively), 5.5% soybean meal, 4% mineral-vitamin mixture and 0.3% urea, on DM basis. The experimental periods had 14-d for adaptation and 5-d of collections. Data were analyzed with PROC MIXED of SAS and means compared by Tukey test. No interaction between additives and roughage sources was observed. Animals fed Crina® RumistarTM had 0.600 kg increase (P = 0.03) on DM intake and decreased (P = 0.01) apparent crude protein digestibility (CP; 75.3 vs. 77.5%, respectively) compared to MON. Animals fed SB presented greater apparent CP digestibility (77.6 vs 75.2%, respectively; P = 0.003) compared to CS. No difference in apparent NDF digestibility for additives and roughage source was observed. Animals fed Crina® RumistarTM had lower acetate concentration (P = 0.01) compared to MON on time 9, 12, 15, 18 and 21 hours. Animals fed CS had higher acetate:propionate (P = 0.03) compared to SB at all collection times–24 hours. Ruminal ammonia-nitrogen was lower (P = 0.01) in animals fed Crina® RumistarTM compared to MON. To use Crina® RumistarTM increased DM intake and decreased ruminal ammonia-nitrogen compared to monensin, suggesting a higher CP by-passing the rumen. Crina® RumistarTM increased DM intake without negative impacts on nutrients digestibility, regardless roughage source, thus a higher amount of nutrients reaches the intestine to be absorbed and animal performance can be increased.

scholarly journals REPLACEMENT OF TIFTON 85 HAY WITH MANIÇOBA HAY IN THE SPINELESS CACTUS DIET OF SHEEP1 2

2021 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 219-227
Author(s):  
FRANCICLEIDE MARIA DE SOUZA CHARLL SANTOS ◽  
DORGIVAL MORAIS DE LIMA JÚNIOR ◽  
DANIEL BARROS CARDOSO ◽  
MICHEL DO VALE MACIEL ◽  
FRANCISCO FERNANDO RAMOS DE CARVALHO
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Intake ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Protein Digestibility ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Fatty Acid Production ◽  
Insoluble Fibre ◽  
Four Levels

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of replacing Tifton 85 hay with maniçoba hay in diets based on spineless cactus on the nutrient intake and digestibility, ingestive behaviour and ruminal parameters of confined sheep. In order to do this, eight male sheep with ruminal cannulae were used, distributed across four levels (0, 333, 666 and 1.000 g kg-1 of dry matter) of replacement of Tifton 85 hay with maniçoba hay in a double Latin square experimental design. The animals were confined for 60 days divided into four periods of 15 days. The replacement of Tifton 85 hay with maniçoba hay did not influence the dry matter intake or digestibility. However, it influenced in a positive linear fashion the intake of non-fibrous carbohydrates and in a linear negative fashion the digestibility of insoluble fibre in neutral detergent and crude protein. The ruminal ammonia-nitrogen and the crude protein ruminal content decreased linearly with the replacement of Tifton 85 hay with maniçoba hay. There was no effect of hay replacement on the production of volatile fatty acids or the microbial biofilm. The total replacement Tifton 85 by maniçoba hay in spineless cactus diets for sheep did not influence total digestible nutrient intake, volatile fatty acid production or biofilm, but did affect crude protein digestibility, ammonia-nitrogen and crude protein content in the rumen. Therefore, maniçoba hay can replace 300 g kg-1 grass hay in spineless cactus diets for sheep without compromising intake and ruminal parameters.

scholarly journals Passage of nutrients into the duodenum and their postruminal digestion in cows fed crushed and ground maize

2011 ◽  
Vol 49 (No. 5) ◽  
pp. 190-198
Author(s):  
Z. Čerešňáková ◽  
M. Chrenková ◽  
A. Sommer
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Protein Digestibility ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Starch Degradation ◽  
Ruminal Degradation ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Mean Concentration

In an in vivo experiment the 2 × 2 Latin square method and Cr as a marker were used to determine ruminal degradation and postruminal digestion of nutrients from a feed ration containing 3 kg of crushed or ground maize (CM vs. GM). The experiment included 4 cows with rumen fistulae and duodenal T-cannulae. Amino acid passage to the duodenum was also determined. The mean concentration of ammonia nitrogen in the rumen fluid was 11.6 ± 6.22 and 11.5 ± 6.41 mg/100 ml in the CM and GM ration, respectively. Crushing considerably decreased starch degradation in the rumen where starch passage reached 33.5% with CM and only 21.5% with GM. Both post-ruminal (82.2% vs. 85.5%) and total digestibility of starch (94.0% vs. 96.8%) was high. The passage of other nutrients was not influenced by crushing. With both feed rations higher amounts of crude protein and amino acids passed to the duodenum than were ingested (127.8% vs. 130.4% and 118.1% vs. 124.5%, respectively). In comparison with intake the highest increase was observed in essential lysine (156.5% and 165.0%, respectively) and glycine (261.1% and 280.2%, respectively). Apparent crude protein digestibility was at the level of 68.5% (CM) and 67.2% (GM).  

scholarly journals Inclusion of copaiba oil (Copaifera sp.) as additive in supplements for cattle on pasture

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 178-192
Author(s):  
Fabiola Espindola Ortega de Lima ◽  
Rafael Henrique de Tonissi e Buschinelli de Goes ◽  
Jefferson Rodrigues Gandra ◽  
Diego dos Santos Penha ◽  
Raquel Tenório de Oliveira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Polynomial Regression ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Microbial Protein ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Microbial Protein Synthesis ◽  
Ruminal Ph ◽  
Copaiba Oil

SUMMARY This study analyzed the effect of including copaiba oil as an additive for cattle supplemented on pasture, during the dry season. Four crossbred steers, castrated, with 245 ± 25 kg, aged about 18 months, fitted with permanent rumen cannula; were randomly assigned to a 4×4 Latin square. All animals were housed in individual paddocks (0.3 ha), uniformly covered with Brachiaria brizantha cv Marandu, with through and drinking fountain; and were given a concentrate at 500g/100 kg BW containing 380 g/kg crude protein (%DM). The copaiba oil was added to the supplement as a spray, in the proportions of 0, 0.5; 1.0 and 1.5 g/kg DM intake. Spraying supplementation was performed daily at the time of supply of the supplement. Data of intake and digestibility of nutrients, ruminal pH; ruminal ammonia nitrogen, and microbial protein synthesis were tested by analysis of variance and polynomial regression, adopting a significance level of 5%. The inclusion of copaiba oil quadratically affected total dry matter intake (P=0.030) and CP digestibility (P=0.043), without altering ruminal metabolism (P>0.05) and microbial protein synthesis (P>0.05) of the animals kept on pasture.

scholarly journals PSXII-30 The combination of essential oils and exogenous amylases reduces fecal starch of feedlot finishing cattle fed different roughage sources

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 429-429
Author(s):  
Laura B Toseti ◽  
Rodrigo Goulard ◽  
Vinícius Gouvêa ◽  
Tiago S Acedo ◽  
Guilherme S Vasconcellos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oils ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Feed Additives ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Finishing Cattle ◽  
Starch Concentration ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Gate System ◽  
Period Data ◽  
Corn Grain

Abstract Eighty-eight feedlot finishing Nellore bulls (358 ± 38.5 kg BW) were used in a randomized block design (initial BW) with a 2×2 factorial arrangement to test the effects of two feed additives (MON - Sodium Monensin, 26 mg/kg DM vs. Crina®RumistarTM - combination of blend of essential oils - 90 mg/kg DM + exogenous α-amylase - 560 mg/ kg DM; DSM Produtos Nutricionais Brasil S.A.) and two roughage sources (CS - corn silage vs. SB - sugarcane bagasse) on fecal starch. Animals were adapted to the high grain diets, starting with 20% of physically effective NDF of each roughage source, and gradually decreased to 10% after 20-d. Final diets contained 19.5% CS or 12% SB, corn grain (70.7 and 78.2% for CS and SB diets, respectively), 5.5% soybean meal, 4% mineral and vitamin mixture and 0.3% urea, on DM basis. Feed intake was daily recorded individually during 104 days using individual pens or Calan-gate system. To determine fecal starch concentration, feces from each animal were sampled on days 0, 58 and 85-d of the feeding period. Data were analyzed using the Mixed procedure of SAS considering roughage source, feed additives and interaction as fixed and block as random effects. No interaction between feed additives and roughage sources was observed. Animals fed CS had 20% higher DMI (P < 0.0001) than those fed SB, but roughage sources not affected (P = 0.15) fecal starch concentration. Diets containing different additives did not affect DMI (P = 0.17); however, animals fed Crina®RumistarTM had 21% lower fecal starch concentration (15.9 vs. 21.1 %DM; P = 0.01) than animals fed MON, respectively. Therefore, supplementation with Crina®RumistarTM is an effective substitute of monensin in finishing cattle fed high concentration diets regardless of roughage source, improving the use of starch by the animals and reducing its excretion, reflecting on a lower environmental impact.

Effect of supplementary crude protein level and degradability in grass silage-based diets on performance of dairy cows, and digestibility and abomasal nitrogen flow in sheep

1990 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 235-244 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. F. Cody ◽  
J. J. Murphy ◽  
D. J. Morgan
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Fish Meal ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Soya Bean ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
Bean Meal ◽  
Soya Bean Meal ◽  
Daily Intakes

ABSTRACTFour concentrate supplements differing in crude protein (CP) and undegradable protein (UDP) content were offered to 16 lactating Friesian cows together with grass silage (dry matter (DM) 196 g/kg, pH 4·38, CP 160 g/kg DM, in vitro DM digestibility 0·68)ad libitumin a Latin-square trial with 3-week periods. The supplement treatments were: (1) barley 122 g CP per kg DM, degradability (dg) 0·77; (2) barley/soya-bean meal 210 g CP per kg DM, dg 0·69; (3) barley/soya-bean meal/fish meal 190 g CP per kg DM, dg 0·61; (4) barley/soya-bean meal/fish meal 219 g CP per kg DM, dg 0·59. Supplements were given at 8 kg/day. Total daily intakes of silage (kg DM), CP and UDP (g) on treatments 1 to 4 were 7·77, 2087, 375; 8·35, 2804, 655; 8·29, 2676, 717; 8·70, 2917, 826, respectively. Milk yield (kg/day) and yields of fat, protein and lactose (g/day) on the four treatments were 21·3, 791, 617, 984; 23·0, 816, 688, 1055; 23·0, 818, 696, 1050; 23·6, 813, 735, 1071 for treatments 1 to 4 respectively. Yield and concentration of protein and lactose were significantly lower on treatment 1 than on the other treatments, while the of blood metabolites indicated treatment effects on blood glucose, non-esterified fatty acids, plasma protein and urea. Digestibility of organic matter and non-ammonia nitrogen (NAN) flow to the abomasum (g/day), measured in sheep given a fixed silage/supplement ratio at maintenance, were 0·81 and 18·4, 0·81 and 20·8, 0·82 and 21·4, 0·82 and 22·4 for treatments 1 to 4 respectively. The NAN flow was significantly greater on treatment 4 than on treatment 1.

scholarly journals Effect of sorghum tannins in sheep fed with high-concentrate diets

2013 ◽  
Vol 65 (6) ◽  
pp. 1759-1766 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.L.S. Cabral Filho ◽  
A.L. Abdalla ◽  
I.C.S. Bueno ◽  
S.P. Gobbo ◽  
A.A.M. Oliveira
Keyword(s):  
Condensed Tannins ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Nitrogen Retention ◽  
Protein Digestibility ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Microbial Nitrogen ◽  
Protein Supply ◽  
Mn Concentration

The aim of this study was to evaluate the nutritional value of three sorghum cultivars with different concentrations of condensed tannins in sheep diets. Six adult sheep (LW=56kg) with rumen and duodenal fistulas were assigned to experimental groups using two 3x3 Latin Square designs. The diets were formulated using three sorghum cultivars: LTC (low-tannin cultivar), MTC (medium-tannin cultivar) and HTC (high-tannin cultivar). Microbial nitrogen (MN) concentration in the duodenum was measured using a 15N trace technique. LTC, MTC and HTC diets presented values of 788, 722 and 747 (SE=20.6) g kg-1 for dry matter digestibility and 633, 535 and 530 (SE=35.8) g/kg for crude protein digestibility. The LTC diet was significantly different from the other diets (P<0.05). The nitrogen balance was 145.5, 94.8 and 83.8g kg-1 (SE=13.0) for LTC, MTC and HTC, respectively, with LTC showing greater nitrogen retention (P<0.05). Values obtained for MN in the digesta were 301, 364 and 469 (SE=30.6) g kg-1 for LTC, MTC and HTC, respectively, and there was no statistical difference (P>0.05) between the diets. The presence of condensed tannins in the sorghum interfered with the sheep's nitrogen retention; however, the microbial protein supply to the duodenum of the animals was not inhibited.

scholarly journals Effects of feeding polydextrose on faecal characteristics, microbiota and fermentative end products in healthy adult dogs

2011 ◽  
Vol 108 (4) ◽  
pp. 638-644 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alison N. Beloshapka ◽  
Amanda K. Wolff ◽  
Kelly S. Swanson
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Healthy Adult ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Protein Digestibility ◽  
Microbial Populations ◽  
Body Weight Data ◽  
End Products ◽  
Maintain Body Weight ◽  
Quadratic Effects ◽  
Weight Data

Polydextrose is a potential prebiotic, but has not been well tested in dogs. Thus, the objective of the present study was to determine the effects of polydextrose on faecal characteristics, microbial populations and fermentative end products in healthy adult dogs. A total of eight adult hound dogs (3·5 (sem0·5) years; 20 (sem0·5) kg) were randomly allotted to one of four test diets containing the following concentrations of polydextrose: (1) 0 % (control); (2) 0·5 %; (3) 1·0 %; or (4) 1·5 %. A Latin square design was used, with each treatment period lasting 14 d (days 0–10 adaptation; days 11–14 fresh and total faecal collection). All dogs were fed to maintain body weight. Data were evaluated for linear and quadratic effects using SAS software. Although apparent total tract DM digestibility was unaffected, total tract crude protein digestibility tended to decrease (P < 0·10) linearly with increasing dietary polydextrose concentrations. Fresh faecal DM percentage tended to decrease (P < 0·10) linearly, while faecal scores increased (P < 0·05; looser stools) with increasing dietary concentrations of polydextrose. Faecal acetate, propionate and total SCFA concentrations increased (P < 0·05) linearly with increased dietary polydextrose. Faecal pH decreased (P < 0·05) linearly with increasing polydextrose. Faecal indole tended to decrease (P < 0·10) linearly with increasing polydextrose, but other faecal protein catabolites were not changed. FaecalClostridium perfringenslinearly decreased (P < 0·05) with increasing dietary polydextrose concentrations, butEscherichia coli,Lactobacillusspp. andBifidobacteriumspp. were not affected. Based on the present results, polydextrose appears to act as a highly fermentable fibre, but requires further research to test its potential as a prebiotic in dogs.

Duckweed (Landoltia punctata) in dog diets decreases digestibility but improves stool consistency

2013 ◽  
Vol 53 (11) ◽  
pp. 1188 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Y. Brown ◽  
M. Choct ◽  
J. R. Pluske
Keyword(s):  
Present Experiment ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Protein Digestibility ◽  
Protein Source ◽  
Stool Consistency ◽  
Exogenous Enzyme ◽  
Gross Energy ◽  
Novel Protein

In the present experiment, duckweed is evaluated as a novel protein source for dogs by incorporating Landoltia punctata into dog diets at 10%, 20% and 30%. The inclusion of duckweed resulted in significant (P < 0.001) linear decreases in DM, gross energy and crude protein digestibility. The addition of the exogenous enzyme phytase significantly (P = 0.03) improved crude protein digestibility in the diet of 30% duckweed inclusion. The inclusion of duckweed in the diets had no significant effect on palatability, but resulted in firmer stools (P = 0.003).

252 Effects of Increasing Urea in Corn Silage Diets and Duration of Ensiling on the Rumen Undegradable Protein Content of Corn Silage

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 125-126
Author(s):  
Tyler Spore ◽  
Melissa L Jolly-Breithaupt ◽  
Nolan Meier ◽  
Galen E Erickson ◽  
Terry J Klopfenstein ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Storage Time ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Corn Silage ◽  
Acid Detergent Fiber ◽  
Rumen Undegradable Protein ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Urea Inclusion ◽  
Corn Grain

Abstract Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of increasing urea in a corn silage cattle diet and ensiling time (ET) impact on rumen undegradable crude protein (RUP) content of corn silage. In Exp. 1, ten ruminally- and duodenally cannulated heifers (body weight 265 ± 16 kg) were utilized in a 4 × 4 Latin square design and treatments were urea included at 0, 0.5, 1, or 1.5% of dietary dry matter (DM). In Exp. 2, corn silage samples were collected during feedout at 32-d intervals from the time of ensiling (d 0) to 160 d post-ensiling followed by separation in water to forage and grain components. Forage and grain samples were ruminally incubated in two steers to calculate RUP content of corn silage. In Exp. 1, DM intake increased linearly from 5.7 to 6.8 kg/d as urea inclusion increased (P &lt; 0.001). Apparent total tract digestibility of DM and organic matter increased linearly from 55.8% to 60.8%, and 60.1% to 64.9%, respectively (P &lt; 0.001). Total tract digestibility of neutral and acid detergent fiber increased linearly with increasing urea inclusion (P ≤ 0.004). In Exp. 2, the RUP content of the corn grain component decreased from 43.7% of CP at day 0 to 15.8% and 10.0% of CP after 32 and 96 d of ensiling, respectively (quadratic, P &lt; 0.01). The RUP content of the forage averaged 19.3% of CP across ET ranging from 21.5 to 17.8% of CP (P ≥ 0.28). Estimated from the individual components, the RUP content of whole corn silage decreased from 32% to 17.1% of CP after 160 d in storage, a portion of which is digestible. Urea supplementation improved digestibility of corn silage diets and RUP content of corn silage decreased with storage time, primarily driven by changes in the corn grain component.

Rumen microbial counts and in vivo digestibility in buffaloes and cattle given different diets

2002 ◽  
Vol 75 (2) ◽  
pp. 323-329 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Puppo ◽  
S. Bartocci ◽  
S. Terramoccia ◽  
F. Grandoni ◽  
A. Amici
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Protein Digestibility ◽  
Rumen Content ◽  
Crude Protein Content ◽  
Bacterial Counts ◽  
Microbial Counts

AbstractRuminal bacterial counts and in vivo digestibility were determined on four Mediterranean buffalo bulls and four Friesian bulls, all fistulated at the rumen, and given at maintenance level (50 g/kg M0·75 per day of dry matter) four different diets with the same crude protein content (N ✕ 6·25 = 140 g/kg dry matter) and with forage: concentrate ratios as follows: diet D12·5 = 0·875: 0·125; diet D25·0 = 0·75: 0·25; diet D37·5 = 0·625: 0·375; diet D50·0 = 0·5: 0·5. All the animals received the diets during four consecutive periods in a Latin-square design. Buffaloes had higher total microbial counts (10·78 v. 10·08 log10cells per g dry rumen content, P < 0·01) as compared with cattle; differences in total ruminal bacterial counts among the diets were only observed within the buffalo species (diet D12·5 v. diets D25·0, D37·5, D50·0: 10·04 v. 10·92, 10·98, 11·17 log10cells per g dry rumen content, P 0·01) and when comparing the two species for each diet, significantly higher values for bacterial counts in buffaloes were found for diets D25·0: 10·92 v. 10·28 (P 0·05), D37·5: 10·98 v. 10·08 (P 0·01) and D50·0: 11·17 v. 9·76 (P 0·01) log10cells per g dry rumen content. Cattle showed significantly higher digestibility values for: organic matter (0·696 v. 0·676, P 0·05), neutral-detergent fibre (NDF; 0·548 v. 0·511, P 0·05) and cellulose (0·621 v. 0 · 509, P 0·01), while the crude protein digestibility (CPD) values were similar (0·667 and 0·671). Comparing the two species for each diet, cattle showed significantly higher digestibility values for organic matter in diet D50·0 only (0·714 v. 0·688, P 0·01), for NDF in diet D12·5 only (0·578 v. 0·531, P 0·05) and for cellulose in all diets (0·660 v. 0·546, 0·630 v. 0·525, 0·605 v. 0·505, 0·588 v. 0·460, P 0·01); in contrast buffaloes showed higher values of the CPD for diet D12·5 (0·662 v. 0·632, P 0·05).

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