Influence of dietary flavours on sheep feeding behaviour and nutrient digestibility

2015 ◽  
Vol 55 (5) ◽  
pp. 634
Author(s):  
J. J. Villalba ◽  
A. Mereu ◽  
I. R. Ipharraguerre
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Eating Behaviour ◽  
Protein Digestibility ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Feeding Pattern ◽  
Nutrient Utilisation ◽  
Acid Detergent Fibre ◽  
Food Digestibility ◽  
Beet Pulp

The aim of the present study was to assess whether the feeding pattern displayed by sheep exposed to a monotonous ration is modified when the same ration is presented in a diversity of flavours and if such diversity influences nutrient intake and digestibility. Twelve commercial crossbred wether lambs were assigned to two groups. Six lambs/period (three lambs/group.period) were housed in metabolic crates during two successive periods. One group of lambs (Diversity, D) was fed simultaneously an unflavoured ration of alfalfa, barley, beet pulp and urea (55 : 35 : 9 : 1) and the same ration supplemented (0.2%) with one of the following two flavours: (1) sweet, and (2) umami. The other group (Monotony, M) received only the unflavoured ration. All animals were fed their respective rations ad libitum from 0800 hours to 1600 hours for 26 days in each period. Day 19 was used for assessing the lamb feeding pattern every 30 min for 8 h, and the last 6 days of the period were used for estimating in vivo food digestibility. Lambs in D tended to ingest more acid detergent fibre (ADF; P = 0.10) and to have a lower crude protein digestibility (P = 0.08) than did lambs in M. Nevertheless, average daily DM intake did not differ between treatments (P = 0.22) and lambs in M and D digested the same amount of DM, neutral detergent fibre, ADF and N (P > 0.10). Flavour diversity did not affect N retained, N retained/N consumed, or ruminal pH 1 h after feeding (P > 0.10). Lambs in D showed greater intakes than did those in M during 30 (P = 0.006), 60 (P = 0.02), 90 (P = 0.02), 120 (P = 0.04) and 180 min (P = 0.07) after offering the rations. Results suggest that changes in eating behaviour occurred only during the first part of the feeding period, leading to slight changes in ADF intake and crude protein digestibility, which did not impact nutrient utilisation.

scholarly journals Zinc and/or Selenium Enriched Spirulina as Antioxidants in Growing Rabbit Diets to Alleviate the Deleterious Impacts of Heat Stress during Summer Season

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 756
Author(s):  
Fawzia Hassan ◽  
Samia Mobarez ◽  
Manal Mohamed ◽  
Youssef Attia ◽  
Aml Mekawy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Antioxidant Status ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Ldl Cholesterol ◽  
White Male ◽  
Protein Digestibility ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Plasma Total Cholesterol ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Diet Control

Effects of dietary supplemental zinc and/ or selenium enriched spirulina (Zn-Sp, Se-Sp and Zn-Se-Sp, respectively) as antioxidants on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, plasma biochemicals and antioxidant status of growing rabbits under summer conditions were evaluated. A total of 160 New Zealand White male rabbits at six-weeks-old were randomly assigned to four groups. The first group received untreated diet (control). The other groups received diet supplemented with 100 mg Zn-Sp/kg diet, 0.5 mg Se-Sp/kg diet or 100 mg Zn-Sp+ 0.5 mg Se-Sp, respectively. The findings showed that the supplemented diets enhanced growth performance of rabbits at marketing. Rabbits fed Zn-Sp exhibited high dry and organic matter digestibilities while those fed Zn-Sp and Zn-Se-Sp diet supplemented achieved high crude protein digestibility. Rabbits fed diet supplemented with Zn-Se-Sp gave the highest hot carcass weight when competed with their counterparts. Zn-Sp and Zn-Se-Sp supplemented diets tended to promote dressing percentage. Low concentrations of plasma total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol and VLDL-cholesterol were recorded by Se-Sp and Zn-Se-Sp groups. Rabbits fed Se-Sp, Zn-Se-Sp had the greatest HDL, plasma TAC and catalase and the lowest TBARs. Conclusively, dietary supplementation of 100 mg Zn-Sp, 0.5 mg Se-Sp or their combination could improve growth performance, nutrients digestibility and antioxidant status of heat stressed growing rabbits.

Effect of salinomycin and enzyme supplementation on nutrient digestibility and the performance of pigs fed barley- or rye-based diets

1992 ◽  
Vol 72 (1) ◽  
pp. 117-125 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. A. Thacker ◽  
G. L. Campbell ◽  
J. W. D. GrootWassink
Keyword(s):  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Protein Digestibility ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Beta Glucanase ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Crossbred Pigs

Two experiments of a factorial design (sex × treatment) were conducted to determine the effects of enzyme and salinomycin supplementation on the nutritive value of barley or rye-based diets for growing pigs fed from approximately 20 to 85 kg. For exp. 1, 72 crossbred pigs were fed either a barley-based control diet or a similar diet supplemented with enzyme (Aspergillus niger; 750 units g−1 beta-glucanase and 650 units g−1 pentosanase), salinomycin (25 ppm) or both additives in combination. For exp. 2, two replicates of 48 pigs were fed either a barley-based diet, an unsupplemented rye-based diet or a rye-based diet supplemented with enzyme, salinomycin or both additives. During both experiments, chromic oxide (0.5%) was added to the diet of four to six pigs/treatment to act as a digestibility indicator starting when the pigs reached 42 kg. Neither enzyme nor salinomycin, alone or in combination, significantly improved the growth rate or feed efficiency of pigs fed barley or rye. Supplementation of barley with the combination of additives significantly (P < 0.05) improved protein digestibility while neither enzyme nor salinomycin had any effect on nutrient digestibility when fed alone. In rye-based diets, salinomycin, both alone and in combination, significantly (P < 0.05) improved the digestibility of crude protein and energy. Dry matter digestibility of the rye-based diets was unaffected by treatment. Key words: Swine, rye, barley, beta-glucanase, pentosanase, salinomycin

scholarly journals Feed intake, nutrient utilisation and growth performance of West African dwarf rams fed silage combinations of maize forage and Mucuna pruriens foliage

2021 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 354-365
Author(s):  
B. O. Alabi ◽  
T. O. Ososanya
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
West African ◽  
Mucuna Pruriens ◽  
Weight Changes ◽  
West African Dwarf ◽  
Standard Procedures ◽  
Nutrient Utilisation

Crude protein is essentially needed for ruminants but expensive to supply. Mucuna puriens is a high yielding domesticated legume. When the legume is strategically combined with a fibre source, it will make a good diet for ruminants. Thus, a study was carried out to assess the effect of ensiling mucuna with maize forage on performance of rams. In the study, rams were fed silage combinations of Maize Forage (MF) and Mucuna pruriens foliage (MPF). Downy mildew and streak resistant (DMR-SR) yellow variety maize was planted and harvested as MF at six weeks of growth and ensiled with MPF at four levels : 1:0, 3:1, 1:1 and 1:3 for 21 days. All the four silages were fed to 20 WAD rams (12.00±0.25 Kg) in a completely randomised design for 105 days. Proximate composition of the silages, apparent nutrient digestibility of silages in WAD rams, feed intake and weight changes were determined using standard procedures, while feed conversion ratio was computed using standard procedures. Data obtained were analysed using descriptive statistics and ANOVA at α0.05...The dry matter (DM) was significantly higher in T1 (25.65±0.62) and T2 (23.48±0.47) than T3 (21.80±0.41) and T4 (21.57±0.40). The crude protein (CP) was highest in T4 (13.0±0.6) and least in T1 (8.0±0.2). The crude fibre was significantly higher in T1 (26.4±2.6) and T2 (26.2±2.0) than T3 (24.0±1.8) and T4 (21.6±0.9). Apparent digestibility of neutral detergent fibre (NDF) was highest in T2 (59.2±1.7) and least in T4 (37.7±1.9), while percentage nitrogen retention was significantly higher in T2 (43.2±3.8) and lower in T1 (20.0±4.3). The FCR for rams fed T2 was significantly lower (8.84±1.2) than T1 (9.76±0.80), T3 (9.60 ±0.60) and T4 (11.50±0.90) Ensiling maize forage with Mucuna pruriens foliage at 3:1 enhanced nutrient digestibility and growth performance in West African dwarf rams without any deleterious effect.

PSV-B-26 Performance of sunflower protein meal and dried yeast as secondary protein sources in feline diets

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 334-335
Author(s):  
Lauren Brewer ◽  
Matthew Panasevich ◽  
Nolan Frantz ◽  
Leighann Daristotle
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Protein Digestibility ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Crude Fiber ◽  
Protein Meal ◽  
Protein Sources ◽  
Alternative Protein ◽  
Sunflower Protein ◽  
Adult Cats ◽  
Post Hoc

Abstract The objectives of this study were to assess graded inclusions of sunflower protein meal (SPM; crude protein: 54%, crude fat: 11%, crude fiber: 4%) and dried yeast (DY; crude protein: 50%, crude fat: 3%, crude fiber: 2%) on nutrient digestibility, stool quality, and palatability in adult cats. Both SPM and DY were included at 5% and 10% in replacement of pea protein in a high-protein, chicken-based feline diet to maintain equal macronutrient concentrations across all test diets (formulated to 41% crude protein, 18% crude fat, 3% crude fiber). The study was approved and followed by the facility’s Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee. A standard 2-bowl palatability test over a 2-day period was executed with adult cats (n = 30 each) to determine intake ratios between test diets (5% and 10% SPM or 5% and 10% DY), and test diets vs. control. Total tract nutrient digestibility was evaluated (n = 8 per diet) with 5 days of diet acclimation followed by 5 days of total fecal collection. Stool quality was evaluated on a 1–5 scale, where 1 = hard/formed and 5 = non-formed/diarrhea. All data were analyzed by ANOVA (SAS v9.4) and T-tests post-hoc (Minitab 18). Palatability and stool quality were similar (P &gt; 0.05) between all diets. Protein digestibility was lower for DY-containing diets, compared with control (5% DY at P = 0.0083 and 10% DY at P = 0.0336), but not significantly different for SPM diets (P &gt; 0.05). However, average protein digestibility was &gt;88% across all diets. The alternative protein sources tested showed merit for inclusion to diversify ingredient sources while maintaining palatability in cat diets.

scholarly journals Prediction of crude protein digestibility of animal by-product meals for dogs by the protein solubility in pepsin method

2014 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iris M. Kawauchi ◽  
Nilva K. Sakomura ◽  
Cristiana F. F. Pontieri ◽  
Aline Rebelato ◽  
Thaila C. Putarov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Protein Solubility ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Protein Digestibility ◽  
Large Variability ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractAnimal by-product meals have large variability in crude protein (CP) content and digestibility. In vivo digestibility procedures are precise but laborious, and in vitro methods could be an alternative to evaluate and classify these ingredients. The present study reports prediction equations to estimate the CP digestibility of meat and bone meal (MBM) and poultry by-product meal (PM) using the protein solubility in pepsin method (PSP). Total tract CP digestibility of eight MBM and eight PM samples was determined in dogs by the substitution method. A basal diet was formulated for dog maintenance, and sixteen diets were produced by mixing 70 % of the basal diet and 30 % of each tested meal. Six dogs per diet were used to determine ingredient digestibility. In addition, PSP of the MBM and PM samples was determined using three pepsin concentrations: 0·02, 0·002 and 0·0002 %. The CP content of MBM and PM ranged from 39 to 46 % and 57 to 69 %, respectively, and their mean CP digestibility by dogs was 76 (2·4) and 85 (2·6) %, respectively. The pepsin concentration with higher Pearson correlation coefficients with the in vivo results were 0·0002 % for MBM (r 0·380; P = 0·008) and 0·02 % for PM (r 0·482; P = 0·005). The relationship between the in vivo and in vitro results was better explained by the following equations: CP digestibility of MBM = 61·7 + 0·2644 × PSP at 0·0002 % (P = 0·008; R2 0·126); and CP digestibility of PM = 54·1 + 0·3833 × PSP at 0·02 % (P = 0·005; R2 0·216). Although significant, the coefficients of determination were low, indicating that the models were weak and need to be used with caution.

scholarly journals In vitro solubility of meat and bone meal protein with different pepsin concentrations

2000 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 489-492 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cláudio Bellaver ◽  
Dirceu Luís Zanotto ◽  
Antônio Lourenço Guidoni ◽  
Claudete Hara Klein
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Protein Digestibility ◽  
Enzyme Concentration ◽  
Asymptotic Model ◽  
Meat And Bone Meal ◽  
Bone Meal ◽  
Meal Protein ◽  
Protein Origin

In vitro protein digestibility of protein sources has been correlated with in vivo digestibility values. However, factors like protein origin, enzyme used and its concentration, pH and processing have been related with the significance of the correlation between the estimates. To address only the enzyme concentration factor, this paper had the objective of testing pepsin at 0.2, 0.02, 0.002 and 0.0002% using the standard AOAC (1995) procedure. Two meat and bone meals (MBM) with low and high crude protein (CP) content were used to determine the coefficient of solubility of CP in pepsin and HCl (CSCPPEPH). Centrifugation was used to establish the nitrogen (N) in the soluble phase, instead of filtration and analysis of N in the residue. The variance analysis and a non-linear asymptotic model were adjusted. The CSCPPEPH under different pepsin concentrations for the two MBM showed higher solubility discrimination with low pepsin concentration. The level of 0.0002% pepsin is better to predict the CP soluble in MBM. This finding implies the assumption that 0.2% pepsin found in the AOAC is not correct for the purpose of determining the range of solubility in high and low CP content in MBM.

scholarly journals The mobile bag technique as a method for determining the degradation of four botanically diverse fibrous feedstuffs in the small intestine and total digestive tract of ponies

2002 ◽  
Vol 88 (6) ◽  
pp. 729-740 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. J. S. Moore-Colyer ◽  
J. J. Hyslop ◽  
A. C. Longland ◽  
D. Cuddeford
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Digestive Tract ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Sugar Beet Pulp ◽  
Oat Hulls ◽  
Acid Detergent Fibre ◽  
Beet Pulp ◽  
Naked Oats

Anin saccomobile bag technique was used to determine the rate and extent of disappearance of unmolassed sugar-beet pulp, soyabean hulls, hay cubes and an oat hull–naked oats mixture (67:33, w/w) in the foregut and total digestive tract of ponies. Ponies were administered naso-gastrically polyester mesh bags (60×10×10 mm) containing 350 mg feed, in a 3×4 Latin square design. Bags were collected at the ileo-caecal junction (small intestine bag, SIB) and in the faeces (faecal bag, FB) and their residues analysed for proximate constituents and NSP composition and content. DM disappearances from individual bags were fitted to degradation profiles () and effective degradability values determined. Significant differences (P<0·05) in DM, organic matter and crude protein (N×6·25) losses from SIB were noted between feeds with hay cubes and oat hulls–naked oats > sugar-beet pulp and soyabean hulls. Acid-detergent fibre, neutral-detergent fibre and NSP disappearances were small and varied little between feeds. In contrast, FB losses showed significant (P<0·05) differences for all constituents measured with sugar-beet pulp > soyabean hulls > hay cubes > oat hulls–naked oats. Crude protein losses from sugar-beet pulp and soyabean hulls in FB were significantly higher (P<0·05) than from SIB. FB degradation curves showed degradation to be affected by bag residence time with sugar-beet pulp > soyabean hulls and the effective degradability showed that significantly more (P<0·05) sugar-beet pulp was lost at 40.0 and 60.0 h than for the other three feeds. These results show that sugar-beet pulp and soyabean hulls are rapidly degraded by ponies and could be used as alternatives to hay in equid rations. However, the foregut availability of crude protein from sugar-beet pulp is poor, so a readily digestible source of crude protein should be offered to animals with high protein demands when diets are based on sugar-beet pulp.

scholarly journals Intestinal morphology and growth performance of the Indonesian indigenous crossbred chickens supplemented with formic acid and Saccharomyces cerevisiae

2020 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 348-355
Author(s):  
S. N. Erya ◽  
H. I. Wahyuni ◽  
T. Yudiarti ◽  
E. Widiastuti ◽  
S. Sugiharto
Keyword(s):  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Formic Acid ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Protein Digestibility ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Intestinal Morphology ◽  
Intestinal Ecology

The study investigated gut ecology and morphology of the Indonesian indigenous crossbred chickens (IICC) supplemented with the combination of formic acid and Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Two hundreds day-old IICC were distributed to T0 (control diet), T1 (T0 + 0.2% formic acid), T2 (T0 + 0.3% S. cerevisiae), T3 (T0 + 0.2% formic acid and 0.3% S. cerevisiae). Excreta was collected at week 8, while intestinal ecology and morphology were determined at week 9. In duodenum, T3 chicks showed higher and wider (P<0.05) villi. The T2 and T3 chicks showed deeper (P<0.05) crypt than that of T0. The jejunal villi was higher (P<0.05) in T3 than in T0. The T3 chicks had deeper (P<0.05) crypt compared to other groups. In ileum, the villi height was lowest (P<0.05) in T0. The crypt was deeper (P<0.05) in T3 than in other. Crude protein digestibility coefficient was highest (P<0.05), while fecal protein was loswest (P<0.05) in T1 than in other groups. Compared to T0, the treated IICC showed higher (P<0.05) weight gain and feed intake with T3 had the highest gain and intake but gain:feed rasio was the lowest (P>0.05). IIn conclusion, the inclusion of formic acid and S. cerevisiae in diets improved intestinal ecology and morphology. The IICC chickens fed with formic acid and S. cerevisiae exhibited improved growth performance and nutrient digestibility. 

scholarly journals PENGARUH RANSUM YANG MENGANDUNG LIMBAH TAUGE FERMENTASI TERHADAP KECERNAAN SERAT KASAR, PROTEIN KASAR DAN ENERGI METABOLIS PADA ITIK LOKAL FASE STARTER

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 77
Author(s):  
Galuh Arum Pangestu ◽  
R.I. Pujaningsih ◽  
I. Mangisah
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Protein Digestibility ◽  
Metabolic Energy ◽  
Crude Fiber ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Bean Sprout ◽  
Fiber Digestibility ◽  
Feed Tray ◽  
Bean Sprouts

This research aimed to reviewing level of bean sprout fermented used in duck diet against crude fiber digestibility, crude protein digestibility and metabolic energy of diet. The research was proccessed using Complete Random Design (CRD) with four treatments and four replications. The parameters observed were crude fiber digestibility, crude protein digestibility and metabolic energy. The research material used was 48 male ducks with starter phase, treatment diet, flock cage, battery cage, feed tray, water tube, HCl, plasctic tray, scales, hygrometer, a set of proximate and gross energy analysis equipment.  The research method consits two stages, the first stage was fermented of bean sprouts using 6% of Trichoderma harzianum for six days. The second phase was in vivo method with addition of bean sprout fermented in diet respectively T0 0%, T1 5%, T2 10% and T3 15%. The result data was tested by F test based on analysis of varians and if there was significant effect of treatment (P<0.05) followed by the test of least significance defferent (LSD). The result of effect of diet containing bean sprouts fermented were no affected (P>0.05) the crude fiber digestibility, crude protein digestibility and metabolic energy for starter phase of local ducks. Keywords : Bean Sprouts, Digestibility, Duck, Fermentation, Tricodherma harzianum.

scholarly journals Effect of cowpea (Vigna Unguiculata (L.) Walp) Stover dietary inclusion level on total tract apparent digestibility of nutrients in growing rabbits

2019 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 15
Author(s):  
Ederson Américo Andrade ◽  
Miguel António Machado Rodrigues ◽  
Luis Ribeiro ◽  
Clayton Quirino Mendes ◽  
Luis Miguel Mendes Ferreira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Protein Digestibility ◽  
Negative Influence ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Apparent Digestibility ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Gross Energy ◽  
Digestible Protein

Although agro-industrial co-products have low economic value as foods for human consumption, they may have potential value as animal feedstuffs. This experiment was carried out to evaluate the effect of cowpea stover inclusion in rabbits’ diet on growth performance and nutrient digestibility. A total of 180 animals were randomly assigned to 3 treatments (CS0, CS2 or CS4, with no inclusion, 20 or 40 g/kg of cowpea stover, respectively). Animal performance was evaluated between the 53<sup>rd</sup> and 67<sup>th</sup> d of age in 48 animals per treatment. The coefficients of total tract apparent digestibility (CTTAD) of organic matter, crude protein, neutral detergent fibre and gross energy were measured between 63 to 67 d of age in 12 animals per treatment. Results showed that, in general, CTTAD values were not affected by the inclusion of cowpea stover. Nevertheless, a trend towards a decrease in crude protein digestibility (<em>P</em>=0.0848) was observed when including cowpea stover. This had a negative influence on digestible protein (P=0.0240) and on the ratio between digestible protein and digestible energy (<em>P</em>=0.0231) for diet CS4. Rabbits showed normal figures for growth rate (on av. 46.8 g/d), feed intake (on av. 168.3 g/d) and feed conversion ratio (on av. 3.61). Future studies should assess the possibility of incorporating higher levels of cowpea stover while analysing the economic impact of this inclusion.

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