Novel marine polysaccharides and maternal nutrition to stimulate gut health and performance in post-weaned pigs

2017 ◽  
Vol 57 (12) ◽  
pp. 2376 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. V. O'Doherty ◽  
M. A. Bouwhuis ◽  
T. Sweeney
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Maternal Nutrition ◽  
Maternal Diet ◽  
Feed Additives ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Gut Health ◽  
Terrestrial Plants ◽  
Growth Promoters ◽  
Susceptibility To Infection ◽  
Antibiotic Growth Promoters

Post-weaning complications in piglets are characterised by a reduction in feed intake and growth, atrophy of small-intestine architecture, upregulation of intestinal inflammatory cytokines, alterations in gastrointestinal microflora, diarrhoea and heightened susceptibility to infection. Traditional measures to reduce weaning-associated intestinal dysfunction have centred on dietary inclusion of antibiotic growth promoters in weaning pig diets, or high concentrations of dietary minerals in the form of zinc oxide. However, these strategies are under scrutiny because of their role in promoting multi-drug resistant bacteria and the accumulation of minerals in the environment. Up to recently, the main focus on finding alternatives to in-feed antibiotic growth promoters has been on dietary manipulations post-weaning, through the use of feed additives in the post-weaning diet. However, there are also other strategies that could enhance the growth and health of the newly weaned pig. One of these strategies is the use of maternal nutrition to improve growth and health in her offspring. The development of the immune system begins in utero and is further developed after the colonisation of the gastrointestinal tract with microbiota during birth and post-natal life. The early establishment of this relationship is fundamental to the development and long-term maintenance of gut homeostasis. There are significant efforts being made to identify natural alternatives to support the development of the piglet gastrointestinal tract, in particular during the weaning period. Chemodiversity in nature, including microorganisms, terrestrial plants, seaweeds and marine organisms, offers a valuable source of novel bioactives. This review will discuss the development of the intestinal tract in the pig during gestation, lactation and post-weaning periods and the factors that influence intestinal health post-weaning. It will also discuss how feeding marine bioactives in both the maternal diet and the piglet diet can be used to alleviate the negative effects associated with weaning.

129 Maternal Nutrition and in Ovo Feeding Affect Gut Health and Performance of Poultry

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 68-69
Author(s):  
Rajesh Jha ◽  
Razib Das ◽  
Pravin Mishra
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Maternal Nutrition ◽  
Nutrient Utilization ◽  
Feed Additives ◽  
Poultry Production ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Gut Health ◽  
Growth Promoters ◽  
In Ovo ◽  
In Ovo Feeding

Abstract Maintaining a healthy gastrointestinal tract (GIT) is critical for better nutrient utilization, optimum performance, and overall health of poultry. Thus, several nutritional strategies have been tried to improve poultry’s gut health. More recently, different nutrients and feed additives are being used in poultry diets with some success when antibiotic growth promoters (AGP) are not an acceptable option anymore. However, effective modulation of gut health depends on the methods and timing of the compound being available to host animals. Routinely, the alternatives to AGP like prebiotics, probiotics, symbiotic, enzymes, and other nutrients are provided in feed or water to poultry. However, the GIT of the newly hatched poultry is functionally immature, despite going through significant morphological, cellular, and molecular changes toward the end of incubation. Thus, the early growth and development of GIT are of critical importance to enhance nutrients utilization and optimize the growth performance of poultry. Maternal nutrition and in ovo feeding have been used and found to be effective in improving gut health but with inconsistent results. The effects of maternal nutrition on the development and viability of embryo and post-hatch growth performance of birds are documented. However, there is limited information on how maternal nutrition affects the gut health of chicks. In contrast, information on the same from in ovo feeding of nutrients and feed additives has increased in recent years. The results show that in ovo feeding can be a good tool to modulate gut health of post-hatch birds positively. However, more information is needed on the proper route and time of inoculation, optimum doses, and effective combination of different compounds to maximize the benefits of in ovo feeding technique in poultry production.

scholarly journals Phytogenic Compounds for Enhancing Intestinal Barrier Function in Poultry–A Review

Planta Medica ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Urszula Latek ◽  
Magdalena Chłopecka ◽  
Wojciech Karlik ◽  
Marta Mendel
Keyword(s):  
Barrier Function ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Intestinal Barrier ◽  
Feed Additives ◽  
Intestinal Barrier Function ◽  
Poultry Production ◽  
Gut Health ◽  
Growth Promoters ◽  
Gut Barrier Function ◽  
Antibiotic Growth Promoters

AbstractAfter the European Union ban of antibiotic growth promoters, works on different methods of improving gut health have intensified. The poultry industry is struggling with problems that were previously controlled by antibiotic growth promoters, therefore the search for optimal solutions continues. Simultaneously, there is also increasing social pressure to minimize the use of antibiotics and replace them with alternative feed additives. A variety of available alternatives is considered safe by consumers, among which phytogenics play a significant role. However, there are still some limitations that need to be considered. The most questionable are the issues related to bioavailability, metabolism of plant derivatives in birds, and the difficulty of standardizing commercial products. There is still a need for more evidence-based recommendations for the use of phytogenics in livestock. On the other hand, a positive influence of phytogenic compounds on the health of poultry has been previously described by many researchers and practical application of these compounds has auspicious perspectives in poultry production. Supplementation with phytogenic feed additives has been shown to protect birds from various environmental threats leading to impaired intestinal barrier function. Phytogenic feed additives have the potential to improve the overall structure of intestinal mucosa as well as gut barrier function on a molecular level. Recognition of the phytogenicsʼ effect on the components of the intestinal barrier may enable the selection of the most suitable ones to alleviate negative effects of different agents. This review aims to summarize current knowledge of the influence of various phytogenic constituents on the intestinal barrier and health of poultry.

scholarly journals The Potential Role of Probiotics (nutraceuticals) in Gut Health of Domestic Animals; an Alternative to Antibiotic Growth Promoters

2019 ◽  
Vol 69 (4) ◽  
pp. 1169 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. NAWAB ◽  
W. LIU ◽  
G. LI ◽  
F. IBTISHAM ◽  
D P. FOX ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Animal Health ◽  
Scientific Information ◽  
Domestic Animals ◽  
Feed Additives ◽  
Production Performance ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
Gut Health ◽  
Growth Promoters ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Antibiotic Growth Promoters

The term gut health is currently becoming more important for domestic animals including poultry. Gut health refers to the fundamental organ system which covers multiple positive functions like effective digestion, stabilizing intestinal microbiota, gut pH and modulation of effective immune response. Gut health depends on proper balance of microbial population. A wide range of feed and pathogen associated factors influence this balance, and adversely affect the animal health status and production performance. Antibiotic stimulators have been used in farm animals to achieve maximum production. But drug resistance and residual effects of antibiotics in animal products (milk, meat and egg etc.) have raised serious issues in human life. Therefore, The European Union (EU) has strictly banned the application of antibiotic stimulators in livestock nutrition in several others countries including China. As a result, an alternative to antibiotic growth promoters are required to support the profitable and sustainable animal production system. Probiotics as nutraceuticals has been categorized as an alternative natural feed supplement for commercial utilization. Such products have been recognized as safe feed additives in animal industry. Very few studies have comparatively described the effect of probiotics on gut health of domestic animals. Therefore, the aim of this review is not only to explore the beneficial effects of probiotics in improving gut health of domestic animals as an alternative to antibiotic growth promoters, but also to evaluate the probiotics associated health and risk factors, and to provide comprehensive scientific information for researchers, scientists and commercial producers.

scholarly journals Pretreatment with probiotics ameliorate gut health and necrotic enteritis in broiler chickens, a substitute to antibiotics

AMB Express ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Danish Sharafat Rajput ◽  
Dong Zeng ◽  
Abdul Khalique ◽  
Samia Sharafat Rajput ◽  
Hesong Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Necrotic Enteritis ◽  
Poultry Production ◽  
Gut Health ◽  
Growth Promoters ◽  
Broiler Performance ◽  
Antibiotic Growth Promoters ◽  
Microbial Strains

AbstractNecrotic enteritis (NE) is being considered as one of the most important intestinal diseases in the recent poultry production systems, which causes huge economic losses globally. NE is caused by Clostridium perfringens, a pathogenic bacterium, and normal resident of the intestinal microflora of healthy broiler chickens. Gastrointestinal tract (GIT) of broiler chicken is considered as the most integral part of pathogen’s entrance, their production and disease prevention. Interaction between C. perfringens and other pathogens such as Escherichia coli and Salmonella present in the small intestine may contribute to the development of NE in broiler chickens. The antibiotic therapy was used to treat the NE; however European Union has imposed a strict ban due to the negative implications of drug resistance. Moreover, antibiotic growth promoters cause adverse effects on human health as results of withdrawal of antibiotic residues in the chicken meat. After restriction on use of antibiotics, numerous studies have been carried out to investigate the alternatives to antibiotics for controlling NE. Thus, possible alternatives to prevent NE are bio-therapeutic agents (Probiotics), prebiotics, organic acids and essential oils which help in nutrients digestion, immunity enhancement and overall broiler performance. Recently, probiotics are extensively used alternatives to antibiotics for improving host health status and making them efficient in production. The aim of review is to describe a replacement to antibiotics by using different microbial strains as probiotics such as bacteria and yeasts etc. having bacteriostatic properties which inhibit growth of pathogens and neutralize the toxins by different modes of action.

scholarly journals The Biological Activity of Monarda didyma L. Essential Oil and Its Effect as a Diet Supplement in Mice and Broiler Chicken

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (11) ◽  
pp. 3368
Author(s):  
Héloïse Côté ◽  
André Pichette ◽  
Alexis St-Gelais ◽  
Jean Legault
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Antibacterial Properties ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Growth Promoters ◽  
Antibiotic Growth Promoters ◽  
Monarda Didyma

The use of growth-promoting antibiotics in livestock faces increasing scrutiny and opposition due to concerns about the increased occurrence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. Alternative solutions are being sought, and plants of Lamiaceae may provide an alternative to synthetic antibiotics in animal nutrition. In this study, we extracted essential oil from Monarda didyma, a member of the Lamiaceae family. We examined the chemical composition of the essential oil and then evaluated the antibacterial, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory activities of M. didyma essential oil and its main compounds in vitro. We then evaluated the effectiveness of M. didyma essential oil in regard to growth performance, feed efficiency, and mortality in both mice and broilers. Carvacrol (49.03%) was the dominant compound in the essential oil extracts. M. didyma essential oil demonstrated antibacterial properties against Escherichia coli (MIC = 87 µg·mL−1), Staphylococcus aureus (MIC = 47 µg·mL−1), and Clostridium perfringens (MIC = 35 µg·mL−1). Supplementing the diet of mice with essential oil at a concentration of 0.1% significantly increased body weight (+5.4%) and feed efficiency (+18.85%). In broilers, M. didyma essential oil significantly improved body weight gain (2.64%). Our results suggest that adding M. didyma essential oil to the diet of broilers offers a potential substitute for antibiotic growth promoters.

The Influence of Probios or Tylosin on Growth of Pigs and Development of the Gastrointestinal Tract

1988 ◽  
Vol 1988 ◽  
pp. 128-128
Author(s):  
G.K. Collington ◽  
D.S. Parker ◽  
M. Ellis ◽  
D.G. Armstrong
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Feed Additives ◽  
Feed Additive ◽  
Growth Promoters ◽  
Modes Of Action ◽  
And Function

Both antibiotic and probiotic feed additives are in independent use in the pig industry. The modes of action of these two groups of growth-promoters remain to be established. The present study was designed to investigate the effect of inclusion of an antimicrobial feed additive (Tylosin) or a probiotic (ProbiosR, Pioneer Overseas Corporation) on growth rate and the development of intestinal structure and function of pigs from birth to 80 days of age.

scholarly journals Modulation of the Immune Response to Improve Health and Reduce Foodborne Pathogens in Poultry

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 65 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christina Swaggerty ◽  
Todd Callaway ◽  
Michael Kogut ◽  
Andrea Piva ◽  
Ester Grilli
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Foodborne Pathogens ◽  
Feed Additive ◽  
Gut Health ◽  
Growth Promoters ◽  
Poultry Products ◽  
Antibiotic Growth Promoters ◽  
Increasing Demand ◽  
Production Animals

Salmonella and Campylobacter are the two leading causes of bacterial-induced foodborne illness in the US. Food production animals including cattle, swine, and chickens are transmission sources for both pathogens. The number of Salmonella outbreaks attributed to poultry has decreased. However, the same cannot be said for Campylobacter where 50–70% of human cases result from poultry products. The poultry industry selects heavily on performance traits which adversely affects immune competence. Despite increasing demand for poultry, regulations and public outcry resulted in the ban of antibiotic growth promoters, pressuring the industry to find alternatives to manage flock health. One approach is to incorporate a program that naturally enhances/modulates the bird’s immune response. Immunomodulation of the immune system can be achieved using a targeted dietary supplementation and/or feed additive to alter immune function. Science-based modulation of the immune system targets ways to reduce inflammation, boost a weakened response, manage gut health, and provide an alternative approach to prevent disease and control foodborne pathogens when conventional methods are not efficacious or not available. The role of immunomodulation is just one aspect of an integrated, coordinated approach to produce healthy birds that are also safe and wholesome products for consumers.

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