scholarly journals Economic analysis of the inclusion of thermoelectric ash in asphalt mixtures

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. e28101018564
Author(s):  
Igor Nonato Almeida Pereira ◽  
Newton Paulo de Souza Falcão ◽  
Consuelo Alves da Frota
Keyword(s):  
Asphalt Concrete ◽  
Lower Cost ◽  
Electric Energy ◽  
Asphalt Mixtures ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Stone Dust ◽  
Alternative Material ◽  
Good Technique ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
The Cost

The replacement of conventional materials used in hot asphalt mixtures with others of good technique and lower cost and environmental impact has motivated research in this area of knowledge in recent decades. The researches should be expanded in the scope of engineering, given that it contributes considerably to the transformation of spaces and raw material. In this context, thermoelectric ashes, which are residues from the production of electric energy, appear as an alternative to replace the stone powder input which contributes negatively to the environment considering that it comes from the blasting of rocks. This work aims to compare the cost of producing traditional asphalt concrete (reference) to asphalt compositions containing 5,15% of alternative material characterized by stone dust. There was a saving of R$ 0.21 per ton of AC machining, consisting of thermoelectric ash as a partial substitute (5.15%) for stone powder, which represents significant savings in a practical context.

scholarly journals Evaluation of alkaline-based activated carbon from Leucaena Leucocephala produced at different activation temperatures for cadmium adsorption

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wan Muhammad Hilmi Wan Ibrahim ◽  
Mohd Hazim Mohamad Amini ◽  
Nurul Syuhada Sulaiman ◽  
Wan Rasidah Wan Abdul Kadir
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Leucaena Leucocephala ◽  
Heavy Metal Contamination ◽  
High Heat ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Activation Temperature ◽  
Promising Alternative ◽  
Alternative Material ◽  
The Cost

AbstractHeavy metal contamination in water is happening worldwide. Adsorption using activated carbon is a common choice for cleaning the wastewater. The drawback of activated carbon is the higher cost of production due to the need for high heat in the process. This work investigated on activated carbon produced from the abundantly available Leucaena leucocephala biomass in order to reduce the cost of raw material. The biomass was chemically activated at different activation temperatures. The produced activated carbon was characterized using SEM, FT-IR, surface analyzer, and TGA. Isothermic and thermodynamic studies were done to evaluate the adsorption properties of the activated carbon. It was found out that higher surface area can be obtained using the higher activation temperature. Higher NaOH to carbonized sample ratios also resulted in higher surface area for all activation temperatures, which are 662 m2g-1 for 700 °C activation temperature, 735 m2g-1 for 750 °C, and 776 m2g−1 for 800 °C. Isothermic studies showed that all of the activated carbon that is produced from Leucaena leucocephala biomass are fit to the Langmuir isotherm, regardless of any activation temperature. Lastly, the thermodynamic study found out the adsorption process is endothermic, reflected by the positive value of ΔHo. It can be concluded that Leucaena leucocephala is a promising alternative material for producing activated carbon.

scholarly journals Resource and Energy Efficient Method of Dried Fish Production

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mikhail Ershov ◽  
Alexander Ershov ◽  
Ilya Selyakov
Keyword(s):  
Surface Layer ◽  
Electric Energy ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Circulation Rate ◽  
Dehydration Process ◽  
Surface Layers ◽  
Fish Products ◽  
Lower Temperature ◽  
The Cost

The authors of the article propose a method of convective dehydration of fish products, which has an intermittent nature of implementation. The dehydration process consists of the continuous initial phase and following combined periods consisting of phases of drying and relaxation of dehydrated surface layer of the raw material. The necessity of applying relaxation is due to the fact that during the drying process the surface layers that have lost some of the moisture are significantly densified. The size of the capillaries for moisture passing through the surface layers is reduced. Near the surface a layer is formed, which lacks the significant mass of moisture and has low diffusion properties. As a result, the dehydration process of the entire sample slows down. The rational use of relaxation leads to restoring the moisture-conducting properties of the surface layer of fish. The supply of electrical energy to the heating elements is stopped during the relaxation. The minimum circulation rate of the drying agent is maintained in the drying installation. Fresh air with a lower temperature and higher relative humidity than the drying agent is supplied to the drying agent. The conditions in the drying installation restrain external mass transfer and facilitate to the relaxation of the dehydrated surface layer, that is, to the redistribution of moisture in the thickness of the fish. The proposed method of dehydration of fish raw material reduces the cost of electric energy in the production of dried products and provides more rational coolant usage. The final fish products have more attractive appearance due to reduction of tissue deformation as a result of applying the relaxation of dehydrated surface layer.

Preparation of High Insulating HDPE Optical Cable Sheath at Lower Cost with Doping Nano-Particles

2013 ◽  
Vol 274 ◽  
pp. 385-388
Author(s):  
Ji Peng Zhang ◽  
Hui Tang ◽  
Shan Shan Hao
Keyword(s):  
Lower Cost ◽  
Volume Resistivity ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Nano Particles ◽  
National Standard ◽  
Nano Particle ◽  
Optical Cable ◽  
Blending Method ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Better Than

To reduce the cost of HDPE optical cable sheath, we selected HDPE as matrix materials, inorganic nanometer particles (CaCO3, SiO2) as modifier, prepared the modified HDPE optical cable sheath by mechanical blending method. The combination of CaCO3 particles with HDPE matrix was improved by titanate doped, which was able to facilitate the homogeneous dispersion of CaCO3 particles inside HDPE. To modify the optical cable sheath and reduce the product cost, the disparity of the inorganic nano-particle was analyzed, and the ratio of raw material and mixing technology were also improved. The experimental results indicated that: the sheathing compound with insulating characteristic as well as all technical indexes that reached its national standard, especially the toughening effect of the CaCO3, could be produced when CaCO3 content reached 7.5% and the volume resistivity was 104 times higher than the national standard. The mechanical modification of CaCO3 was better than SiO2.

Study Properties of Road Surface for Foot Pavements and Courtyard Areas

2019 ◽  
Vol 974 ◽  
pp. 325-330
Author(s):  
Natalya B. Kolosova ◽  
Ilya V. Kulish ◽  
Valerii V. Ershov
Keyword(s):  
Surface Area ◽  
Asphalt Concrete ◽  
Road Surface ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Quantitative Characteristics ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative Characteristics

This article presents a study of two most popular materials used for pavement and inside the house territories. Asphalt concrete and concrete paving slabs “Paving stone 7P.8” with dimensions of 200x100x80 mm were chosen as the study objects. Comparison of materials was performed by qualitative and quantitative characteristics. Graphic dependences of the cost of the pavement device of two types on the surface area are built

scholarly journals Analisis just in time sebagai alat bantu perencanaan persediaan untuk memaksimalkan laba

El Dinar ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 98
Author(s):  
Zen Nufus Segawati
Keyword(s):  
Cycle Time ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Just In Time ◽  
Labor Costs ◽  
Electricity Costs ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Analysis Of Performance

The purpose of this study was to determine the application of JIT as inventory of planning to maximize profit at the karya perdana. This study used decriptive qualitative approach. Analysis of the data used the production cost analysis. Then, the analysis of the implemetation of JIT used the MPR for scheduling the purchaseof raw materials, the analysis of performance with line balancing to make improvements and production efficiencies. After that, compared the cost of production beforeand after implementing of JIT. The results showed that a decline in production costs after the implementation of JIT methods. By using the method of JIT, companies just made the purchase of raw materials used only as needed per day. This causes raw material costs decreased by 8.51%. with JIT method was also carried out repairs of production of cycle time for production effeciency at the cost of direct labor costs but no change whereas the use of engine-related electricity costs in overhead costs were calculated based on the actual production of cycle time thus causing a decrease in cost of 2.53%, as result of a decrease in these costs, the company had increased earnings by 6.67% comapared with the methods applied by the company without it

scholarly journals APLICAÇÃO DO RESÍDUO DA MINERAÇÃO DO COBRE PARA MELHORIA DO DESEMPENHO DE MISTURAS ASFÁLTICAS

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ricardo Bentes Kato
Keyword(s):  
Asphalt Concrete ◽  
Road Network ◽  
Cement Content ◽  
Asphalt Mixtures ◽  
Asphalt Cement ◽  
Considerable Portion ◽  
Granulometric Characteristics ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Potential Use

RESUMO: O presente artigo tem o objetivo de verificar o desempenho de misturas asfálticas frente as propriedades Marshall, quando adicionado resíduo da mineração do cobre em sua composição. Justifica-se este trabalho pela crescente geração de resíduos proveniente da atividade mineração, juntamente com deficiencia da malha rodoviária brasileira. Após caracterização dos materiais e dosagem pelo método Marshall, gradativamente substitui-se a areia do concreto betuminoso usinado à quente pelo rejeito de cobre, onde notou-se uma significativa redução do teor de cimento asfáltico, fato este devido às características granulométricas do rejeito que possibilitou maior fechamento dos vazios na massa. Estes resultados apontam para um potencial uso deste resíduo, com contribuições de ordem ambiental, econômica (pois o CAP responde por considerável parcela do custo do concreto asfáltico) e tecnológicas, pela melhoria dos parâmetros Marshall.ABSTRACT: The aim of this paper is to verify the performance of asphalt mixtures against Marshall properties when copper mining residue is added in its composition. This work is justified by the growing generation of waste from the mining activity, together with deficiency of the Brazilian road network. After characterization of the materials and dosage by the Marshall method, the sand of bituminous concrete machined by copper refuse was gradually replaced, where a significant reduction of asphalt cement content was observed, due to the granulometric characteristics of the tailings Greater closure of voids in mass. These results point to a potential use of this residue, with contributions of environmental, economic (because the CAP accounts for a considerable portion of the cost of asphalt concrete) and technological, by the improvement of Marshall parameters.

scholarly journals Resistance under Marshall monotonic load for asphalt concrete mixtures

2022 ◽  
Vol 2153 (1) ◽  
pp. 012006
Author(s):  
Y W Yung-Vargas ◽  
A Rodríguez-Lizcano ◽  
C A Peña-Soto
Keyword(s):  
Asphalt Concrete ◽  
Asphalt Mixtures ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Asphalt Mixes ◽  
Asphalt Cement ◽  
Concrete Mixtures ◽  
Object Of Study ◽  
Marshall Stability ◽  
Monotonic Load ◽  
Mineral Aggregates

Abstract The dense hot MDC-19 type asphalt mixes are considered, by the “Instituto Nacional de Vías” in Colombia, as continuous grading asphalt mixes (asphalt concrete). These constitute most of the surface course, in the structures of in-service pavements, being the object of study and research in different projects to ensure their durability. In the present investigation, unlike other investigations, the mechanical behavior under Marshall monotonic load was studied in the laboratory between MDC-19 dense type asphalt mixtures, comparing plant-produced and laboratory-produced asphalt mixtures. To carry out this process, samples of uncompacted asphalt mixtures were taken, produced in four fixed plants, with which Marshall-type briquettes were compacted. Likewise, samples of mineral aggregates and asphalt cement were obtained from the same plants, which constitute the mixtures raw material produced there. With these materials, briquettes with the same characteristics were mixed and compacted. Subsequently, the resistance under Marshall monotonic load was determined on the briquettes manufactured in plant and laboratory. The optimal asphalt cement content was compared between plant and laboratory- produced mixtures. An increase in Marshall Stability was found in the briquettes made with plant-produced mixtures, while these required a greater amount of asphalt cement for their production.

Resource efficiency in deinked pulp production: a review

TAPPI Journal ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 37-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
LIISA KOTANEN ◽  
MIKA KÖRKKÖ ◽  
ARI ÄMMÄLÄ ◽  
JOUKO NIINIMÄKI
Keyword(s):  
Waste Disposal ◽  
Resource Efficiency ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Ecological Strategy ◽  
Recycled Paper ◽  
Paper Production ◽  
Recycled Pulp ◽  
Current State ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Pulp Production

The use of recovered paper as a raw material for paper production is by far the most economical and ecological strategy for the disposal of waste paper. However, paper production from recovered paper furnish generates a great amount of residues, and the higher the demand requirements for the end product, the higher the amount of rejected material. The reason for this is that the selectivity of the deinking process is limited; therefore, some valuable components are also lost in reject streams. The rejection of usable components affects the economics of recycled paper production. As the cost of waste disposal continues to increase, this issue is becoming more and more severe. This paper summarizes the current state of the resource efficiency in recycled pulp production and provides information on the volumes of rejected streams and the usable material within them. Various means to use these reject streams are also discussed, including the main findings of a recent thesis by the main author. This review summarizes current internal and external use of reject streams generated in the deinking operations.

Parameters Of Technological Processes Reengineering

2020 ◽  
pp. 28-33
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Organization ◽  
Parametric Model ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Machine Time ◽  
Time Machine ◽  
Technological Processes ◽  
Technical Capability ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Qualitative Characteristics

The article is devoted to reengineering of technological processes - a method of their qualitative transformation on an innovative basis, which in turn assumes the availability of tools that make it possible to establish the economic efficiency and technical capability of such transformations of construction production, to identify the effect of their implementation. In this regard, the problem of forming a parametric model of reengineering of construction technological processes, which involves four enlarged groups of indicators that reflect the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of the processes: materials used, working time, machine time, spatial organization, is considered. It is established that parameters can have either an absolute (physical, cost) or relative (point, percentage) expression and also make their own decomposition. The practical significance of the provisions given in the article is determined by the development of methods of technical rationing, which leads to a reduction in the cost and duration of construction.

SELISIH BIAYA PRODUKSI SEBAGAI ALAT PENGENDALIAN MANAJEMEN PT INDO PUSAKA BERAU

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (02) ◽  
pp. 397
Author(s):  
SAFITRI NURHIDAYATI ◽  
RIZKI AMELYA SYAM
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Analytical Tool ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Labor Costs ◽  
Material Costs ◽  
Library Research ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Cost

This study aims to analyze whether the difference that occurs in the cost of raw materials, direct labor, and factory overhead costs between the standard costs and the actual costs in PLTU LATI is a difference that is favorable or unfavorable. Data collection techniques with field research and library research. The analytical tool used is the analysis of the difference in raw material costs, the difference in direct labor costs and the difference in factory overhead costs. The hypothesis in this study is that the difference allegedly occurs in the cost of raw materials, direct labor costs, and factory overhead costs at PT Indo Pusaka Berau Tanjung Redeb is a favorable difference. The results showed that the difference in the cost of producing MWh electricity at PT Indo Pusaka Berau Tanjung Redeb in 2018, namely the difference in the price of raw material costs Rp. 548,029.80, - is favorable, the difference in quantity of raw materials is Rp. 957,216,602, - is (favorable) , the difference in direct labor costs Rp 2,602,642,084, - is (unfavorable), and the difference in factory overhead costs Rp 8,807,051,422, - is (favorable) This shows that the difference in the overall production cost budget is favorable or profitable. This beneficial difference shows that the company is really able to reduce production costs optimally in 2018.  

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