The History of Azulenyl Squaraines

2017 ◽  
Vol 70 (8) ◽  
pp. 857 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel E. Lynch ◽  
Darren G. Hamilton
Keyword(s):  
Absorption Maximum ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Organic Dyes ◽  
Research Activity ◽  
Squaraine Dyes ◽  
Maximum Value ◽  
Squaraine Dye ◽  
Patent Literature ◽  
History Of

The synthesis of the first azulenyl squaraine dye was reported in 1966 and the paucity of activity in the scientific literature since that time has given the false impression that they have remained relatively unexplored as organic dyes. In contrast, a wealth of research activity on azulenyl squaraines has been recorded in the patent literature and it is the purpose of this review to bring these reports to the attention of scientists that have an interest in the chemistry and applications of squaraine dyes. This review shows that it is possible to prepare, via targeted substitution of the azulene ring, a dye with an absorption maximum value ranging from 650 to 840 nm.

A 200-Year History of the Study of Childhood Language Disorders of Unknown Origin: Changes in Terminology

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 6-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laurence B. Leonard
Keyword(s):  
Language Impairment ◽  
Specific Language Impairment ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Language Disorder ◽  
Language Disorders ◽  
Unknown Origin ◽  
Developmental Language Disorder ◽  
The Past ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Many

Purpose The current “specific language impairment” and “developmental language disorder” discussion might lead to important changes in how we refer to children with language disorders of unknown origin. The field has seen other changes in terminology. This article reviews many of these changes. Method A literature review of previous clinical labels was conducted, and possible reasons for the changes in labels were identified. Results References to children with significant yet unexplained deficits in language ability have been part of the scientific literature since, at least, the early 1800s. Terms have changed from those with a neurological emphasis to those that do not imply a cause for the language disorder. Diagnostic criteria have become more explicit but have become, at certain points, too narrow to represent the wider range of children with language disorders of unknown origin. Conclusions The field was not well served by the many changes in terminology that have transpired in the past. A new label at this point must be accompanied by strong efforts to recruit its adoption by clinical speech-language pathologists and the general public.

ABOUT THE PERIODIZATION AND CHRONOLOGY OF THE HISTORY OF TAURIC CHERSONESUS IN THE PRE-ROMAN AND THE LATE ANTIQUE PERIODS

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (72) (3) ◽  
pp. 127-148
Author(s):  
S. V. Ushakov
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Late Antique ◽  
Ancient History ◽  
History Of ◽  
Transitional Time ◽  
Early Byzantine

Hundreds of scientific works are devoted to the study of the Tauric Chersonesus, but the problem of chronology and periodization of its ancient history is not sufficiently developed in historiography. Analysis of scientific literature and a number of sources concerning this subject allows to define the chronological framework and to reveal 10 stages of the history of ancient Chersonesos (as a preliminary definition). The early stage, the Foundation and formation of the Polis, is defined from the middle/last third of the VI century (or the first half of the V century BC) to the end of the V century BC. The end of the late-Antique − early-Byzantine (transitional) time in Chersonesos can be attributed to the second half of the VI – first third of the VII centuries ad).

Effectiveness of a Modified Version of Airflow Therapy

1982 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 160-164
Author(s):  
Glenn L. Falkowski ◽  
Arthur M. Guilford ◽  
Jack Sandler
Keyword(s):  
Success Rate ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Relative Importance ◽  
Differential Effectiveness ◽  
History Of ◽  
One Year ◽  
Main Components

Utilizing airflow therapy, Schwartz (1976) has claimed an 89% success rate with stutterers following treatment and an 83% success rate at one year follow-up. Such claims have yet to be documented in the scientific literature. The purposes of this study were: (a) to investigate the effectiveness of a modified version of airflow therapy; (b) to examine the relative importance of its two main components—passive airflow and elongation of the first vowel spoken. The speech of two adult male stutterers with a lengthy history of stuttering, was assessed with spontaneous speaking and reading tasks. Results indicated marked improvement in both subjects' speech on the reading task was maintained at follow-up 10 weeks later. For spontaneous speech, results were generally weaker and less durable. Effects of the two treatment components were cumulative and did not allow determination of any differential effectiveness between components. Implications of these findings were considered and directions for future research discussed.

Case method in the students’ university foreign language education

2021 ◽  
pp. 95-106
Author(s):  
Roman A. Danilin
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Language ◽  
Creative Thinking ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Language Education ◽  
Foreign Language Education ◽  
Case Method ◽  
Dominant Type ◽  
Speech Activity ◽  
Analytical Skills ◽  
History Of

The case method is one of the methods of problem learning, which allows, based on the description of the problem, to organize the learning process in order to develop a number of universal skills and foreign language speech skills of students. The history of the case method, the typology of cases, the didactic and linguodidactic potential of the case method are described. Based on the analysis of scientific literature, we distinguish the following typological features: a) the complexity of the case; b) the purpose and objectives of the case; c) the degree of structuredness; d) the volume of the case; e) the presence of the plot; f) temporary space; g) subjectivity; h) dominant type of activity; i) subject-content area; j) the number of participants; k) language of the project. The work describes in detail the types of cases for each type. The case method has a didactic potential, allowing to develop analytical skills, critical thinking, professional creative thinking, practical skills, communication skills, social and reflexive skills. When teaching a foreign language on the basis of foreign language cases of a general cultural or professionally oriented direction, students will be able to develop productive (speaking and writing) and receptive (listening and reading) types of speech activity. A nomenclature of speech skills developed in the process of using the case method for each type of speech activity is presented.

Types of research texts in Russian historiography on the example of studying the history of entrepreneurship of pre-revolutionary Siberia

2021 ◽  
pp. 257-268
Author(s):  
Olga G. Klimova
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Scientific Discourse ◽  
Scientific Texts ◽  
Historical Discourse ◽  
Business People ◽  
Compositional Structure ◽  
Research Activities ◽  
History Of ◽  
Doctoral Dissertations ◽  
And Behavior

The study is devoted to the analysis of research texts of the historiographic development of the history of entrepreneurship in pre-revolutionary Siberia. Modern historiography has accumulated a great deal of factual material. Historians have published monographs, thematic collections, articles, abstracts, reviews, reports, bibliographic indexes, encyclopedias and reference pub-lications, the councils defend candidate and doctoral dissertations on various problems in this area. The genre variety of scientific literature about business people reflects a broad professional and public interest in trade and other business activities and contributes to the coordination of research activities. Domestic historiography of the history of merchants and entrepreneurship in Siberia is represented by a significant number of works by historians of the region. The purpose of the study is to analyze the research text as a form of organizing speech material in the scientific discourse of studying the history of entrepreneurship in Siberia in the second half of the 19th – early 20th centuries. We use the methods of historical research, based on the analysis and generalization of research by other researchers, with the application of the principle of historicism, which made it possible to apply the historical-logical, historical-systemic methods. The region-oriented approach made it possible to study more fully the features of scientific texts in the historiography of the history of entrepreneurship in Siberia. The research results are as follows: scientific historical discourse is characterized by a certain set of norms, stereotypes of thinking and behavior; scientific communication plays a significant role in the life of society; genres act as a means of organizing and formalizing interaction in the scientific community; text as a form of organizing speech material in scientific discourse is characterized by the originality and recognizability of style, compositional structure.

THE HARD FATE OF THE DEFENDERS OF NATIONAL VALUES

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 213-220
Author(s):  
Umida Kuranbaeva ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Primary Sources ◽  
Indian People ◽  
National Values ◽  
History Of

This article is devoted to the history, unique culture and traditions of the Indian people, described in the writings of Abu Rayhan Biruni “Athar al-Baqiyah”, “Tafhim” and “India”, which are the primary sources on the history of India. It analyzes and classifies information that is collected from scientific literature on the works of Abu Rayhan Biruni. To date, the works of Abu Rayhan Beruni on the history, ethnography, chronology, toponymy, calendars, holidays and religious events of the above-mentioned peoples occupy one of the main places in research works.

A Comparison of Symmetrical and Asymmetrical Triazine Herbicides for Enhanced Degradation in Three Midwestern Soils

Weed Science ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 66 (5) ◽  
pp. 673-679
Author(s):  
Ethan T. Parker ◽  
Micheal D. K. Owen ◽  
Mark L. Bernards ◽  
William S. Curran ◽  
Lawrence E. Steckel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Herbicide Resistance ◽  
Microbial Degradation ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Corn Belt ◽  
Triazine Herbicides ◽  
History Of ◽  
Enhanced Degradation

AbstractThe triazines are one of the most widely used herbicide classes ever developed and are critical for managing weed populations that have developed herbicide resistance. These herbicides are traditionally valued for their residual weed control in more than 50 crops. Scientific literature suggests that atrazine, and perhaps others-triazines, may no longer remain persistent in soils due to enhanced microbial degradation. Experiments examined the rate of degradation of atrazine and two other triazine herbicides, simazine and metribuzin, in both atrazine-adapted and non-history Corn Belt soils, with similar soils being used from each state as a comparison of potential triazine degradation. In three soils with no history of atrazine use, thet1/2of atrazine was at least four times greater than in three soils with a history of atrazine use. Simazine degradation in the same three sets of soils was 2.4 to 15 times more rapid in history soils than non-history soils. Metribuzin in history soils degraded at 0.6, 0.9, and 1.9 times the rate seen in the same three non-history soils. These results indicate enhanced degradation of the symmetrical triazine simazine, but not of the asymmetrical triazine metribuzin.

scholarly journals Parasitic hypereosinophilia in childhood: a diagnostic challenge

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 2018034
Author(s):  
Roberto Antonucci ◽  
Nadia Vacca ◽  
Giulia Boz ◽  
Cristian Locci ◽  
Rosanna Mannazzu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Eosinophil Count ◽  
Hypereosinophilic Syndrome ◽  
Igg Antibodies ◽  
Diagnostic Challenge ◽  
Etiological Diagnosis ◽  
Maximum Value ◽  
History Of ◽  
Diagnostic Work ◽  
Patient’S History ◽  
Work Up

Severe hypereosinophilia (HE) in children is rare, and its etiological diagnosis is challenging. We describe a case of a 30-month-old boy, living in a rural area, who was admitted to our Clinic with a 7-day history of fever and severe hypereosinophilia. A comprehensive diagnostic work-up could not identify the cause of this condition. On day 6, the rapidly increasing eosinophil count (maximum value of 56,000/mm3), the risk of developing hypereosinophilic syndrome, and the patient’s history prompted us to undertake an empiric treatment with albendazole.The eosinophil count progressively decreased following treatment. On day 13, clinical condition and hematological data were satisfactory, therefore the treatment was discontinued and the patient was discharged. Three months later, anti-nematode IgG antibodies were detected in patient serum, thus establishing the etiological diagnosis. In conclusion, an empiric anthelmintic treatment seems to be justified when parasitic hypereosinophilia is strongly suspected, and other causes have been excluded.

scholarly journals Gastronomy unravelled by physics: Gastrophysics

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 153-180 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mie Thorborg Pedersen ◽  
Per Lyngs Hansen ◽  
Mathias Porsmose Clausen
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Full Range ◽  
Laws Of Nature ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Food Science ◽  
Scientific Disciplines ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of ◽  
Shed Light

Useful attempts to shed light on the nature of gastronomy from a scientific point of view and to unravel the crucial connection between food, eating and well-being are currently underrepresented in the scientific literature. However, several scientific disciplines ranging from the natural to the social sciences offer valuable new perspectives on gastronomy. As one of the key disciplines in natural science, physics offers original and rigorous perspectives on all processes and structures constrained by the laws of nature. The emerging discipline called gastrophysics employs the full range of concepts, techniques and methods from physics to generate useful scientific input to the complex and holistic reflections on gastronomy. Relying on a review of the existing literature, this article illustrates how a science-based gastrophysics emerges, to a large extent from the convoluted history of food science as well as from various recent – and often overlapping – attempts to combine modern scientific methodology to questions from gastronomy. However, the present review also insists on a physics-inspired methodology to handle scale and complexity in food preparation and consumption across length scales from sub-molecular to entire foods. We exemplify how gastrophysics directly helps to develop gastronomy and how it adds to current approaches in traditional food science. We also suggest that gastrophysics may prove relevant in the context of the ongoing food transformation, which focuses strongly on sustainability, but where the importance of gastronomic aspects in this transformation is greatly needed.

scholarly journals Abdullah ibn Rizvan-Pasha. The Chronicle «Tevarikh-i Desht-i Kiptchak». Part 1

2020 ◽  
pp. 214-247
Author(s):  
Refat R. Abduzhemilev ◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Russian Translation ◽  
National Library ◽  
Verbal Creativity ◽  
History Of ◽  
Xviie Siecle

The column presents one of the principal narrative sources reflecting the history of the Golden Horde and the Crimean Khanate – the work “Tevarikh-i Desht-i Kiptchak” (“The Chronicle of the Desht-i Kiptchak”, 1638) from under the pen of Abdullah ibn Rizvan. Notwithstanding the presence of works in the scientific literature on this chronicle, they still have a superficial character. The artistic and literary merits of the work have not been fully analyzed. The chronicle is a vivid example of the evolution of the Crimean and Ottoman traditions of verbal creativity and chronology, which later gave impetus to the emergence of other universal histories. The text of “Tevarikh-i Desht-i Kiptchak” is given in the original transliteration from two manuscripts (National Library of France S 874 and The Library of Topkapı Palace Museum B 289) and in Russian translation (author of transliteration and translation – R. R. Abduzhemilev). The translation is made up of the combined text from two manuscript copies in the book Ananiasz Zajaczkowski “La Chronique des Steppes Kıptchak Tevarih-i Deşt-ı Qıpçaq du XVIIe siecle” (Warszawa 1966).

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