Changes in field concentrations of five phalaris alkaloids and their association with toxicity in pastures of Victoria, Australia

2020 ◽  
Vol 71 (4) ◽  
pp. 389
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Read ◽  
Priyanka Reddy ◽  
David Rendell ◽  
Simone Rochfort
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Sudden Death ◽  
Potential Toxicity ◽  
Growth Season ◽  
Phalaris Aquatica ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Field Samples ◽  
Toxic Alkaloids ◽  
Stocking Rates ◽  
Measurement Period

Phalaris aquatica is known to cause toxicity in livestock in the form of acute or chronic staggers or sudden death neurological (SDN) syndrome. Breeding of cultivars that produce lower concentrations of suspected alkaloid toxins has been conducted, but these cultivars continue to cause staggers and SDN toxicity. Field samples of grazed phalaris pasture were collected during one growth season (February–June 2016), and from pastures where cases of staggers and/or SDN had occurred in previous years, and immediately after two cases of toxicity. Pasture collected from a paddock where a case of SDN occurred 4 days prior had elevated levels of 5-methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine (5-MeO DMT) and slightly elevated levels of dimethyltryptamine (DMT) compared with other collections from the region. Pasture collected from a paddock at the time of a case of phalaris staggers did not have elevated levels of the quantified alkaloids. Across the measurement period, potentially toxic alkaloids gramine, hordenine, DMT and 5-MeO DMT were observed to decrease in concentration, whereas β-carboline (norharmane) was not detected in any sample. Excessive drying out of dormant plants was hypothesised to be a risk factor for phalaris toxicity. Continued management of potentially toxic phalaris pasture could include measures to manipulate the physiological processes that result in increased toxic alkaloids, including methods to reduce drying out of dormant phalaris plants, and managing stocking rates and grazing species to mitigate potential toxicity.

Sickle-Cell Trait as a Risk Factor for Sudden Death in Physical Training

1987 ◽  
Vol 317 (13) ◽  
pp. 781-787 ◽  
Author(s):  
John A. Kark ◽  
David M. Posey ◽  
Harold R. Schumacher ◽  
Charles J. Ruehle
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Sudden Death ◽  
Sickle Cell ◽  
Physical Training ◽  
Sickle Cell Trait

Myocardial Bridging in Children with Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy — A Risk Factor for Sudden Death

1998 ◽  
Vol 339 (17) ◽  
pp. 1201-1209 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anji T. Yetman ◽  
Brian W. McCrindle ◽  
Cathy MacDonald ◽  
Robert M. Freedom ◽  
Robert Gow
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy ◽  
Sudden Death ◽  
Myocardial Bridging

scholarly journals Resting heart rate as a predictive risk factor for sudden death in the population

2002 ◽  
Vol 39 ◽  
pp. 311
Author(s):  
Xavier X. Jouven ◽  
Mahmoud Zureik ◽  
Laurent Sabbah ◽  
Dominique Courbon ◽  
Michel Desnos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Sudden Death ◽  
Resting Heart Rate ◽  
Predictive Risk Factor ◽  
Predictive Risk

scholarly journals The role of nonesterified fatty acids in pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases

2010 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. V. Tsvetkova ◽  
V. N. Khirmanov ◽  
N. N. Zybina
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Sudden Death

The paper reviews publications concerned the role of nonesterifi ed fatty acids (NEFA) in pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases. NEFAs are four and more carbons chain length carbonic acids and they are presented in free form (nonesterifi ed) in human body. Plasma NEFAs are produced by the adipose tissue triglyceride lipolysis, another source are lipoproteins such as chylomicrons, very low density lipoproteins and intermediate density lipoproteins. Elevated NEFA concentrations in plasma are the risk factor of cardiovascular diseases and type 2 diabetes mellitus and the independent risk factor of hypertension and sudden death. NEFA plasma concentration is elevated in atherosclerosis, acute myocardial infarction, diabetes mellitus, obesity, hypertension, and often in metabolic syndrome. A probable cause of NEFAs accumulation in plasma may be overeating and low physical activity, which result in increase of adipose tissue mass, lipolysis intensifi cation and elevation of NEFAs concentration in plasma. The role of elevated plasma NEFA concentration in a number of conditions (abdominal obesity, atherogenic dyslipidemia, insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes mellitus, endothelial dysfunction, vascular infl ammation, atherosclerosis, hypertension, ischemic heart disease, rhythm disturbances, sudden death) and possible ways of their correction are discussed.

scholarly journals Energy drinks as a risk factor for students’ health

2019 ◽  
pp. 23-27
Author(s):  
Yu.V. Volkova ◽  
D.M. Savoskin ◽  
N.M. Sydorenko
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Adaptive Capacity ◽  
Adverse Reactions ◽  
Energy Drinks ◽  
The Past ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Cardio Vascular ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Health Objective ◽  
Objective Investigation

Actuality. Within the past years energy drinks are becoming more and more popular in Ukraine among young people. But not everyone precisely knows which of them are useful, relatively edible or even dangerous for one’s health. Objective. Investigation of the prevalence of the energy drinks consumption among medical students and the impact on the physiological processes. Methods. The following method were used: questioning, sanitary examination, hygienic experiment, and statistical methods. Results. Every third respondent consumes energy drinks actively, and 12 % of them uses such drinks every day. Consumption of these drinks takes toll on the organism physiological processes and adaptive capacity, causes adverse reactions in cardio-vascular and digestive systems. Conclusion. Consumption of energy drinks causes risk factors for health. Key Words: energy drinks, risk factor for health, adaptive capacity.

scholarly journals Analysis of distant cardiovascular events depending on the biomarker profile in patients with myocardial infarction

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 24-31
Author(s):  
A. F. Khamitova ◽  
Sh. Z. Zagidullin ◽  
I. R. Lakman ◽  
D. F. Gareeva ◽  
N. Sh. Zagidullin
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Acute Coronary Syndrome ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Sudden Death ◽  
Cardiovascular Events ◽  
Prognostic Value ◽  
Pentraxin 3 ◽  
Coronary Syndrome ◽  
The World ◽  
New Biomarkers

Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and its complications is one of the main reasons of mortality and invalidation in the world. New biomarkers, such as ST2, NT-proBNP и Pentraxin-3 (Ptx-3) present much more opportunities in the diagnostics of diseases and risk of its development.Aim.To investigate standards and “new” biomarkers in different variants of MI and cardiovascular events in 1 year after MI.Material and methods.In 180 patients with MI (61,4±1,7 years) we determined the serum concentration of standard and “new” (ST2, NT-proBNP, Ptx-3) biomarkers in groups with Q/non-Q, STEMI and NSTEMI and the endpoints (MI, strokes, repeated hospitalizations and sudden deaths) in 1 year (384,3±21,2 days) after MI.Results.Patients with Q-MI and STEMI had higher risk of unfavorable cardiovascular events (p<0,05). Ptx-3 >43,9 ng/ml was shown to be risk factor for sudden death (sensitivity 70,0%, specificity 52,9%), and >125,9±0,06 ng/ml (74,1% and 44,1%) — of recurrent MI.Conclusion.NT-proBNP, ST2 and Ptx-3 showed prognostic value in the diagnostics of unfavorable cardiovascular endpoints.

Abstract 2951: Estimation of Perfusion with 13 N-Ammonia Retention Underestimates the Frequency and Extent of Hibernating Myocardium when Compared to Quantification of Absolute Myocardial Blood Flow

Circulation ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 116 (suppl_16) ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew J Luisi ◽  
Brendan M Heavey ◽  
John M Canty ◽  
Robert A deKemp ◽  
James A Fallavollita
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Sudden Death ◽  
Myocardial Blood Flow ◽  
Ischemic Cardiomyopathy ◽  
Independent Risk Factor ◽  
Nyha Class ◽  
Compartment Model ◽  
Hibernating Myocardium ◽  
Absolute Myocardial Blood Flow

Background: Viable dysfunctional myocardium can be classified as chronically stunned (normal resting perfusion) or hibernating (reduced resting flow). While 13 N-ammonia (NH 3 ) retention (late uptake) is typically used to estimate perfusion, the frequency and extent of hibernating myocardium (HM) may differ when quantification of dynamically-acquired absolute myocardial blood flow (MBF) is performed. Methods: Patients with stable ischemic cardiomyopathy (n = 25, EF 32 ± 2%, NYHA Class 2.1 ± 0.7) who were candidates for an ICD for the primary prevention of sudden death underwent imaging with NH 3 and insulin-clamp 18 F-2-deoxyglucose (FDG). Segmental perfusion (17 segment LV model, % peak segment) was assessed by both retention (20 minute summed image) and absolute MBF using a 3-compartment model (ml/min/g). Normal segments were defined as perfusion ≤ 80% peak segment. Segments with <50% peak segment FDG uptake were defined as scar. The remaining segments were considered HM if FDG/perfusion ratio was ≥ 1.2. Results: Of the 425 total segments, only 15 (3.5%) were considered HM when NH 3 retention was used to assess perfusion. In contrast, the number of HM segments increased markedly with quantification of absolute MBF (159 or 37%, p<0.001 vs. retention), with a commensurate reduction in the number of normally-perfused segments. Conclusions: The estimation of perfusion with NH 3 retention significantly overestimates MBF (Figure ) and hence underestimates the frequency and extent of HM. While the differentiation of chronically stunned from HM may not influence the decision for revascularization, the distinction may be important if HM is an independent risk factor for sudden death.

Dysbiosis in Microbiome Leading to Colitis-Associated Cancer

2021 ◽  
pp. 142-169
Author(s):  
Priyamvada Priyamvada
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel Disease ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Bowel Disease ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
The Body ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Microbiome Diversity ◽  
The World ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel

Colitis-associated cancers are a metastatic form of inflammatory bowel disease considered a vital health associated risk factor causing the death of approximately five lacs people every year throughout the world. There are trillions of bacteria that are associated with our gut as a part of our healthy microbiome. The microbiota plays a plethora of important role in determining the normal physiological processes of the cells and, subsequently, the body. The imbalance in microbiome diversity (dysbiosis) due to abnormal dietary habitats, hectic lifestyle, and other factors thus alters the normal physiological processes of the body, thereby causing several chronic diseases. Therefore, it is essential to maintain the homeostasis between the host and their gut microbiome. So, based on the facts mentioned above, this chapter is entirely devoted to providing an overview of colitis-associated cancer and their relation with the dysbiosis of a healthy microbiome. Moreover, the mechanism involved in the development of colorectal cancer and its preventive insights has also been addressed.

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