Correction of manganese deficiency in barley crops on calcareous soils. 3. Application of elemental sulphur

1973 ◽  
Vol 13 (63) ◽  
pp. 446 ◽  
Author(s):  
DJ Reuter ◽  
AM Alston ◽  
TG Heard
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Calcareous Soils ◽  
South Australia ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Elemental Sulphur ◽  
Manganese Deficiency ◽  
Yorke Peninsula ◽  
Manganese Availability ◽  
Phosphorus Application ◽  
Sulphur Uptake

Infield experiments elemental sulphur (0 to 126 kg ha-1), incorporated in mixed and compound fertilizers with superphosphate (19 to 39 kg ha-1P) and manganous sulphate (0 to 16 kg ha-1Mn) was applied to calcareous soils of southern Yorke Peninsula, South Australia. The response of barley was measured in terms of grain yield, dry weight, and the manganese, phosphorus, and sulphur content of the shoots. Elemental sulphur (40 mg) alone or in compound fertilizers was incubated with 20 g surface soil for up to 52 weeks. The rate of oxidation of the sulphur and its effect on extractable manganese was measured. During 52 weeks' incubation, 20 to 50 per cent of the sulphur added to the soil was oxidized. The sulphur had little effect on the amounts of divalent and easily-reducible manganese extracted from the soil. Grain yields were increased by application of manganese and by increasing the amount of phosphorus applied from 19 to 39 kg ha-1. Elemental sulphur increased grain yield only at the low rate of phosphorus application. In one experiment a greater response to sulphur was obtained in the absence than in the presence of applied manganese. Sulphur applied with low amounts of phosphorus increased the uptake of manganese and phosphorus in the barley shoots sampled at stem extension in one experiment. In another experiment the effect on phosphorus content was not significant. Sulphur uptake was not affected. In no case did sulphur prevent the occurrence of manganese deficiency and its use to increase manganese availability and hence barley yields on these soils is not justified.

The effect of granule size of compound fertilizers on barley crops grown in calcareous soils

1974 ◽  
Vol 14 (68) ◽  
pp. 380 ◽  
Author(s):  
DJ Reuter ◽  
TG Heard
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Uptake ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
High Capacity ◽  
Calcareous Soils ◽  
South Australia ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
Granule Size ◽  
Manganese Uptake ◽  
Yorke Peninsula

The effect of variations in the granule size of compound fertilizers on dry matter, grain yield and nutrient uptake of barley was evaluated in three field experiments on the calcareous soil (> 80 per cent CaCO3) of southern Yorke Peninsula, South Australia. This soil has a high capacity to fix applied phosphorus and manganese. The fertilizers contained superphosphate, manganous and cupric sulphates, and, in two experiments, elemental sulphur as well. The fertilizers were banded with the seed. In all experiments, small fertilizer granules with diameters less than 2.1 mm produced greater grain 5elds than the larger granules. In two of the three experiments, a commercial-sized fertilizer (< 4.8 mm diam.) produced yields similar to those of the small granules. In two of the experiments, plant dry weight, phosphorus and manganese uptake was also significantly increased with decreasing granule size, particularly during rapid plant growth from mid-tillering to late stem extension. This response was more pronounced where the phosphate application rate was suboptimal. In the third experiment, conducted in a year of above average rainfall, the responses were variable and usually not significant. From measurements of granule distribution we suggest that the greater plant response to small granules is due to the better distribution of fertilizer within the soil. This appears to increase contact between plant roots and fertilizer and hence increases the nutrient uptake by the crop.

Adaptation of Lupinus angustifolius L. and L. pilosus Murr. to calcareous soils

1999 ◽  
Vol 50 (6) ◽  
pp. 1027 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. D. Brand ◽  
C. Tang ◽  
A. J. Rathjen
Keyword(s):  
Calcareous Soils ◽  
South Australia ◽  
Clay Content ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Lupinus Angustifolius ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Carbonate Content ◽  
Soil Factors ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Caco3 Content

Current varieties of narrow-leafed lupin (Lupin angustifolius L.) are poorly adapted to alkaline and calcareous soils found commonly throughout the south-estern Australian cropping zone. Apot experiment compared the growth of Lupinus angustifolius cv. Gungurru with L. pilosus P20954 in a range of soils collected throughout South Australia. The soils displayed a range of texture (clay, 3–82%), pH (1:5 soil:H2O, 7·0–9·6), and calcium carbonate content (CaCO3, 0–47%). Potting mix (pH 5·8) was used as the control. The plants were grown for 7 weeks with weekly measurements of chlorosis score and leaf number. At harvest, dry weights were recorded and the youngest fully expanded leaves were analysed for nutrient concentrations. The line P20954 grew much better in all the soils than Gungurru in terms of plant dry weight relative to the control soil, this being particularly evident in the calcareous soils. Chlorosis score correlated highly with shoot dry weight for Gungurru, but not for P20954. The main soil factor contributing to the chlorosis score of Gungurru was CaCO3 content, whereas none of the soil factors significantly affected P20954, although in Weeks 2 and 3 chlorosis score correlated with CaCO3 content. The dry weight of Gungurru was affected by a combination of factors including clay content, pH, and CaCO3 content, whereas the dry weight of P20954 was affected by most of the soil factors measured. The dry weight of P20954 was positively correlated with aluminium and magnesium concentrations. Concentrations of all nutrients were above critical levels for both genotypes grown in all soils. The results indicate that L. pilosus has the potential to be grown in areas where current varieties of L. angustifolius are poorly adapted.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Low Phosphorus Tolerance of Rice Varieties in Northern Ghana

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 109 ◽  
Author(s):  
Williams Kwame Atakora ◽  
Mathias Fosu ◽  
S. O. Abebrese ◽  
Michael Asante ◽  
Matthias Wissuwa
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Upland Rice ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Northern Ghana ◽  
P Deficiency ◽  
Days To Maturity ◽  
P Application ◽  
Phosphorus Application ◽  
Muriate Of Potash

<p>Phosphorus (P) deficiency is a major constraint to upland rice production on highly weathered, low activity clay soils in the humid zones of West Africa. There is a paucity of information on the short-term fertilizer P effects on rice on these soils. A field experiment was conducted in 2011 to determine the response of twenty-four (24) upland rice cultivars to fertilizer Phosphorus (P) applied at 0 and 60 kg P ha<sup>−1</sup>. An uncultivated field at SARI research area with available P (Bray 1) P content of 3.0 mg/kg was used for the experiment.</p> <p>The ploughed area was divided into two plots with one plot for +P and the other for -P treatment. Each of the 24 varieties was allocated three rows and spaced at 20 x 10 cm in four replications. The varieties were randomized for each replicate and planted on 2<sup>nd</sup> July 2011 at one seed per hill. Pre-emergence herbicide Pendimethaline 400 g/l (Alligator) was applied at 3.2 L/ha two days after planting followed by one hand weeding. For the (-) P plot, the entire field received N at 60 kg/ha as Sulphate of ammonia and K<sub>2</sub>O at 60 kg/ha as Muriate of Potash. For the (+) P plot, fertilizer was applied at NPK 60-60-60 kg/ha from Sulphate of ammonia, Triple superphosphate and Muriate of potash, respectively. For each plot, the N was split applied.</p> Results showed that the plants that received P were more vigorous and healthier. There was significant variety effect on number of tillers per plant (NOTPP), days to 50% flowering (DFF), days to maturity (DTM), dry weight of biomass (DWOB), number of panicles per plant (NOPPP), and grain yield per plant. Similarly, there was significant phosphorus effect on number of tillers per plant (NOTPP), days to 50% flowering (DFF), days to maturity (DTM), dry weight of biomass (DWOB), number of panicles per plant (NOPPP), and grain yield per plant. There was generally no interactive effect of variety by fertilizer except for DFF and DTM. The number of tillers per plant ranges from 3 – 16 with the overall mean without P application being 4 while overall mean with P application was 9. When P was applied, the number of days to 50 % flowering reduced from 86 days to 79 days. Days to maturity (DTM) was also reduced from 118 to 111 on average by P application. The varieties that were most tolerant to low P were ITA 257, Nerica 3 and TOX 1011-4-A2. The grain yield of ITA 257 remained the same whether P was applied or not. This is the variety that is best adapted to low P. We concluded that rice growth and yield components were affected by Phosphorus application. Plants that received phosphorus flowered and matured earlier. They also accumulated higher biomass and grain yield. ITA 257, Nerica 3 and TOX 1011-4-A2 were most tolerant to P deficiency.

Effect of Seeding Systems and Dinitroaniline Herbicides on Emergence and Control of Rigid Ryegrass (Lolium Rigidum) in Wheat

2007 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bhagirath S. Chauhan ◽  
Gurjeet S. Gill ◽  
Christopher Preston
Keyword(s):  
Seed Production ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
South Australia ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Soil Disturbance ◽  
Yorke Peninsula ◽  
Rigid Ryegrass ◽  
And Control ◽  
Dinitroaniline Herbicides

Experiments were conducted at Minlaton on the Yorke Peninsula of South Australia in 2004 and 2005 to study the effect of four different seeding systems and dinitroaniline herbicides on the seedling emergence and growth of rigid ryegrass in wheat. The seeding systems were low soil-disturbance discs (DayBreak and K-Hart) and high soil-disturbance tines (narrow point and Ribbon seeder); and the herbicides were oryzalin, pendimethalin, and trifluralin at rate of 0.72 kg ai/ha. The total seedling emergence of rigid ryegrass was higher in nontreated plots planted with the tines compared with the discs. In general, oryzalin was the least-effective herbicide in controlling emergence of rigid ryegrass. All herbicides were more effective in reducing the number of plants, spikes, dry matter, and seed production of rigid ryegrass in combination with tines than with discs. However, in the absence of herbicides, plant and spike numbers, plant dry weight, and seed production of rigid ryegrass were significantly lower where discs were used to sow, rather than tines. In the absence of herbicide, rigid ryegrass was less competitive with wheat under the disc-sown systems. The response of grain yield to herbicides was greater under the tine-sown systems than the disc-sown systems.

The effect of soil- and foliar-applied manganese in preventing the onset of manganese deficiency in Lupinus angustifolius

1984 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 529 ◽  
Author(s):  
RJ Hannam ◽  
WJ Davies ◽  
RD Graham ◽  
JL Riggs
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
South Australia ◽  
Lupinus Angustifolius ◽  
Manganese Concentration ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Manganese Deficiency ◽  
Lateral Shoots ◽  
Three Stages ◽  
Upper South

The efficacy of the application of manganese, either applied to soil or as foliar sprays at three stages of flower development, in preventing the expression of manganese deficiency (ruptured seed coats ('split seed'); delayed maturity ('regreening'); and poor grain yield) in two cultivars of Lupinus angustifolius (cvv. Marri and Illyarrie) was assessed on sandy soils of the upper South East and Eyre Peninsula regions of South Australia. Six experiments were conducted during 1979 and 1980. A single foliar application of manganese (1.7 kg Mn/ha, in 200 litre water) when the upper-lateral shoots were in mid-flower, prevented the onset of the disorder. Applications of manganese to the soil at sowing at rates of up to 11.1 kg Mn/ha were usually less effective. The appearance of 'split-seed' symptoms in mature grain was a more sensitive indicator of manganese deficiency than was grain yield response to manganese fertilization. The degree to which these symptoms appeared increased markedly when the manganese concentration in intact seed became less than 8-10 �g/g dry seed, an observation which is consistent with other studies.

Grain yield and flowering of some introduced grain legumes in South Australia

1975 ◽  
Vol 15 (75) ◽  
pp. 556 ◽  
Author(s):  
JH Silsbury
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
South Australia ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Grain Legumes ◽  
The Other ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Lathyrus Cicera ◽  
Genotype A

Data are presented for time of flowering, total shoot dry weight and grain yield of White Brunswick pea (Pisum sativum), six introduced peas and one introduction each of Lathyrus sativus and Lathyrus cicera from ten plot experiments conducted in South Australia over the period 1955-1 960.None of the introduced legumes flowered earlier than White Brunswick peas and only one, possibly, has a greater capacity for higher grain yield. L. cicera on the other hand gave 25 per cent greater yield over all sites and seasons with an average of 2.84 tonne ha-1.The ratio between grain yield and total shoot dry weight varied with genotype and between seasons with a genotype. A low ratio was not always associated with low dry matter production.

scholarly journals Comparative Assessment of Phosphorus Fertilization and Rhizobia Inoculation on Soybean Production in the Guinea Savanna Zone of Ghana

2019 ◽  
pp. 78-86
Author(s):  
Sam Ebenezer Kofi ◽  
Kugbe Xorse Joseph ◽  
Adu-Gyamfi Raphael ◽  
Odoom Asooming Daniel ◽  
Laryea Obodia Kenneth ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Northern Ghana ◽  
Phosphorus Fertilization ◽  
Soybean Production ◽  
Guinea Savanna ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Resource Poor ◽  
Phosphorus Application ◽  
Savanna Zone

In the Guinea savannah zone of northern Ghana, the soils are reported to be declining for agricultural productivity. In these farming communities that depend on soybean production for their livelihoods, resource-poor farmers are not able to afford purchases of high cost inorganic phosphatic fertilizers to enhance the crop’s production. The need arises to identify efficient practices and strategies and research into alternative means of enhancing soybean production to improve food security. This Randomized Complete Block Design as an experimental tool was employed to carry out a research in the Guinea savanna zone of Ghana (Tolon District) to assess the agronomic and economic productivity of rhizobia inoculation use in soybean production. Treatments used for the experiment were sole soybean production, soybean + recommended phosphorus (P) fertilize rate, soybean + inoculums, and soybean + P + inoculum. A planting distance of 60*10cm was used during planting. Each treatment was replicated three times. Growth and yield data were collected on plant height, nodule number and dry weight, shoot dry weight, pods number and dry weight, grain yield, 100 seed weight and nodule effectiveness. The results revealed the existence of significant difference in grain yield between treatments (p = 0.011). Soybean + inoculation + P gave the highest yield of 3.6 t/ha followed by soybean + inoculation (3.17 t/ha), soybean + P (2.97 t/ha) and soybean only (2.6 t/ha) respectively. Significant difference was also observed for number of pods between treatments (p= 0.01), with soybean + inoculation + phosphorus recording the highest followed by soybean + inoculation, soybean + phosphorus and soybean-only treatment respectively. However, use of sole inoculation in soybean production was associated with the least production cost, high revenue generation and high benefit/cost ratio. As rhizobia inoculation of soybean produced higher yields and is comparatively cheaper than phosphorus application, inoculation is suggested for the resource poor farmer in Northern Ghana.

Responses of triticale, wheat, rye and barley to nitrogen fertilizer

1983 ◽  
Vol 23 (120) ◽  
pp. 73 ◽  
Author(s):  
RD Graham ◽  
PE Geytenbeek ◽  
BC Radcliffe
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizer ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nitrogen Nutrition ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
South Australia ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Nitrogen Supply ◽  
Dry Matter Production ◽  
Matter Production

A hexaploid triticale from Mexico and local cultivars of wheat, rye and barley, each at five levels of fertilizer nitrogen (0, 35, 70, 105 and 140 kg N/ha) with four replications, were grown in a field experiment at Mintaro, South Australia. A visually discernible response to nitrogen fertilizer by all four genotypes from an early stage was confirmed by quantitative sampling at tiliering, anthesis and maturity. Responses in plant dry weight to 105 kg N/ha were maintained until anthesis but grain yield responses were significant only at 35 kg N/ha. Total dry matter production responses at maturity to more than 35 kg N/ha were small. Numbers of tillers and heads were increased by nitrogen additions up to 140 and 105 kg N/ha, respectively, and plant height measurements showed general increases to 70 kg N/ha with significant lodging at higher nitrogen levels in both rye and triticale. For all genotypes, thousand grain weight decreased with increasing level of nitrogen supply while grain and straw nitrogen increased up to levels of 140 and 105 kg N/ha, respectively. Nitrogen supply had little effect on maturity, plants at 0 and 140 kg N/ha reaching anthesis less than a day apart. The lack of a significant nitrogen x genotype interaction in nearly all the data suggests that the triticale does not differ in its nitrogen nutrition from the traditional cereals. Triticale consistently outyielded the other cereals in total dry matter production followed by the rye, wheat and barley in that order. Grain yield was highest in the wheat and least in the rye, the latter also being the least responsive to nitrogen. The advantage of the triticale lay in its high grain protein and lysine content combined with good yield.

Phosphorus-Rhizobium interaction studies on biological nitrogen fixation and yield of lentil

1988 ◽  
Vol 110 (1) ◽  
pp. 141-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. K. Dhingra ◽  
H. S. Sekhon ◽  
P. S. Sandhu ◽  
S. C. Bhandari
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fixation ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Biological Nitrogen Fixation ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Nitrogenase Activity ◽  
Root Nodules ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Biological Nitrogen ◽  
Phosphorus Application ◽  
Intact Root

SummaryField experiments were conducted at the Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana from 1980–1 to 1984–5 to study the response of lentil genotypes to phosphorus application and Rhizobium inoculation. The number and dry weight of nodules increased consistently with increasing rates of application of phosphorus from 0 to 60 kg P2O5/ha. Nitrogenase activity of intact root nodules increased from 17 530 to 22 390 nmol/h per g dry weight of nodules with 20 kg P2O6/ha and to 27391 and 29170 nmol/h per g with 40 and 60 kg P2O5/ha, respectively. Rhizobium inoculation also increased nodulation, nitrogenase activity and grain yield. Interaction between phosphorus and Rhizobium inoculation was significant in 3 out of 5 years, indicating that the combination of Rhizobium and 20 kg P2O6/ha gave yield equivalent to 40 kg P2O6/ha without Rhizobium.

Nutrient economy through land configuration and residue management in a greengram (Phaseolus radiatus L.)-wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cropping sequence with limited water supplies

2005 ◽  
Vol 52 (4) ◽  
pp. 369-379
Author(s):  
B. G. Shivakumar ◽  
B. N. Mishra ◽  
R. C. Gautam
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Indian Agricultural Research Institute ◽  
Residual Effect ◽  
Residue Management ◽  
Phosphorus Fertilization ◽  
Significant Interaction Effect ◽  
Preceding Crop ◽  
Cropping Sequence ◽  
Phosphorus Application

A field experiment on a greengram-wheat cropping sequence was carried out under limited water supply conditions in 1997-98 and 1998-99 at the farm of the Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi. The greengram was sown either on flat beds or on broad beds 2 m in width, divided by furrows, with 0, 30 and 60 kg P2O5/ha. After the harvest of greengram pods, wheat was grown in the same plots, either with the greengram stover removed or with the stover incorporated along with 0, 40, 80 and 120 kg N/ha applied to wheat. The grain yield of greengram was higher when sown on broad beds with furrows compared to flat bed sowing, and the application of 30 or 60 kg P2O5/ha resulted in significantly higher grain yields compared to no phosphorus application. The combination of broad bed and furrows with phosphorus fertilization was found to be ideal for achieving higher productivity in greengram. The land configuration treatments had no impact on the productivity of wheat. The application of phosphorus to the preceding crop had a significant residual effect on the grain yield of wheat. The incorporation of greengram stover also significantly increased the grain yield of wheat. The increasing levels of N increased the grain yield of wheat significantly up to 80 kg/ha. The combination of greengram stover incorporation and 80 kg N/ha applied to wheat significantly increased the grain yield. Further, there was a significant interaction effect between the phosphorus applied to the preceding crop and N levels given to wheat on the grain yield of wheat.

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