Comparison of some Stylosanthes species in the dry tropics of Queensland

1975 ◽  
Vol 15 (76) ◽  
pp. 655 ◽  
Author(s):  
LA Edye ◽  
JB Field ◽  
DF Cameron
Keyword(s):  
Interspecific Hybrids ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
The Other ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
Dry Matter Yield ◽  
Seedling Regeneration ◽  
Dry Tropics

Fifteen accessions, comprising Stylosanthes guyanensis (1 ), ., hamata (5), S. humilis (2), S. subsericea (5) and interspecific hybrids (2), were compared when grown in swards with the grass Urochloa mosambicensis at three sites in the dry tropics of Queensland with an average growing season ranging from 11.5 to 22.0 weeks per annum. The swards were harvested at 6-weekly intervals during the growing season at a height of 7.6 cm. Over the three years of the trial, S. hamata CPI 38842 (cv. Verano) was superior in dry matter yield over all sites to the other accessions, including the two S. humilis cultivars cv. Paterson and cv. Lawson. Nodulation problems prevented an adequate comparison of four other S, hamata accessions except at 'Fanning River', where CPI 40264A and 40268 nodulated effectively and were as productive as cv. Verano. All S. hamata accessions perennated but gave lower pod yields and seedling regeneration than S. humilis cultivars. In vitro digestibility of the S. hamata accessions was lower than S. humilis in May but higher in September. Although S. subsericea accessions nodulated readily at all sites, their performance was site-sensitive and all but one accession failed to perennate.

scholarly journals THE IN VITRO DIGESTIBILITY OF WHOLE GRASSES AND THEIR PARTS AT PROGRESSIVE STAGES OF MATURITY

1963 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. I. Pritchard ◽  
L. P. Folkins ◽  
W. J. Pigden
Keyword(s):  
Tall Fescue ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
The Other ◽  
Rapid Decline ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
Flowering Stage ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Rate Of Decline

The in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVD) of timothy, orchard, brome, reed canary, tall fescue and mountain rye grasses decreased at the rate of approximately 0.5 per cent per day throughout the growing season. The most rapid decline in IVD began with head emergence. The earliest maturing grasses tended to be higher in IVD than the other grasses at the flowering stage. The decline in IVD as the season progressed was observed in all portions of the plant, the rate of decline for the heads and stems being greater than for the leaves. The upper segments of the stems tended to have a lower IVD than the basal segments.

The influence of weather on the quality of tropical legume pasture during the dry season in northern Australia. III. Effects of digestibility and chemical composition

1989 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 573 ◽  
Author(s):  
RL McCown ◽  
BH Wall
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Mediterranean Climate ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
Northern Australia ◽  
Pasture Legumes ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Dry Tropics

In the semi-arid tropics, accumulated shed leaf of certain pasture legumes can provide highly nutritious feed for cattle in the dry season. Previous papers in this series have dealt with the fungal spoilage of leaf of Caribbean stylo in response to dew and unseasonal rainfall and the threat to acceptability by cattle. This paper focuses on the effects of varying degrees of moulding and leaching on dry matter digestibility of leaf of this legume. Uniform leaf material of high digestibility was exposed at six locations during the dry season and samples retrieved at 4-weekly intervals. From initial values of 75%. in vitro digestibility dropped to as low as 50%. Degree of moulding, as indicated by a quantitative index of discoloration, accounted for about 80�/o of loss. Moulding was much more important than leaching. This latter finding in the winter-dry tropics contrasts with previous findings in the summer-dry Mediterranean climate.

scholarly journals Crude protein, fibre and phytic acid in vitro digestibility of selected legume and buckwheat samples

2013 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 227-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
Petra Vojtíšková ◽  
Stanislav Kráčmar
Keyword(s):  
Phytic Acid ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Protein Digestibility ◽  
The Other ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
Common Beans ◽  
Commission Regulation ◽  
Phytate Content

The aim of this study was to determine crude protein, fibre and phytic acid in vitro digestibility of selected legumes and buckwheat products. All analyses except the phytic acid contents were performed in the line with the Commission Regulation (EC) No. 152/2009. A modified version of Holt’s Method was used for phytic acid (phytate) determination. None of all samples contained more than 11% of moisture. Soybeans are rich in crude protein; they contain nearly 40% of this compound. The content of crude protein in buckwheat flours was about 14%. The highest amount of phytate was found in common beans and soybeans-about 2 g/100 g of dry matter. On the other hand, the lowest phytate content was observed in buckwheat pasta (< 1 g/100 g). The quantification of phytate in F. esculentum groats was 1.9 g per 100 g of dry matter. In vitro digestibility was determined using an incubator Daisy and pepsin enzymes and the combination of pepsin and pancreatin. The highest coefficient of crude protein digestibility was discovered to be in peels and wholemeal flour. The greatest fibre digestibility coefficients were obtained for peels, which contain about 65% of fibre in their dry matter. When pepsin was used, a higher phytic acid digestibility coefficient for G. max, Ph. vulgaris, peels, flour, groats and broken groats was observed; while when the combination of pepsin and pancreatin was used, higher phytic acid digestibility coefficients for peas, lentil and wholemeal flour were observed.

Residues and Efficacy With Fluazifop-P in Alfalfa (Medicago sativa)

1992 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglas J. Doohan ◽  
Gilles Belanger ◽  
Russ R. King ◽  
Jerry A. Ivany
Keyword(s):  
Medicago Sativa ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
Dry Matter Yield ◽  
Crude Protein Content

Fluazifop-P, applied in the spring or fall and pronamide, applied in the fall only, reduced quackgrass infestation in established alfalfa and increased the dry matter yield of alfalfa. Herbicides did not improve alfalfa in vitro digestibility or crude protein content. Average residues of fluazifop-P in alfalfa treated with rates of 0.25 or 0.5 kg ai ha–1, were 0.1 mg kg–1when harvested 280 d after application, and 0.06 mg kg–1when harvested 295 d after application. Average residues in alfalfa harvested 41 and 55 d after application were 0.13 mg kg–1and 0.1 mg kg–1, respectively, with a 0.25 kg ha–1treatment and 0.19 mg kg–1and 0.05 mg kg–1, respectively, with a 0.5 kg ha–1treatment.

scholarly journals Introduction of Digitaria and Cynodon on the semiarid southern Coast of Puerto Rico

1969 ◽  
Vol 78 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 137-145
Author(s):  
Rafael Ramos Santana ◽  
José E. Rodríguez ◽  
Ismael Reyes ◽  
Alvaro Acosta
Keyword(s):  
Puerto Rico ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
The Other ◽  
Forage Grass ◽  
Dry Matter Yield ◽  
Southern Coast ◽  
Short Day ◽  
Harvest Intervals

Nine forage grass introductions (eight Digitaria and one Cynodon) were evaluated at 49-day harvest intervals under irrigation in the semiarid southern region of Puerto Rico. C. dactylon USDAPI 255455 (Coast Cross No. 1) produced the highest dry matter yield (DMY) throughout the seven cuts of each of the 2 years. However, no significant differences were observed between C. dactylon USDAPI 255455 and D. milanjiana 6416 and 6415 during each of the years in which the grasses were evaluated. In terms of the combined DMY of both years, C. dactylon 255455 was significantly superior to the rest of the introductions with the exception of D. milanjiana PRPI 6416. The in vitro organic matter digestibility (IVOMD) of C. dactylon 255455 was significantly less than that of both D. milanjiana 6416 and 6415. On the other hand, D. milanjiana presented the highest IVOMD on the cuts of the long and short day season. The crude protein (CP) content was very similar in most of the introductions under evaluation; however, D. milanjiana PRPI 6416 was the lowest in CP content during the short day season cut.

Comparison of Brazilian and naturalised Australian ecotypes of Stylosanthes humilis in the dry tropics of Queensland

1975 ◽  
Vol 15 (72) ◽  
pp. 80 ◽  
Author(s):  
LA Edye ◽  
DF Cameron
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Growth Habit ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Pod Yield ◽  
Dry Tropics ◽  
Stylosanthes Humilis

Nine Stylosanthes humilis introductions from Brazil were compared with four Australian ecotypes and two mixtures when grown in swards with a grass Urochloa mosambicensis at two sites in the dry tropics of Queensland with an average growing season of 22 weeks per annum. The swards were harvested at 6-weekly intervals during the growing season at a height of 7.6 cm. Over the three years of the trial, no introduction was superior to cv. Gordon in dry matter and pod yield at the two sites. The Brazilian introductions showed variation in flowering times and growth habit. In general the later flowering, erect types were more productive because they made better growth late in the season, still set seed and competed better with sown grass. The naturalised Australian material gave higher pod yields but lower in vitro digestibilities during the dry season than the Brazilian introductions.

scholarly journals 202 In vitro digestibility of various browse species selected by goats over the growing season

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 78-79
Author(s):  
Nikisha Ryan ◽  
Frank W Abrahamsen ◽  
Briana Epps ◽  
Mary K Mullenix ◽  
John Heath ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Pteridium Aquilinum ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Phytolacca Americana ◽  
Browse Species

Abstract Goats naturally prefer to consume browse species given the choice. Browsing away from the ground may help avoid internal parasites; however, goats cannot consume more than 50% of their diet as browse due to the prevalence of toxins in the browse species. The objective of this project was to determine in vitro true digestibility (IVTD) of preferred browse species consumed by goats at Tuskegee University browsing demonstration site over the growing season. Three samples were collected from each of the 35 different browse species in April and July 2018. Samples consisted of leaves and edible twigs. Browse IVTD was determined according to the Van Soest et al. (1991) modification of the Tilley and Terry (1963) procedure using the Ankom Daisy II incubator system. Data were analyzed for the months of April and July utilizing the two-sample T-test of SYSTAT, Version 13. Browse IVTD values differed (Pteridium aquilinum (Brakenfern) to 94.7% in Phytolacca americana (pokeweed) while the July values ranged from 33.59% in Pteridium aquilinum to 88.5% for Morus rubra (Mulberry). Significant differences were also observed among browse species with regards to dry matter content. Dry matter content values ranged from 10.5 (Albizia julibrissin; White mimosa) to 81% (Prunus americana; American Plum) in April and 12.5 Phytolacca americana to 89% Pinus taeda (Loblolly Pine) in July. Results showed natural variability in IVTD of various browse species throughout the growing season. Future experiments will analyze additional nutritive value parameters such as ADF, NDF, total digestible nutrients, and lignin values over three collection times (April, July, and October). The experiment will be continued for two additional years to provide meaningful results.

Tolerance of Foxtail Millet to Combinations of Bromoxynil, Clopyralid, Fluroxypyr, and MCPA

2009 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 94-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
William E. May ◽  
Eric N. Johnson ◽  
Dan J. Ulrich ◽  
Christopher B. Holzapfel ◽  
Guy P. Lafond
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Foxtail Millet ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
The Other ◽  
Dry Matter Yield ◽  
Crop Injury ◽  
Feeding Costs ◽  
Growing Conditions ◽  
Crop Biomass

When solid stands of foxtail millet are cut for swath grazing, the grazing season for cattle is extended and winter feeding costs reduced. The economic success of this practice depends on inexpensive weed control. Eight single- and double-rate herbicide combinations (g ai/ha) were evaluated and compared to a weed-free check: MCPA + bromoxynil (280 + 280 or 560 + 560); MCPA + clopyralid (560 + 100 or 1120 + 200); MCPA + fluroxypyr (562 + 108 or 1124 + 216); and MCPA + clopyralid + fluroxypyr (560 + 100 + 144 or 1120 + 200 + 288). This study was conducted at Indian Head, Saskatchewan (SK) in 2004, 2005, 2006, and 2007 and at Scott, SK, in 2006 and 2007. Crop injury and dry matter yield were measured. Results of the study indicate that crop injury exceeded 20% at only one out of six sites at 7 to 14 d after herbicide treatment. Double-rate MCPA + bromoxynil treatments had higher injury ratings than the weed-free check 7 to 14 d after treatment in all site years. As the growing season progressed, injury ratings tended to decline except at Scott in 2007, where injury ratings at the 21 to 35 d period were numerically greater than the other two rating periods. There were no differences among treatments for crop biomass production. We conclude that all four herbicide combinations at the labeled rate are safe to use on foxtail millet in Saskatchewan, and probably in other areas with similar environmental growing conditions.

scholarly journals Yield and quality of Maralfalfa forage during short days in three dairy farms on northern Puerto Rico

2014 ◽  
Vol 98 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafael Ramos-Santana ◽  
Yamil Quijano-Cabrera ◽  
Raúl Macchiavelli
Keyword(s):  
Puerto Rico ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Dairy Farms ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Dry Matter Yield ◽  
Yield And Quality

An experiment was conducted to evaluate the dry matter yield and quality performance of Maralfalfa forage at six harvest intervals (HI; 40,50,60,70,80, 90d) at three dairy farms in northern Puerto Rico during the short day season. In the majority of the quality parameters under study, the HI of 40 and 50 days were significantly (P menor 0.05) superior to the other HI. Conversely, the dry matter yields from the above mentioned intervals were (P menor 0.05) inferior to those obtained with HI of 70, 80 and 90 days. The 50 and 60 day HI did not differ significantly (P > 0.05) in dry matter yield. The HI of 50 days yielded forage of a quality not very inferior to that of the 40 days (ex., % crude protein 19.1 vs. 16.0), but its dry matter yield was nearly three times higher (P menor 0.05) (3,000 vs. 8,607 kg/ha). The simple regression equations of in vitro digestibility of dry matter and of neutral detergent fiber vs. HI showed a digestibility loss of 5.0 and 6.0 percentage points for each 10 days increment in harvest interval, as the values decreased from 84% and 74% at HI 40 d, to 60% and 45% at HI 90 d, respectively.

The effect of paraquat desiccation in spring on plant and animal production from annual pastures

1974 ◽  
Vol 14 (66) ◽  
pp. 23 ◽  
Author(s):  
GW Arnold ◽  
DW Barrett
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Yield Loss ◽  
Nitrogen Concentration ◽  
The Other ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
Annual Ryegrass ◽  
Wool Production ◽  
Pasture Yield

The effects on pasture yield and composition and on sheep performance of paraquat applied during spring to annual pastures were studied in three experiments. One experiment was on clover dominant pasture and the other two were on pure stands of ryegrass. Spraying reduced dry matter at the beginning of summer in only one of the three experiments, In this experiment, spraying at head emergence of the ryegrass caused the greatest yield loss. Dry matter was lost from untreated pasture following anthesis of the grasses as they senesced but sprayed pastures had proportionately the same losses. Spraying at head emergence increased the proportion of grass leaf in the mature dry ryegrass pastures, but later applications were much less effective. The effects of paraquat on nutrient concentrations in the mature herbage varied between experiments. On the clover dominant pasture, N, K, Ca, and Mg were higher in the clover on unsprayed plots but not in the grass component. With pure ryegrass pastures, spraying resulted in significantly higher nitrogen concentration but had little effect on other nutrients. Spraying at head emergence gave a higher yield of nitrogen per hectare of ryegrass but otherwise paraquat tended not to affect or to give slightly reduced nutrient yields. The in vitro digestibility of annual ryegrass decreased rapidly after head emergence. Spraying at this time reduced the rate of this decline, whereas later sprays had little effect on the decline. Paraquat had no effect on losses of nutrients from the pastures that occurred over the summer through weathering. Following paraquat application, the liveweight gain of Merino weaner sheep was improved in one of the three experiments. Higher wool production was recorded in one treatment in one experiment. Paraquat at 0.21 kg ha-' active ion reduced the number of grass seedlings regenerating in the season following spraying.

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