Effect of soil nitrate on the growth and nodulation of lupins (Lupinus angustifolius and L. albus)

1990 ◽  
Vol 30 (5) ◽  
pp. 655
Author(s):  
AL Cowie ◽  
RS Jessop ◽  
DA MacLeod ◽  
GJ Davis
Keyword(s):  
N2 Fixation ◽  
Lupinus Albus ◽  
Lupinus Angustifolius ◽  
Sand Culture ◽  
Soil Nitrate ◽  
Soil N ◽  
Similar Extent ◽  
Selection Of

The effect of increasing external nitrate (NO-3) concentration on the nodulation of Lupinus albus and L. angustifolius lines was examined in 2 sand culture experiments. In the first experiment 4 lines, 3 L. albus and 1 L. angustifolius, were grown at NO-3 concentrations of 0, 2, 8, 16, and 30 mmol/L for 49 days. Increasing the NOT concentration reduced nodule weight in all varieties to a similar extent. In a second experiment, 18 L. angustifolius lines were grown at NO-3 concentrations of 2 and 8 mmol/L for 49 days. The ratio of nodule weights at the 8 and 2 mmol/L NO-3 treatments varied widely, from 23 to 71%, between the lines. There appears to be potential for selection of L. angustifolius varieties able to maintain N2 fixation at increased levels of soil N.

Sowing time and tillage practice affect chickpea yield and nitrogen fixation. 2. Nitrogen accumulation, nitrogen fixation and soil nitrogen balance

1996 ◽  
Vol 36 (6) ◽  
pp. 701 ◽  
Author(s):  
CP Horn ◽  
RC Dalal ◽  
CJ Birch ◽  
JA Doughton
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fixation ◽  
N2 Fixation ◽  
N Balance ◽  
Grain Legume ◽  
Nitrogen Accumulation ◽  
Soil Nitrate ◽  
Soil N ◽  
Tillage Practice ◽  
Sowing Time ◽  
N Accumulation

Following long-term studies at Warra, on the western Darling Downs, chckpea (Cicer anetinum) was selected as a useful grain legume cash crop with potential for improvement of its nitrogen (N) fixing ability through management. This 2-year study examined the effect of sowing time and tillage practice on dry matter yield, grain yield (Horn et al. 1996), N accumulation, N2 fixation, and the subsequent soil N balance. Generally, greater N accumulation resulted from sowing in late autumn-early winter (89-117 kg N/ha) than sowing in late winter (76-90 kg N/ha). The amount of N2 fixed was low in both years (15-32 kg N/ha), and was not significantly affected by sowing time or tillage. The potential for N2 fixation was reduced in both years due to high initial soil nitrate levels and low total biomass of chickpea because of low rainfall. Nitrogen accumulation by grain was higher under zero tillage (ZT) than conventional tillage (CT) for all sowing times, and this affected the level of grain N export. The consequence of low N2 fixation and high N export in chickpea grain was a net loss of total soil N, (2-48 kg N/ha under CT and 22-59 kg N/ha under ZT). Management practices to ensure larger biomass production and lower soil nitrate-N levels may result in increased N2 fixation by chickpea and thus a positive soil N balance.

Growth and yield in Lupinus angustifolius are depressed by early transient nitrogen deficiency

1998 ◽  
Vol 49 (5) ◽  
pp. 811 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qifu Ma ◽  
Nancy Longnecker ◽  
Neil Emery ◽  
Craig Atkins
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
N2 Fixation ◽  
Harvest Index ◽  
Nitrogen Deficiency ◽  
Lupinus Angustifolius ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Sand Culture ◽  
Floral Initiation ◽  
Mineral N ◽  
N Deficiency

Yield and harvest index of narrow-leafed lupin (Lupinus angustifolius L.) are variable, and factors affecting their reliability have not been clearly identified. In this study, plants were grown in sand culture and were non-nodulated and supplied with mineral nitrogen (N) or acquired N through symbiotic N2 fixation. Transient N deficiency was imposed a number of times during development in nodulated plants by flushing pure O2 to the roots to suppress N2 fixation and in non-nodulated plants by changing the rate of N addition. Low N supply (0·4 mM) before floral initiation or for 2 weeks during floral initiation caused a reduction in seed yield. Transient N deficiency induced by O2 flush during early growth (Weeks 6 and 7 after sowing) had a marked effect on vegetative growth, the number of main stem flowers, pod set, and seed yield. The early N deficiency also affected shoot and root N concentrations and total cytokinin concentrations in root exudate. Compared with N2-fixing plants, those supplied with adequate mineral N had a greater flower number and greater branch growth and biomass, but not higher pod set and seed yield, resulting in lower harvest index. Seed N concentrations were also decreased by transient N deficiencies at early (floral initiation), mid (flowering), and late (grain filling) stages. These findings indicate that any field conditions which transiently reduce N2 fixation (e.g. temporary waterlogging or drought) are likely to result in lower grain yield and quality of lupin crops.

Nitrogen fixation and soil nitrate interactions in field-grown chickpea (Cicer arietinum) and fababean (Vicia faba)

2002 ◽  
Vol 53 (5) ◽  
pp. 599 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. E. Turpin ◽  
D. F. Herridge ◽  
M. J. Robertson
Keyword(s):  
Vicia Faba ◽  
Cicer Arietinum ◽  
N2 Fixation ◽  
Soil Nitrate ◽  
Soil N ◽  
Total N ◽  
Grain Yields ◽  
N Supply ◽  
Total Plant ◽  
N Rates

Soil in which nodulated legumes are growing often contains more nitrate nitrogen (N) than soil in which unnodulated legumes or non-legumes are growing. There is conjecture, however, as to whether the extra or ‘spared’ N is due to reduced use of soil N by the legume or to net mineralisation of legume root and nodular N. We report results of a field experiment to quantify and compare, at different levels of soil-N supply, N2 fixation, and soil-N use by chickpea (Cicer arietinum) and fababean (Vicia faba). Wheat (Triticum aestivum) was included as a non-N2-fixing control. Plants of the 3 species were grown on a low-nitrate Vertosol with fertiliser N rates of 0, 50, and 100 kg/ha (0N, 50N, and 100N), applied 6 weeks before sowing. Samples were collected at sowing and at 64, 100, 135, and 162 days after sowing (DAS) for analysis of soil nitrate, root, and grain dry matter (DM) and N and shoot DM, N, and 15N. The latter was used to estimate the percentage (%Ndfa) and total N fixed by the 2 legumes. Soil nitrate levels to a depth of 1.8 m at sowing were 11–17 kg N/ha (0N), 41–55 kg N/ha (50N), and 71–86 kg N/ha (100N). Grain yields of the 2 legumes were unaffected by soil-N supply (fertiliser N treatment), being 2.0–2.4 t/ha for chickpea and 3.7–4.6 t/ha for fababean. Wheat grain yields varied from 1.6 t/ha (0N) to 4.8 t/ha (100N). Fababean fixed more N than chickpea. Values (total plant including roots) were 209–275 kg/ha for fababean and 146–214 kg/ha for chickpea. Corresponding %Ndfa values were 69–88% (fababean) and 64–85% (chickpea). Early in crop growth, when soil N supply was high in the 100N treatment, fababean maintained a higher dependence on N2 fixation than chickpea (Ndfa of 45% v. 12%), fixed greater amounts of N (57 v. 16 kg/ha), and used substantially less soil N (69 v. 118 kg/ha). In this situation, soil N sparing was observed, with soil nitrate levels significantly higher in the fababean plots (P < 0.05) than under chickpea or wheat. At the end of growth season, however, there were no crop effects on soil nitrate levels. Soil N balances, which combined crop N fixed as inputs and grain N as outputs, were positive for the legumes, with ranges 80–135 kg N/ha for chickpea and 79–157 kg N/ha for fababean, and negative for wheat (–20 to –66 kg N/ha). We concluded that under the starting soil nitrate levels in this experiment, levels typical of many cropping soils in the region, high-biomass fababean and chickpea crops will not spare significant amounts of soil N. In situations of higher soil nitrate and/or smaller biomass crops with less N demand, nitrate sparing may occur, particularly with fababean.

Selection of soybean (Glycine max) lines for increased tolerance of N2 fixation to drying soil

Agronomie ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 21 (6-7) ◽  
pp. 653-657 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas R. Sinclair ◽  
Larry C. Purcell ◽  
Vincent Vadez ◽  
Rachid Serraj
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
N2 Fixation ◽  
Selection Of

Quantifying N response and N use efficiency in rice–wheat (RW) cropping systems under different water management

2009 ◽  
Vol 147 (3) ◽  
pp. 303-312 ◽  
Author(s):  
Q. JING ◽  
H. VAN KEULEN ◽  
H. HENGSDIJK ◽  
W. CAO ◽  
P. S. BINDRABAN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
N Recovery ◽  
Soil Nitrate ◽  
Soil N ◽  
N Use

SUMMARYAbout 0·10 of the food supply in China is produced in rice–wheat (RW) cropping systems. In recent decades, nitrogen (N) input associated with intensification has increased much more rapidly than N use in these systems. The resulting nitrogen surplus increases the risk of environmental pollution as well as production costs. Limited information on N dynamics in RW systems in relation to water management hampers development of management practices leading to more efficient use of nitrogen and water. The present work studied the effects of N and water management on yields of rice and wheat, and nitrogen use efficiencies (NUEs) in RW systems. A RW field experiment with nitrogen rates from 0 to 300 kg N/ha with continuously flooded and intermittently irrigated rice crops was carried out at the Jiangpu experimental station of Nanjing Agricultural University of China from 2002 to 2004 to identify improved nitrogen management practices in terms of land productivity and NUE.Nitrogen uptake by rice and wheat increased with increasing N rates, while agronomic NUE (kg grain/kg N applied) declined at rates exceeding 150 kg N/ha. The highest combined grain yields of rice and wheat were obtained at 150 and 300 kg N/ha per season in rice and wheat, respectively. Carry-over of residual N from rice to the subsequent wheat crop was limited, consistent with low soil nitrate after rice harvest. Total soil N hardly changed during the experiment, while soil nitrate was much lower after wheat than after rice harvest. Water management did not affect yield and N uptake by rice, but apparent N recovery was higher under intermittent irrigation (II). In one season, II management in rice resulted in higher yield and N uptake in the subsequent wheat season. Uptake of indigenous soil N was much higher in rice than in wheat, while in rice it was much higher than values reported in the literature, which may have consequences for nitrogen fertilizer recommendations based on indigenous N supply.

scholarly journals Germinated and Ungerminated Seeds Extract from TwoLupinusSpecies: Biological Compounds Characterization and In Vitro and In Vivo Evaluations

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bogdan Andor ◽  
Corina Danciu ◽  
Ersilia Alexa ◽  
Istvan Zupko ◽  
Elena Hogea ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cinnamic Acid ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Lupinus Albus ◽  
Biological Evaluation ◽  
Lupinus Angustifolius ◽  
Cinnamic Acid Derivatives ◽  
Natural Agents ◽  
Germinated Seeds

In recent years, nutraceuticals attracted a great amount of attention in the biomedical research due to their significant contribution as natural agents for prevention of various health issues. Ethanolic extracts from the ungerminated and germinated seeds ofLupinus albusL. andLupinus angustifoliusL. were analyzed for the content in isoflavones (genistein) and cinnamic acid derivatives. Additionally, the extracts were evaluated for antimicrobial, antiproliferative, and anti-inflammatory properties, using in vitro and in vivo tests. Germination proved to be a method of choice in increasing the amount of genistein and cinnamic acid derivatives in bothLupinus albusL. andLupinus angustifolius L.seeds. Biological evaluation of all vegetal extracts revealed a weak therapeutic potential for both ungerminated and germinated seeds.

Nitrogen benefits of lupins, field pea, and chickpea to wheat production in south-eastern Australia

1997 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 39 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. L. Armstrong ◽  
D. P. Heenan ◽  
J. S. Pate ◽  
M. J. Unkovich
Keyword(s):  
N2 Fixation ◽  
Aboveground Biomass ◽  
Crop Residues ◽  
Field Pea ◽  
Superior Performance ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
Wagga Wagga ◽  
Soil N ◽  
Narrow Leaf ◽  
Eastern Australia

Nitrogen balances of narrow leaf lupin (Lupinus angustifolius L.), albus lupin (L. albus L.), field pea (Pisum sativum L.), chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.), and barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) sown over a range of dates were examined in 1992 in a rotation study at Wagga Wagga, NSW. Each N budget included assessment of dependence on fixed as opposed to soil N, peak aboveground biomass N, and N removed as grain or returned as unharvested aboveground crop residues. N balances of wheat sown across the plots in 1993 were assessed similarly in terms of biomass and grain yield. Yields, N2 fixation, and crop residue N balances of the legumes were markedly influenced by sowing time, and superior performance of lupins over other species was related to higher biomass production and proportional dependence on N2 fixation, together with a poorer harvest index. Residual N balances in aboveground biomass after harvest of the 1992 crops were significantly correlated with soil mineral N at 1993 sowing and with biomass and grain N yields of the resulting wheat crop. Best mean fixation and grain N yield came from albus lupin. Wheat grain N yields following the 2 lupins were some 20% greater than after fiield pea and chickpea and 3 times greater than after barley. Net soil N balance based solely on aboveground returns of N of legumes in 1992 through to harvest of wheat in 1993 was least for narrow leaf lupin-wheat ( –20 kg N/ha), followed by albus lupin-wheat ( –44), chickpea-wheat ( –74), and field pea-wheat ( –96). Corresponding combined grain N yields (legume+wheat) from the 4 rotations were 269, 361, 178, and 229 kg N/ha, respectively. The barley-wheat rotation yielded a similarly computed soil N deficit of 67 kg/ha. Data are discussed in relation to other studies on legume-based rotations.

The narrow-leafed lupin (Lupinus angustifolius L.) as a nitrogen-fixing rotation crop for cereal production. I. Indices of nitrogen fixation

1988 ◽  
Vol 39 (6) ◽  
pp. 1003 ◽  
Author(s):  
DF Herridge
Keyword(s):  
N2 Fixation ◽  
Plant Size ◽  
Lupinus Angustifolius ◽  
Xylem Exudate ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Rooting Medium ◽  
Rhizobium Lupini ◽  
Nitrate Supply ◽  
Root Tissues ◽  
Rotation Crop

Experiments to develop indices of N2 fixation activity for the narrow-leafed lupin (Lupinus angustifolius L.) are reported. In Experiment 1 Unicrop narrow-leafed lupins were inoculated at sowing with effective Rhizobium lupini WU425. The conversion factor relating C2H2 reduction to N2 fixation was not constant throughout growth but increased from 0.9 (50-60 day period) to 6.6 (110-120 days). A nodulation index [(nodule wt/shoot wt) x 100], developed to account for plant size, declined with increasing nitrate supply and with increasing plant age. However, minor shifts in the nodulation index represented large shifts in plant dependence on N2 fixation (p), when plants were 60-100% dependent on N2 fixation. Concentrations of nitrate in extracts of the shoot axes and nodulated roots increased with increasing nitrate supply. Although the presence of nitrate in the rooting medium was evidenced by its presence in xylem exudate, the relationship between nitrate supply and the nitrate contents of xylem exudate was generally poor. Functions were developed to describe the relationships between the nodulation index and p, and between both shoot and root nitrate and p. Other experiments highlighted the synchrony of nitrate supply and its appearance in root tissues and the lack of diurnal fluctuations in nitrate concentrations of plant parts.

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