87 Assessment of pregnancy success following transfer of embryos produced in vitro using frozen - thawed semen from cloned and noncloned Bos indicus bulls

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 169
Author(s):  
O. Sebastián ◽  
F. Guerrero ◽  
R. Romero ◽  
F. Muñoz ◽  
A. Parlange ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Embryo Transfer ◽  
Assisted Reproductive Technologies ◽  
Numerical Range ◽  
Bos Indicus ◽  
Reproductive Technologies ◽  
The State ◽  
In Vitro Production ◽  
Exact Test ◽  
Significant Difference

Assisted reproductive technologies (ART) continue to develop rapidly, allowing for the development of techniques to increase reproductive efficiency and contribute to the genetic improvement of cattle. Some of these techniques include in vitro production (IVP) of embryos and embryo transfer. These modern ART can help produce offspring with highly desirable characteristics. However, there is a lack of information on the percentage of pregnancies obtained following transfer (P/ET) of IVP embryos derived using semen of cloned Bos indicus bulls. The objective of this study was to compare embryo transfer results of IVP embryos created using frozen-thawed semen from 5 Brahman bulls (Bos indicus) with characteristics and genetics of high commercial value. The embryos were produced on two different dates, 45 days apart, using pooled oocytes harvested by ovum pickup from 15 Brahman cows at random stages of the oestrous cycle. Procedures for IVP were performed in a commercial laboratory (Genemex Internacional) in the state of Chiapas, Mexico. For IVF, conventional semen was used from 1 bull (B1) and his clone (B12), the grandson of B1 (B2), and from 2 nonrelated bulls (B3 and B4). A total of 100 embryos were transferred nonsurgically by a private practitioner on a ranch in the state of Campeche, Mexico. The recipients were commercial crossbred cows synchronized using a FTET program. On Day 0, recipients received an intravaginal device containing 1.9g of progesterone (CIDR) and 2mg of oestradiol benzoate IM. On Day 8, the CIDR was removed and cows received 25mg of dinoprost tromethamine, 200IU of eCG, and 0.5mg of oestradiol cypionate IM. Embryos were transferred on Day 17. The overall P/ET was 42% (42/100). The P/ET for IVP embryos produced with semen from bulls B1, B12, B2, B3, and B4 was 3/15 (20%), 3/8 (37%), 23/42 (55%), 8/20 (40%), and 5/15 (33%), respectively. The P/ET was numerically greater for embryos produced using semen from the cloned bull (37%; B12) compared to embryos produced using semen from the original noncloned bull (20%; B1), although this difference was not statistically significant (P=0.62, Fisher’s exact test). There was a significant difference (P<0.05) for the P/ET obtained with embryos produced using semen from bulls B1 and B2, but results for the other bulls were not significantly different. As far as we know, this is the first scientific report in Mexico concerning the use and comparison of semen from cloned and noncloned bulls for the production and transfer of bovine IVP embryos. In general, a wide numerical range of P/ET using the different bulls was observed (i.e. 20-55%). In this preliminary study, there was no impact of using frozen-thawed semen from a cloned bull for IVP on P/ET. The results from this research can contribute to the study and development of ART to improve P/ET obtained using Zebu IVP embryos. However, further research with a larger numbers of animals is required to confirm whether using semen from cloned and noncloned Bos indicus bulls for IVP impacts pregnancy success following embryo transfer.

scholarly journals Perinatal outcomes of human singletons conceived naturally versus assisted reproductive technologies: analysis of the effect of stimulated IVF, modified natural IVF, and frozen embryo transfer

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Adhwaa Khudhari ◽  
Ali Mourad ◽  
Simon Phillips ◽  
Mohammad Zubair Alam ◽  
Robert Hemmings ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Embryo Transfer ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Assisted Reproductive Technologies ◽  
Perinatal Outcomes ◽  
Reproductive Technologies ◽  
Primary Objective ◽  
Frozen Embryo Transfer ◽  
Significant Difference

Abstract Background Obstetrical outcomes in assisted reproduction techniques (ART) were compared with naturally conceived pregnancies and among each other in multiple reports. However, many important changes in the practice of in vitro fertilization (IVF) over the years, including single embryo transfers (sET) and the introduction of modified natural IVF (mnIVF), and the advances in the frozen embryo transfer (FET) might have impacted the outcomes. Our study is the first to our knowledge to assess four different groups, including spontaneous pregnancies, mnIVF, stimulated IVF (sIVF), and FET altogether in a head-to-head comparison. This is a retrospective study on perinatal outcomes of singleton babies conceived naturally or using three different ART protocols between 2011 and 2014. The primary objective was the comparison of gestational age and birth weight between spontaneously conceived pregnancies (NAT, n= 15,770), mnIVF (n=235), sIVF (n=389), and FET (n=222). Results Our results show a significant difference in favor of naturally conceived pregnancies over ART in term of gestational age. In fact, the gestational age of babies in the NAT group was statistically higher compared to each one of the ART groups alone. Regarding the birth weight, the mean was significantly higher in the FET group compared to the other categories. Conclusion Differences in perinatal outcomes are still found among babies born after different modes of conception. However, there is still need for well-designed high-quality trials assessing perinatal outcomes between naturally conceived pregnancies and different ART protocols based on different maternal and treatment characteristics.

scholarly journals Reproductive fluids, used for the in vitro production of pig embryos, result in healthy offspring and avoid aberrant placental expression of PEG3 and LUM.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evelynne Paris-Oller ◽  
Sergio Navarro-Serna ◽  
Cristina Soriano-Úbeda ◽  
Jordana Sena Lopes ◽  
Carmen Matas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Assisted Reproductive Technologies ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Reproductive Technologies ◽  
In Vitro Production ◽  
Aberrant Expression ◽  
Low Efficiency ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background: In vitro embryo production (IVP) and embryo transfer (ET) are two very common assisted reproductive technologies (ART) in human and cattle. However, in pig, the combination of either procedures, or even their use separately, is still considered suboptimal due to the low efficiency of IVP plus the difficulty of performing ET in the long and contorted uterus of the sow. In addition, the potential impact of these two ART on the health of the offspring is unknown. We investigated here if the use of a modified IVP system, with natural reproductive fluids (RF) as supplements to the culture media, combined with a minimally invasive surgery to perform ET, affects the output of the own IVP system as well as the reproductive performance of the mother and placental molecular traits.Results: The blastocyst rates obtained by both in vitro systems, conventional (C-IVP) and modified (RF-IVP), were similar. Pregnancy and farrowing rates were also similar. However, when compared to in vivo control (artificial insemination, AI), litter sizes of both IVP groups were lower, while placental efficiency was higher in AI than in RF-IVP. Gene expression studies revealed aberrant expression levels for PEG3 and LUM in placental tissue for C-IVP group when compared to AI, but not for RF-IVP group.Conclusions: The use of reproductive fluids as additives for the culture media in pig IVP does not improve reproductive performance of recipient mothers but could mitigate the impact of artificial procedures in the offspring.

scholarly journals Epigenetic Effects of Assisted Reproductive Technology in Human Offspring

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Chen ◽  
Yong Peng ◽  
Xinyi Ma ◽  
Siming Kong ◽  
Shuangyan Tang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Embryo Transfer ◽  
Assisted Reproductive Technologies ◽  
Adult Life ◽  
Reproductive Technologies ◽  
Fresh Embryo Transfer ◽  
Vitro Fertilization ◽  
Nuclear Families ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
Parental Background

AbstractThe births of more than 8 million infants have been enabled globally through assisted reproductive technologies (ARTs), including conventional in vitro fertilization (IVF) and intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) with either fresh embryo transfer (ET) or frozen embryo transfer (FET). However, the potential for elevated risks of ART-related disorders persists in adult life, and the underlying epigenetic mechanisms are largely uncharacterized. Here, we recruited 100 nuclear families and profiled the DNA methylomes, genome-wide histone modifications and transcriptomes to clarify the inherent extra risks attributable to specific ART procedures. We discovered that IVF-ET seemed to introduce less disturbance into the infant epigenome than IVF-FET or ICSI-ET did. Furthermore, we noted approximately half of the DNA methylomic changes in ART-conceived offspring could be explained by parental background biases. Through removal of the parental effect, we confirmed that ART per se would introduce minor DNA methylation changes locally. More importantly, we found that ART-induced epigenomic alterations were highly enriched in the processes which might contribute to increased incidence of preeclampsia during pregnancy and metabolic syndrome in offspring. Overall, our study provides an epigenetic basis for the potential long-term health risks in ART-conceived offspring that reinforces the need to review all methods of human ART.

scholarly journals Efficient marmoset genome engineering by autologous embryo transfer and CRISPR/Cas9 technology

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yukiko Abe ◽  
Harumi Nakao ◽  
Motoki Goto ◽  
Moe Tamano ◽  
Michinori Koebis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Embryo Transfer ◽  
Genome Engineering ◽  
Assisted Reproductive Technologies ◽  
Small Body ◽  
Common Marmoset ◽  
Reproductive Technologies ◽  
Reproductive Capacity ◽  
Primate Species ◽  
Novel Method

AbstractGenetic engineering of non-human primates, which are most closely related to humans, has been expected to generate ideal animal models for human genetic diseases. The common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus) is a non-human primate species adequate for the production of genetically modified animals because of their small body size and high reproductive capacity. Autologous embryo transfer (AET) is routinely utilized in assisted reproductive technologies for humans but not for experimental animals. This study has developed a novel method for efficiently producing mutant marmosets using AET and CRISPR/Cas9 systems. The embryos were recovered from oviducts of naturally mated females, injected with Cas9/guide RNA, and transferred into the oviducts of the donors. This AET method can reduce the time for in vitro culture of embryos to less than 30 min. This method uses an embryo donor as the recipient, thus reducing the number of animals and allowing for “Reduction” in the 3R principles of humane experimental technique. Furthermore, this method can utilize nulliparous females as well as parous females. We applied our novel method and generated the 6 marmosets carrying mutations in the fragile X mental retardation 1 (FMR1) gene using only 18 females including 14 nulliparous females.

P–354 Analysis of pregnancy and miscarriage rates in anti-centromere antibodies (ACA)-positive patients treated with ART

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Y Kida ◽  
M Tokoro ◽  
H Kitasaka ◽  
T Yoshimura ◽  
N Fukunaga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Embryo Transfer ◽  
Antinuclear Antibody ◽  
Assisted Reproductive Technologies ◽  
Formation Rate ◽  
Reproductive Technologies ◽  
Pregnancy Rates ◽  
Human Embryos ◽  
Antibody Testing ◽  
Miscarriage Rate ◽  
Significant Difference

Abstract Study question Do ACA have an effect on pregnancy and miscarriage rates of human embryos? Summary answer The present results suggest that in ACA-positive cases, the pregnancy rate per transfer was significantly lower, although the miscarriage rate was not affected. What is known already We have previously shown that patients with high levels of anti-centromere antibody (ACA), (one of the anti-nuclear antibodies (ANA)), frequently have dispersal of the female chromosomes in the cytoplasm. Additionally, we reported that the clinical outcome was characterized by a low oocyte maturation rate following ovum pick up and high multiple pronuclear formation rate after fertilization. However, the post-implantation course of embryos with ACA-positive cases has not yet been reported. Therefore, in this study, we analyzed the pregnancy and miscarriage rates in ACA-positive patients treated with Assisted Reproductive Technologies (ART). Study design, size, duration 6581 patients who underwent embryo transfer after antinuclear antibody testing between January 2014 and February 2020 were included in the analysis. Participants/materials, setting, methods The subjects were classified into three groups: ANA-negative (without ACA or any other ANA), ACA-positive (with only ACA) and ANA-positive (with ANA but not ACA). The cycle in which the gestational sac was confirmed was considered a positive pregnancy. The pregnancy and miscarriage rates were compared among the groups using “Ryan Test” for statistical analysis. Main results and the role of chance Of the 6581 eligible cases, the incidence of antinuclear antibody were 71.3% (4695/6581; ANA-negative), 0.9% (61/6581; ACA-positive) and 27.7% (1825/6581; ANA-positive). The pregnancy rates based on the total number of embryo transfer cycles for each were ANA-negative: 31.5% (5283/16792), ACA-positive: 17.6% (41/233), and ANA-positive: 32.4% (1891/5833). The pregnancy rates were significantly lower in the ACA-positive group than in the other groups. The miscarriage rate was 29.4% (1553/5283) in ANA-negative, 31.7% (13/41) in ACA-positive, and 28.0% (529/1891) in ANA-positive, with no significant difference between the three groups. Limitations, reasons for caution Retrospective analysis Wider implications of the findings: ACA-positive patients may benefit from a treatment strategy to increase the absolute number of oocytes by obtained in order to increase the chances of normal fertilization and attainment of implantation. Trial registration number none

EFFECTIVENESS OF ASSISTED REPRODUCTIVE TREATMENT PROGRAMS DEPENDING ON THE CHARACTERISTICS OF SPERMOGRAM CHANGES

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 82-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. I. Gamidov ◽  
R. I. Ovchinnikov ◽  
A. Yu. Popova ◽  
V. V. Polozov ◽  
N. P. Naumov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection ◽  
Assisted Reproductive Technologies ◽  
Sperm Concentration ◽  
Reproductive Technologies ◽  
Motile Sperm ◽  
Study Objective ◽  
Normal Morphology ◽  
Live Births ◽  
Significant Difference

Introduction. There’re some pathological mechanisms of male fertility disorders that still don’t have proper diagnostic tests. This significantly decreases diagnostic value of a spermogram and makes the problem of evaluation of the characteristics of spermogram changes and their effects on the effectiveness of assisted reproductive technologies (ART) a pressing problem.The study objectiveis to identify the correlation between effectiveness of ART programs and the characteristics of spermogram changes, in particular sperm concentration, motility, and morphology Materials and methods. At the V.I. Kulakov Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology in the period from December of 2012 to December of 2016, 10,042 married couples who underwent treatment using ART (2221 – in vitro insemination (IVF), 7821 – IVF with intracytoplasmic sperm injection) were examined.Results. In patients after IVF, the frequency of live births significantly depended on sperm concentration: 28.6 % for concentration above 5 mil/ml and 51.5 % for concentration above 15 mil/ml (p <0.0001). No significant difference was observed for the dependence of the frequency of live births on the number of progressive-motile sperm (grade А): 38.2 % for <5 % and 57.7 % for >15 % (p = 0.11), or on the number of spermatozoa with normal morphology: 50 % for ≥4 % and 45.5 % for <4 % (p = 0,23). In patients after IVF with intracytoplasmic sperm injection, the concentration of spermatozoa, number of progressive-motile sperm (grade А), and number of spermatozoa with normal morphology didn’t affect the frequency of live births in a statistically significant way.Conclusion. Sperm concentration, motility, and morphology can affect the frequency of live births in the IVF program, but statistically significant correlation was observed only for sperm concentration. After IVF with intracytoplasmic sperm injection, only sperm morphology affects the frequency of live births, but not in a statistically significant way. 

Possibility of elimination of pathogen from Babesia infected animals by means of embryo transfer

2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 36-42
Author(s):  
P Erdenetogtokh ◽  
S Ganbat ◽  
Hiroshi Suzuki
Keyword(s):  
Embryo Transfer ◽  
Assisted Reproductive Technologies ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Reproductive Technologies ◽  
Development Stage ◽  
Babesia Microti ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Mice Model ◽  
Economic Sectors

Babesia infections occur mainly in animals, and are transmitted by ticks. The severity of the diseases varies considerably depending on the species of Babesia involved as well as the immune response of the infected animal. In Mongolia infection produced by Babesia parasites is widely spread, provoking severe damage to the agricultural and economic sectors. Currently, strategies to control and prevent the infection are inefficient. Indeed, the necessity to look for suitable and accessible strategies to obtain animals free from the infection is needed. Currently, assisted reproductive technologies (ART) are used for the improvement of productivity in livestock. Moreover, embryo transfer seams to be useful approach to obtain clean embryos obtained from infected animals. Therefore, by using a mice model (ICR) infected with Babesia microti, an alternative method to obtain animals free from infection was examined. ICR mice at 8 weeks old were challenged with 0.2 ml of 1x107 IRBC/ml by i.p injection. After infection, superovulation was induced and then embryos were obtained and washed. Then, their development stage along with their morphological characteristics were monitored. In vitro embryos obtained from uninfected mice were used as a control group. The results indicate that the infection does not have any influence on pre-implantation embryonic development and morphological characteristics. Thus, we suggest that embryos obtained from infected animals might be useful for embryo transfer in order to improve productivity of livestock and reduce the risk of congenital infection. In summary, ART such as embryo transfer might be an useful technique in countries where Babesiosis is an endemic disease. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5564/mjas.v11i2.214 Mongolian Journal of Agricultural Sciences Vol.11(2) 2013 pp.36-42

scholarly journals Long-Term Effects Following Fresh/Vitrified Embryo Transfer Are Transmitted by Paternal Germline in a Large Size Rabbit Cohort

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1272 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ximo Garcia-Dominguez ◽  
José Salvador Vicente ◽  
María P. Viudes-de-Castro ◽  
Francisco Marco-Jiménez
Keyword(s):  
Embryo Transfer ◽  
Assisted Reproductive Technologies ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Reproductive Technologies ◽  
Early Embryo ◽  
Embryo Cryopreservation ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Adult Body Weight ◽  
Female Germline

The concept of developmental programming suggests that the early life environment influences offspring phenotype in later life, whose effects may also be manifested in further generations. Valuable pieces of evidence come from the fields applying assisted reproductive technologies (ARTs), which deprive embryos of their optimal maternal environment and were thus associated with subsequent developmental deviations. Recently, we demonstrated that the in vitro manipulations during a vitrified embryo transfer procedure incurs a cumulative and transgenerational decline in the growth performance of the resulting offspring. Here, we provide a longitudinal study to investigate whether previous developmental deviations could be indistinctly paternally or maternally transmitted using crossbred mattings. Our findings revealed that early embryo manipulations through fresh and vitrified embryo transfer incurred paternally transmissible effects over the growth pattern and adult body weight, which seemed not inheritable via the female germline. Similar inheritable effects were observed after fresh and vitrified embryo transfer, suggesting that disturbing optimal embryo development through in vitro manipulations was the principal trigger of transmissible effects, rather than embryo cryopreservation per se.

scholarly journals 34 Reproductive management of beef females in tropical and sub-tropical environments

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 37-37
Author(s):  
Nicola Oosthuizen ◽  
Pedro Levy Piza Fontes ◽  
G Cliff Lamb
Keyword(s):  
Assisted Reproductive Technologies ◽  
Bos Taurus ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Bos Indicus ◽  
The United States ◽  
Reproductive Technologies ◽  
Pregnancy Rates ◽  
Embryo Production ◽  
Reproductive Management

Abstract Bos indicus and Bos taurus cattle diverged from an evolutionary standpoint more than 110,000 years ago. Since then, Bos indicus cattle have undergone genetic adaptations beyond the commonly discussed increased thermo-tolerance and parasite resistance. Several physiological differences exist between Bos indicus and Bos taurus cattle, and it is important to consider these differences when establishing reproductive management strategies. It has been well described that Bos indicus cattle have a delayed onset of puberty and longer periods of postpartum anestrus, yet through the utilization of estrus synchronization protocols these challenges can be attenuated. However, when Bos indicus females are exposed to these protocols, they are known to have smaller dominant follicles, lower expression of estrus, and decreased pregnancy rates to artificial insemination (AI) when compared to Bos taurus females. These factors can be overcome through the utilization of estradiol and progesterone based synchronization protocols, which improve follicular dynamics and yield acceptable pregnancy rates to assisted reproductive technologies in cattle adapted to tropical or subtropical conditions. However, the use of estrogens for synchronization purposes is not permitted in the United States, and cattle producers need to rely on GnRH-based protocols. Another key difference between subspecies, is that Bos indicus females have greater antral follicle counts than Bos taurus females, which proves beneficial for in vitro embryo production. Therefore, an opportunity exists to explore the greater productivity of donors in embryo production in order to improve genetics in herds that utilize these breeds.

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