Measurements relating fire radiative energy density and surface fuel consumption – RxCADRE 2011 and 2012

2016 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew T. Hudak ◽  
Matthew B. Dickinson ◽  
Benjamin C. Bright ◽  
Robert L. Kremens ◽  
E. Louise Loudermilk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Density ◽  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Airborne Lidar ◽  
Radiative Energy ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Power Flux ◽  
Fuel Loads ◽  
Fire Modelling ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Radiometric Signal

Small-scale experiments have demonstrated that fire radiative energy is linearly related to fuel combusted but such a relationship has not been shown at the landscape level of prescribed fires. This paper presents field and remotely sensed measures of pre-fire fuel loads, consumption, fire radiative energy density (FRED) and fire radiative power flux density (FRFD), from which FRED is integrated, across forested and non-forested RxCADRE 2011 and 2012 burn blocks. Airborne longwave infrared (LWIR) image time series were calibrated to FRFD and integrated to provide FRED. Surface fuel loads measured in clip sample plots were predicted across burn blocks from airborne lidar-derived metrics. Maps of surface fuels and FRED were corrected for occlusion of the radiometric signal by the overstorey canopy in the forested blocks, and FRED maps were further corrected for temporal and spatial undersampling of FRFD. Fuel consumption predicted from FRED derived from both airborne LWIR imagery and various ground validation sensors approached a linear relationship with observed fuel consumption, which matched our expectation. These field, airborne lidar and LWIR image datasets, both before and after calibrations and corrections have been applied, will be made publicly available from a permanent archive for further analysis and to facilitate fire modelling.

Radiant flux density, energy density and fuel consumption in mixed-oak forest surface fires

2012 ◽  
Vol 21 (6) ◽  
pp. 722 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. L. Kremens ◽  
M. B. Dickinson ◽  
A. S. Bova
Keyword(s):  
Energy Density ◽  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Energy Transport ◽  
Heat Budget ◽  
Wildland Fire ◽  
Linear Increase ◽  
Dual Band ◽  
Radiative Energy ◽  
Eastern United States ◽  
Soil Heating

Closing the wildland fire heat budget involves characterising the heat source and energy dissipation across the range of variability in fuels and fire behaviour. Meeting this challenge will lay the foundation for predicting direct ecological effects of fires and fire–atmosphere coupling. In this paper, we focus on the relationships between the fire radiation field, as measured from the zenith, fuel consumption and the behaviour of spreading flame fronts. Experiments were conducted in 8 × 8-m outdoor plots using preconditioned wildland fuels characteristic of mixed-oak forests of the eastern United States. Using dual-band radiometers with a field of view of ~18.5 m2 at a height of 4.2 m, we found a near-linear increase in fire radiative energy density over a range of fuel consumption between 0.15 and 3.25 kg m–2. Using an integrated heat budget, we estimate that the fraction of total theoretical combustion energy density radiated from the plot averaged 0.17, the fraction of latent energy transported in the plume averaged 0.08, and the fraction accounted for by the combination of fire convective energy transport and soil heating averaged 0.72. Future work will require, at minimum, instantaneous and time-integrated estimates of energy transported by radiation, convection and soil heating across a range of fuels.

Study of Diabetic Mellitus and Knowledge of Lotion Foot Care on the Community

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hariyadi DM ◽  
Athiyah U ◽  
Hendradi E ◽  
Rosita N ◽  
Erawati T ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
T Test ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Foot Care ◽  
Diabetic Mellitus ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Blood Glucose Levels ◽  
Before And After ◽  
History Of

The prevention of Diabetic Mellitus (DM) and its complications is the main aim of this study, in addition to the training of lotion foot care application and the development of small scale industry. The research team delivered knowledge in the form of training on Diabetic Mellitus, healthy food, treatment and prevention of complications, and small-scale production of cosmetic products. The aim of this study was to determine the correlation between training on diabetic and lotion foot care application as preventive measures against diabetic complications on the patient's blood glucose levels in the community of residents in Banyuurip Jaya, Surabaya. It was expected from this training that the knowledge of the residents increases and people living with diabetic undergo lifestyle changes and therefore blood sugar levels can be controlled. The parameters measured in this research were blood glucose levels, the anti diabetic drug types consumed, and compliance on diabetics. This study used the data taken from 60 patients with DM over a period of one month. Questionnaires and log books was used to retrieve data and changes in blood glucose levels in diabetic patients. The results showed the demographic data of patients with type 2 diabetic of 85% female and 15% male, with the range of patients aged of 61-70 years of 46.67% and had history of diabetic (90%). The history of drugs consumed by respondents was anti diabetic drugs such as metformin (40%), glimepiride (33.37%) and insulin (6.67%). In addition, the increased knowledge of DM patients after being given the training compared to before training was shown in several questions in the questionnaire. A statistical analysis using t-test analyzed a correlation between training provided in order to enhance understanding of the patient, as well as correlation with blood glucose levels. A paired T-test showed that there was a relationship between the knowledge of trainees before and after training (p less than 0.05). An interesting result was that there was no relationship between blood glucose levels before and after training provided (p> 0.05).

scholarly journals Species and characteristics of volatile organic compounds emitted from an auto-repair painting workshop

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Y. Song ◽  
H. Chun
Keyword(s):  
Volatile Organic Compounds ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Butyl Acetate ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Indoor Environments ◽  
Voc Emissions ◽  
Volatile Organic ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Adsorption Systems

AbstractVolatile organic compounds (VOCs) are secondary pollutant precursors having adverse impacts on the environment and human health. Although VOC emissions, their sources, and impacts have been investigated, the focus has been on large-scale industrial sources or indoor environments; studies on relatively small-scale enterprises (e.g., auto-repair workshops) are lacking. Here, we performed field VOC measurements for an auto-repair painting facility in Korea and analyzed the characteristics of VOCs emitted from the main painting workshop (top coat). The total VOC concentration was 5069–8058 ppb, and 24–35 species were detected. The VOCs were mainly identified as butyl acetate, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene compounds. VOC characteristics differed depending on the paint type. Butyl acetate had the highest concentration in both water- and oil-based paints; however, its concentration and proportion were higher in the former (3256 ppb, 65.5%) than in the latter (2449 ppb, 31.1%). Comparing VOC concentration before and after passing through adsorption systems, concentrations of most VOCs were lower at the outlets than the inlets of the adsorption systems, but were found to be high at the outlets in some workshops. These results provide a theoretical basis for developing effective VOC control systems and managing VOC emissions from auto-repair painting workshops.

Labor Productivity and Managerial Efficiency against a Static Technology: The Pennsylvania Iron Industry, 1750–1800

1980 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 129-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul F. Paskoff
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Labor Productivity ◽  
Learning By Doing ◽  
Iron Industry ◽  
Managerial Efficiency ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Consumption Rates ◽  
The Face

An increase in labor productivity and a reduction of fuel consumption rates were two notable and closely related achievements of the management of Hopewell Forge, an ironworks in eighteenth-century Pennsylvania. Significantly, these economies were realized in the face of technological stasis through learning by doing. The analysis of this accomplishment is cast in the larger context of the performance of the iron industry before and after 1800.

scholarly journals Pulsations of blue supergiants before and after helium core ignition

2013 ◽  
Vol 9 (S301) ◽  
pp. 321-324
Author(s):  
Jakub Ostrowski ◽  
Jadwiga Daszyńska-Daszkiewicz
Keyword(s):  
Energy Density ◽  
Kinetic Energy ◽  
Kinetic Energy Density ◽  
Low Degree ◽  
Before And After

AbstractWe present results of pulsation analyses of B-type supergiant models with masses of 14 – 18 M⊙, considering evolutionary stages before and after helium core ignition. Using a non-adiabatic pulsation code, we compute instability domains for low-degree modes. For selected models in these two evolutionary phases, we compare properties of pulsation modes. Significant differences are found in oscillation spectra and the kinetic energy density of pulsation modes.

Effect of Full- and Small-Scale Reeling Simulation on Mechanical Properties of Weldable 13Cr Seamless Line Pipe

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hidenori Shitamoto ◽  
Nobuyuki Hisamune
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Plastic Deformation ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Line Pipe ◽  
Offshore Pipeline ◽  
Oil And Gas Pipelines ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Offshore Oil And Gas ◽  
Offshore Oil

There are several methods currently being used to install offshore oil and gas pipelines. The reel-lay process is fast and one of the most effective offshore pipeline installation methods for seamless, ERW, and UOE line pipes with outside diameters of 18 inches or less. In the case of the reel-laying method, line pipes are subjected to plastic deformation multiplication during reel-laying. It is thus important to understand the change of the mechanical properties of line pipes before and after reel-laying. Therefore, full-scale reeling (FSR) simulations and small-scale reeling (SSR) simulations are applied as evaluation tests for reel-laying. In this study, FSR simulations were performed to investigate the effect of cyclic deformation on the mechanical properties of weldable 13Cr seamless line pipes. Furthermore, SSR simulations were performed to compare the results obtained by FSR simulations.

Efficiency and selectivity of the Anomalocardia brasiliana (Mollusca: Veneridae) hand dredge used in southern Brazil

2010 ◽  
Vol 90 (7) ◽  
pp. 1455-1464 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paulo R. Pezzuto ◽  
Caroline Schio ◽  
Tito C.M. Almeida
Keyword(s):  
Management Plan ◽  
Fishing Effort ◽  
Management Tool ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Commercial Fisheries ◽  
Effective Management ◽  
Southern Brazil ◽  
Fishing Rights ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Experimental Plots

In Florianópolis, southern Brazil, the venerid clam Anomalocardia brasiliana has supported subsistence and small-scale commercial fisheries for decades. The introduction of a hand dredge (gancho) since 1987 led to the development of a significant fishery supplying both local and regional shellfish markets. In 1992 one of the main fishing areas in the region was designated as the first Brazilian Marine Extractive Reserve (Pirajubaé RESEX), a federal form of governance intended to promote sustainable exploitation of natural resources by assigning exclusive fishing rights to traditional users. However, excessive fishing effort, institutional shortcomings and lack of a negotiated management plan have resulted in the overexploitation of the species since 2000. This study was aimed at evaluating the efficiency and selectivity of the hand dredge currently in use at the RESEX, through a field experiment conducted in October 2006. Quantitative samples of A. brasiliana were collected before and after dredging 15 experimental plots. Additional samples were obtained inside the dredge (catch) and respective cover cod-end (discard) for selectivity analysis. A single haul of the hand dredge can dislocate up to 76% of the individuals present in the sediment irrespective of their size, and retain up to 69% of the commercial-sized organisms. The gear has a knife-edge selection pattern, which enables the use of the minimum spacing between the iron bars of the dredge's basket as an effective management tool.

scholarly journals Pengembangan video pembelajaran bumbu dan rempah pada mata pelajaranpengolahan makanan kontinental

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-102
Author(s):  
Febria Demayanti ◽  
Sunaryo Soenarto
Keyword(s):  
Small Scale ◽  
Vocational High School ◽  
Learning Achievement ◽  
Analysis Techniques ◽  
Program Testing ◽  
Interview Technique ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Production Vidéo ◽  
Video Program

Penelitian ini bertujuan: (1) menghasilkan materi video yang layak digunakan sebagai media pembelajaran bagi siswa SMK Jurusan Tata Boga secara umum, dan secara khusus untuk SMK Ma’Arif 2 Sleman. Materi video lebih menekankan pada pengenalan bumbu dan rempah kontinental (continental spice) pada mata pelajaran Pengolahan Makanan Kontinental; (2) mendokumentasikan beberapa bumbu dan rempah kontinental (continental spice) secara detail, meliputi: bentuk, sifat, karakter dan kegunaan bahan tersebut; (3) mengetahui manfaat penggunaan media video pembelajaran dalam meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa. Penelitian pengembangan ini merujuk 3 langkah yang dikembangkan antara lain: (a) praproduksi; (b) produksi; dan (c) pascaproduksi. Uji coba program video dilakukan 2 tahap yaitu skala kecil dan besar. Produk video yang telah direvisi digunakanuntuk pembelajaran PMK. Subjek tes sebelum dan sesudah pembelajaran menggunakan media video untuk mengetahui peningkatan hasil belajar. Pengumpulan data menggunakan teknik wawancara, observasi, dan angket. Teknik analisis menggunakan deskriptif. Validasi ahli materi dan ahli media hasilnya layak digunakan. Penilaian siswa tentang media video pembelajaran bumbu dan rempah kontinental rata-rata siswa memberi tanggapan “sangat layak” serta terdapat peningkatan hasil belajar siswa sesudah menggunakan program video pembelajaran.Kata kunci: video pembelajaran, bumbu dan rempah kontinental, hasil belajar DEVELOPING A VIDEO FOR THE LEARNING OF INGREDIENTS AND SPICES IN THE SUBJECT OF CONTINENTAL CUISINE PROCESSINGAbstractThis study aims to: (1) produce video materials appropriate to be used as learning media for students of Gastronomy in the vocational high school in general and in SMK Ma’arif 2 Sleman in particular; the video materials emphasize the introduction to continental ingredients and spices in the subject of Continental Cuisine Processing; (2) document several continental ingredients and spices in detail including their forms, nature, characters, and uses; and (3) investigate the benefits of the use of the learning video to improve students’ learning achievement. This was a research and development pouting 3 to the steps developed i.e.: (a) preproduction, (b) production, and (c) post-production. Video program testing is done in 2 to the steps; large & small scale. Revised video products are used for PMK learning. Tes subjects before and after learning using video media to the know the improvement of learning outcomes. The data were collected by interview technique, observation, and questioner. The analysis techniques were use descriptive. The results of the validation by the materials and media experts of the results is feasible to be used. The students’ assessment of the video for the learning of continental ingredients and spices show very appropriate responses on the average and there is an increase on the learning outcome after using the learning video program.Keywords: learning video, continental ingredients and spices, learning achievement

scholarly journals The Effect of Problem Solving Course on Pre-Service Teachers’ Beliefs about Problem Solving in School Mathematics and Themselves as Problem Solvers

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 141-159
Author(s):  
Ljerka Jukić Matić
Keyword(s):  
Problem Solving ◽  
Mathematics Teachers ◽  
Teaching Practice ◽  
School Mathematics ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Heuristic Strategies ◽  
Teachers Beliefs ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Problem Solvers ◽  
Positive Effect

Problem solving in schools begins with mathematics teachers. The degree to which mathematics teachers are prepared to teach for, about and through problem solving influences on their implementation of problem solving in school. We conducted a small scale study where we examined the effect of implementation of heuristic strategies and Polya’s steps in mathematics method course. We assessed pre-service teachers’ knowledge and attitudes about them as problem solvers before and after the course. Moreover we assessed their beliefs of problem solving in school mathematics. Those beliefs were assessed in two occasions: right after the course and after finished teaching practice. Although students’ knowledge on problem solving was improved, the results of students’ beliefs show that it is important that pre-service teachers, and consequently in-service teachers, are constantly reminded on the positive effect of constructivist and inquiry-based approach on teaching mathematics.

scholarly journals Izometric effort in the balance stance of handball throw

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (19) ◽  
pp. 97-102
Author(s):  
Alexandru Andrei Gherman ◽  
Leon Gomboș ◽  
Adrian Pătrașcu ◽  
Sergiu Pop
Keyword(s):  
Postural Balance ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Statistical Difference ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Balance Test ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Significant Statistical Difference ◽  
Isometric Effort ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Strong Relation

Abstract Postural balance plays an important role in high performance sports. The line between success and failure may be decided at such a small scale. In handball, postural balance may affect the accuracy of every technique that a played use, especially the throwing of the ball towards the goal. Our study aimed to identify the degree of influence that izometric effort has over the balance stance during a handball throw. Subjects: 210 1st year students from the Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, Babeș-Bolyai University from Cluj-Napoca, were involved in this study. The subjects were both male and female, with the ages between 18 and 21 years old, with and without former performance athlete background. Materials: We’ve conducted the balance test using the AMTI NETforce BP 400600 force platform and the actual isometric exercises were completed in the same laboratory. Two types of planks and a half-squat were used as the isometric exercises. Results: There was no significant statistical difference between the balance variables before and after isometric exercises while holding the ball in hand. There was a significant statistical difference between the displacement before and after for the position without the ball. Conclusion: There is no impact of the isometric effort over the balance stance while holding the handball ball in the throwing position. We’ve identified a strong relation between the isometric effort and the balance stance without the ball in hand.

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