scholarly journals Effects of different vegetation types on burnt soil properties and microbial communities

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (7) ◽  
pp. 628 ◽  
Author(s):  
Speranza C. Panico ◽  
Maria T. Ceccherini ◽  
Valeria Memoli ◽  
Giulia Maisto ◽  
Giacomo Pietramellara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
National Park ◽  
Black Locust ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Mediterranean Area ◽  
Fire Effects ◽  
Herbaceous Species ◽  
Vegetation Types ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Burnt Soil

The intensive wildfires recurring in the Mediterranean area modify soil physico-chemical properties, in turn inducing changes in soil microbial abundance and activity. Soils were sampled from burnt and adjacent unburnt sites within Vesuvius National Park 1 year after a large wildfire occurred in summer 2017. The aims of the present study were to evaluate the effects of fires on soil characteristics and to investigate whether different plant types contribute to mitigating or enhancing these effects. The results showed lower organic matter and water content and a higher C/N ratio in burnt than in unburnt soils. In particular, this trend was the same for all the plant types investigated, with the exception of soils covered by black locust tree and holm oak, which showed a higher C/N ratio in unburnt than in burnt soils. In soils covered by holm oaks, a shift in the bacterial and fungal fractions occurred between burnt and unburnt soils, whereas the amount of ammonia oxidisers was notably higher in burnt than in unburnt soils covered by black locusts; the highest N concentration was also measured in burnt soils covered by black locusts. The burnt soils showed a lower metabolic quotient and a higher rate of organic carbon mineralisation compared with unburnt soils, and this trend was particularly evident in soils under herbaceous plants. The findings suggest that soils covered by herbaceous species are more sensitive to fire effects and less able to restore their functionality compared with soils covered by trees.

scholarly journals Vegetation analysis, physico-chemical properties and economic potential of damar (Agathis dammara) in Mount Halimun Salak National Park,West Java, Indonesia

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yelin Adalina ◽  
RENY SAWITRI
Keyword(s):  
National Park ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Economic Potential ◽  
Vegetation Analysis ◽  
West Java ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Important Value Index ◽  
Selection Of

Abstract. Adalina Y, Sawitri R. 2020. Vegetation analysis, physico-chemical properties and economic potential of damar (Agathis dammara) in Mount Halimun Salak National Park,West Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 21: 1122-1129. Analysing the potential of non-timber forest product (NTFP) plants in Mount Halimun Salak National Park (MHSNP) is one of the important aspects in supporting conservation and improving the economic status of communities around the forest. This study aims to determine the economic potential and benefits of damar plants (Agathis dammara) in MHSNP area of Kawah Ratu Resort, Sukabumi District, West Java, Indonesia along with analysis of damar plant forest and physico-chemical analysis of the copal/resin. The selection of research village was by purposive sampling and the selection of respondents was by random sampling. Forest vegetation in the Kawah Ratu Resort is entirely dominated by damar plants. The Important Value Index (IVI) of damar plant trees is 300% and the density is 582 trees/ha. The quality of copal from Kawah Ratu Resort meets SNI standards in parameters like ash content, soft point and melting point, while the saponification number is above SNI standard. Level of dung in copal chunks meet SNI standards and has better quality than copal in the form of powder. The present average income of farmers from resin tapping is Rp 624,000/person /month, which makes an average contribution of 63.08% to the total household income of farmers. But the actual economic potential of gum resin in Kawah Ratu Resort was estimated to be around Rp 596,920,000/month.

scholarly journals Soil Biological Responses under Different Vegetation Types in Mediterranean Area

2022 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 903
Author(s):  
Speranza Claudia Panico ◽  
Valeria Memoli ◽  
Lucia Santorufo ◽  
Stefania Aiello ◽  
Rossella Barile ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Microbial Biomass ◽  
Soil Microbial Biomass ◽  
Vegetation Type ◽  
Biological Response ◽  
Mediterranean Area ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Vegetation Types ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Biological Responses

The knowledge of the effects of fire on soil properties is of particular concern in Mediterranean areas, where the effects of vegetation type are still scarce also. This research aimed: to assess the properties of burnt soils under different vegetation types; to highlight the soil abiotic properties driving the soil microbial biomass and activity under each vegetation type; to compare the biological response in unburnt and burnt soils under the same vegetation type, and between unburnt and burnt soils under different vegetation types. The soils were collected at a Mediterranean area where a large wildfire caused a 50% loss of the previous vegetation types (holm oak: HO, pine: P, black locust: BL, and herbs: H), and were characterized by abiotic (pH, water, and organic matter contents; N concentrations; and C/N ratios) and biotic (microbial and fungal biomasses, microbial respiration, soil metabolic quotient, and hydrolase and dehydrogenase activities) properties. The biological response was evaluated by the Integrative Biological Responses (IBR) index. Before the fire, organic matter and N contents were significantly higher in P than H soils. After the fire, significant increases of pH, organic matter, C/N ratio, microbial biomass and respiration, and hydrolase and dehydrogenase activities were observed in all the soils, especially under HO. In conclusion, the post-fire soil conditions were less favorable for microorganisms, as the IBR index decreased when compared to the pre-fire conditions.

scholarly journals Effect of tree canopy on species composition, diversity and biomass of herbaceous vegetation and soil characteristics in semi-arid forests of the Aravalli hills

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shriya Garg ◽  
Rajendra Kr. Joshi ◽  
Satish Chandra Garkoti
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Canopy Gaps ◽  
Herbaceous Species ◽  
Soil Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Herbaceous Vegetation ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Semi Arid

Abstract Background: Herbaceous vegetation is of great ecological importance and responds quickly to environmental changes. Present study was aimed to understand the variation in herbaceous species composition, diversity, biomass and soil physicochemical properties in canopy gaps and under the canopy of semi-arid forests in the Aravalli hills. Methods: Four permanent plots consisting of canopy gaps and under canopy were established. To study herbs phytosociological attributes and biomass, 10 quadrats of 0.5 x 0.5 m size were laid in each plot. For soil physico-chemical properties, 5 soil samples were collected randomly at 0-10 cm depth from each plot. Relationship between biodiversity indices, herbs biomass and soil physicochemical properties was determined using Redundancy Analysis (RDA) and correlation analyses. Results: The sites differed in terms of herbaceous species composition, diversity, biomass and soil physico-chemical properties. Canopy gaps were dominated by grasses while forbs were higher under the canopy. Across the sites, poaceae was the dominant family. All species showed contagious distribution pattern. Oplismenus burmannii reported highest IVI (138.0; 230.5) under the canopy while Achyranthes aspera (56.15) and Eragrostis ciliaris (53.1) had highest IVI in canopy gaps. Diversity indices were higher in canopy gaps. Herbaceous community biomass in canopy gaps ranged from 700-900 gm-2 while under the canopy it ranged from 30-70 gm-2. Cenchrus ciliaris (597.97 gm-2) and Chrysopogon sp. (391.2 gm-2) constituted major proportion of biomass in canopy gaps. The soil of under canopy regions had lower pH and bulk density, but higher soil moisture (%), electrical conductivity, soil organic carbon (SOC), soil total nitrogen (TN), SOC stock and soil TN stock than the canopy gaps. Linear positive relationship between species diversity and biomass; negative relationship between soil chemical properties and herbaceous biomass was found in study area. Even though canopy had positive effects on soil physico-chemical properties, overall negative effect on herbaceous diversity and biomass was seen. Conclusions: Reduced light for photosynthesis and tree root competition for soil resources may be the major factors negatively affecting herbaceous diversity and biomass. Canopy had a significant impact and herbs species composition, diversity, biomass and soil physico-chemical properties showed distinct differences in relation to it.

scholarly journals Correlation Studies of Soil Properties with Yield of Rice in a Calciorthents

2021 ◽  
pp. 70-74
Author(s):  
Amit Kumar Pandey ◽  
Ashutosh Singh
Keyword(s):  
Crop Residue ◽  
Soil Health ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Microbiological Parameters ◽  
Main Plot ◽  
Four Levels

Imbalanced use of nutrients through fertilizer have a deleterious effects on soil health, leading to unsustainable productivity. The present investigation was carried out to study the comparative effectiveness of compost and crop residue either alone or in combination of chemical fertilizer on physico chemical properties of soil, soil microbial biomass and crop yield in rice-wheat cropping system in Calciorthents at experimental farm of Dr. Rajendra Prasad Central Agricultural University, Pusa, Bihar in light texture and medium fertile soil. There were sixteen treatments which were replicated thrice in split plot design. Four level of NPK viz., no NPK, 50% NPK, 100% NPK and 150% NPK were kept as main plot treatments whereas four levels of organics viz., no manure, compost @ 10 t ha-1, crop residue and compost + crop residue were treated as sub-plot treatments. The correlation between rice yield and some physico-chemical and microbial attributes of soil were evaluated. Most of soil physical, chemical and microbiological parameters were positively correlated with grain and straw yield of rice. Thus the results suggest that integrated use of balanced inorganic fertilizers in combination with organic manure sustains a soil physico-chemical and microbiological environment of soil that is better for enhancing higher crop productivity.

scholarly journals Effects of wildfires on flora, fauna and physico-chemical properties of soil-An overview

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 887-897 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manoj Kumar Jhariya ◽  
Abhishek Raj
Keyword(s):  
Forest Fires ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Fire Effects ◽  
Fire Season ◽  
Individual Plant ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Fire Exclusion ◽  
Animal Communities ◽  
The Impact

Fire is one of the most destructive threats faced by our forests. Fire is good servant but a bad master. The fire season starts in March/April continues up to June. Wildfires destroy not only flora (tree, herbs, grassland, forbs, etc.) and their diversity but also considerable long term negative impact on fauna including wild endangered species. Repeated fires can convert some shrub-lands to grass and fire exclusion converts some grassland to shrub-land and forest. Fires affect animals mainly through effects on their habitat. The extent of fire effects on animal communities generally depends on the extent of change in habitat structure and species composition caused by fire. Fire can also influence a physico-chemical property of soil including texture, color, bulk density, pH, porosity, organic matter, nutrient availability and soil biota. Drought, disease, insect infestation, overgrazing or a combination of these factors mayincrease the impact of fire on an individual plant species or communities. Common effects include plant mortality, increase flowering, seed production and numerous communal affects. Fire affected area showed reduction in species diversity both in flora and fauna. In a social context, fire directly affects people, property and infrastructure, thereby directly affecting the health and livelihood of individuals and communities.

scholarly journals Vegetation Diversity and Soil Physico-chemical Properties Under Traditional Management of Rangeland in Eastern Ethiopia

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 515 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dargo Kebede Alemie ◽  
Haftay Hailu Gebremedhin
Keyword(s):  
Open Access ◽  
Species Composition ◽  
Biomass Production ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Herbaceous Species ◽  
Vegetation Diversity ◽  
Eastern Ethiopia ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Chemical Attributes

The changes of herbaceous vegetation (composition, diversity, richness, evenness, and biomass production) and soil physico-chemical attributes of Harshin rangelands, eastern Ethiopia were examined under continuously open grazed areas and three ages of enclosures group arranged along chronological sequence into: < 5 years (young), 5-10 years (mid) and > 10 years (old). The herbaceous species composition showed a clear pattern of difference between the enclosure and open access grazed areas with desirable species being more prevalent in the enclosures and the undesirable ones being dominant in the open access grazed areas. The principal component analyses (PCA) of herbaceous species composition were accounted distinct across the open grazing young, mid and old enclosure management types. The diversity, richness and biomass production of herbaceous species were significantly different in the study area. The principal component analysis (PCA) of soil physico-chemical attributes showed distinct separation in relation to open grazing and three age enclosure areas. Overall, we found that the increased biomass production in the old enclosures may threat the herbaceous species diversity by dominating by only few species and hence affected the plants which are susceptible for species inter-competition.

scholarly journals Effects of postharvest Irvingia fruit wastes on soil microbial diversity and physico-chemical properties

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 24-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ebimieowei Etebu ◽  
◽  
John M. A. Torunana ◽  
Josephine Aniso ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Diversity ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Soil Microbial Diversity ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Fruit Wastes

Soil Physico-chemical Properties and Microbial Activity in Ecological Restoration Red Soil Region of Subtropical Southern China

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 72-80
Author(s):  
Liu Qiming ◽  
Li Yao ◽  
Ge Jian ◽  
Jiao Yupei ◽  
Cao Yinglan
Keyword(s):  
Land Cover ◽  
Microbial Activity ◽  
Ecological Restoration ◽  
Stable Carbon Isotopes ◽  
Southern China ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Red Soil ◽  
Natural Forest ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Physico Chemical

Background and Objective: The objectives of this study were to investigate the effects of land use and land cover transitions on soil physico-chemical properties, and to comparatively study soil microbial activity in ecological restoration red soil region of subtropical southern China. Methods: A field experiment was conducted in a natural forest, four ecological restoration forests and an adjacent farmland. Based on the stable carbon isotopes of SOM, the δ13C values data confirm the 6 sites for soil sampling in this study were the ideal location for studying land cover transitions. The data showed that the soil physical, chemical and biological properties under the natural forest were significantly healthier than under cultivation. During forest re-growth on farmland, the ecological restoration time were 34, 26, 15 and 10a, respectively, and the SOM content, C/N, soil colony counts, soil basal respiration and soil enzyme activities significantly increased and approached values of virgin forest. Results & Conclusion: In general, the SOM content and soil microbial activities in ecological restoration forest were usually intermediate between the natural forest and farmland, and there was significant (P< 0.05) difference between forest and farmland. The results indicated that, because of appropriate climatic conditions of red soil subtropical southern China, the dynamic balance of soil ecosystems can be reconstructed and restored in several years or decades.

scholarly journals The effect of organic chelates and gibberellic acid on petroleum hydrocarbons degradation in the soil co-contaminated with Ni and crude oil under canola cultivation

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-22
Author(s):  
Amir Hossein Baghaie ◽  
Amir Daliri
Keyword(s):  
Gibberellic Acid ◽  
Crude Oil ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Treated Plant ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Mean Differences

Background: Soil remediation is one the important problem in environmental studies. Thus, this research was conducted to evaluate the effect of organic chelates and gibberellic acid (GA3 ) on the degradation of crude oil in the soil co-contaminated with Ni and crude oil under canola cultivation. Methods: For treatments, HEDTA and NTA chelates at rates of 0 and 2.5 mmol/kg soil and foliar GA3 (0 (GA3 (-) and 0.05 (GA3 (+) mM) were used. In addition, the soil was polluted with Ni (0 and 100 mg Ni/kg soil) and crude oil at rates of 0, 2, and 4% (W/W). The plant used in this experiment was canola. The concentration of Ni in soil and plant was measured using atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS). The concentration of total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) was measured using GC-mass. The mean differences were calculated according to the least significant difference (LSD) test. Results: The greatest degradation of crude oil belonged to the non-Ni-polluted soil under cultivation of GA3 -treated plant, while the lowest one was observed in the soil received the greatest level of HEDTA and NTA chelates. Applying 0.05 mM GA3 foliar significantly increased the degradation of crude oil in soil and Ni in plant shoot by 12.1 and 8.3%, respectively. In addition, soil microbial respiration was also increased by 11.3%. Conclusion: HEDTA, NTA, and GA3 had a significant effect on the Ni phytoremediation efficiency and degradation of crude oil in soil that is a positive point in environmental pollution. However, the role of soil physico-chemical properties on the phytoremediation efficiency cannot be ignored.

scholarly journals Do Wildfires Cause Changes in Soil Quality in the Short Term?

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (15) ◽  
pp. 5343
Author(s):  
Valeria Memoli ◽  
Speranza Claudia Panico ◽  
Lucia Santorufo ◽  
Rossella Barile ◽  
Gabriella Di Natale ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Quality ◽  
National Park ◽  
Plant Cover ◽  
Mediterranean Area ◽  
Mediterranean Ecosystems ◽  
Fire Effects ◽  
Total Carbon ◽  
Short Term ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
Definition Of

Wildfires have high frequency and intensity in the Mediterranean ecosystems that deeply modify the soil abiotic (i.e., pH, contents of water, organic matter and elements) and biotic properties (i.e., biomass and activity). In 2017, an intense wildfire occurred inside the Vesuvius National Park (Southern Italy), destroying approximately 50% of the existing plant cover. So, the research aimed to evaluate the fire effects on soil quality through single soil abiotic and biotic indicators and through an integrated index (SQI). To achieve the aim, soil samples were collected inside the Vesuvius National Park at 12 sampling field points before fire (BF) and after fire (AF). The findings highlighted that in AF soil, the contents of water and total carbon, element availability, respiration and the dehydrogenase activity were lower than in BF soil; in contrast, pH and hydrolase activity were significantly higher in AF soil. The microbial biomass and activity were affected by Al, Cr and Cu availability in both BF and AF soils. Despite the variations in each investigated soil abiotic and biotic property that occurred in AF soil, the overall soil quality did not significantly differ as compared to that calculated for the BF soil. The findings provide a contribution to the baseline definition of the properties and quality of burnt soil and highlight the short-term effects of fire on volcanic soil in the Mediterranean area.

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