Responses of red-backed voles (Myodes gapperi) to windrows of woody debris along forest–clearcut edges

2014 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 212 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas P. Sullivan ◽  
Druscilla S. Sullivan
Keyword(s):  
Woody Debris ◽  
Forest Edge ◽  
First Year ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Ecological Zones ◽  
Forest Sites ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Abundance And Diversity ◽  
Small Mustelids

Context Southern red-backed voles (Myodes gapperi) disappear from clearcuts within the first year or two after harvest, at least in studies in coniferous and mixed forests of western North America. Post-harvest woody debris arranged in large piles and windrows supports populations of M. gapperi on clearcuts and may extend their persistence there. Aims To test the hypotheses (H) that for M. gapperi, (H1) population parameters of abundance, reproduction, and survival would be higher in windrow–forest than isolated windrow sites, and higher or similar to those in interior old forest sites; (H2) connectivity provided by windrow-forest structures will mitigate potential negative effects of clearcuts and abundance of M. gapperi will remain similar at the abrupt edge between forest and new clearcuts; and (H3) connectivity provided by windrow–forest structures will allow increased movements between both habitats. Methods Study areas were located in three forest ecological zones in southern British Columbia, Canada. Populations of M. gapperi were sampled from 2010 to 2012 in three types of habitats on new clearcuts: isolated windrows of woody debris, windrows attached to uncut old forest, and in uncut old forest. Key results Higher mean values of abundance and number of juvenile recruits of M. gapperi in the isolated windrow and windrow–forest sites than forest sites was contrary to our prediction for H1. In support of H2, we could not detect any differences in the mean number of captures among forest, edge and windrow sections of the windrow–forest sites, nor in the mean range length among the three habitat types. For H3, connectivity provided by windrow–forest structures may mitigate potential negative effects on abundance for M. gapperi at the abrupt edge between forest and new clearcuts. Conclusions and Implications Voles did not commonly move between the forest and windrow habitats, but did move readily within forest and within windrows. Substantial movement by M. gapperi within windrows suggested that this microtine will move along windrows and potentially use these paths of connectivity to cross clearcuts. If the prey base is present, windrow connectivity may enhance these open areas for small mustelids and other carnivores and help maintain abundance and diversity of some forest mammals on clearcuts.

STUDIES ON FOLIC ACID IN INFANCY

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1964 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 507-511
Author(s):  
Yehuda Matoth ◽  
Ariela Pinkas ◽  
Rina Zamir ◽  
Fouad Mooallem ◽  
Nathan Grossowicz
Keyword(s):  
Folic Acid ◽  
Folinic Acid ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
First Year ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Healthy Infants ◽  
Initial Drop ◽  
The Mean ◽  
One Year

The level of folic and folinic acid in whole blood was assayed in 373 healthy infants from birth to one year. Folic acid was high at birth and dropped gradually over the first 8 postnatal weeks. The mean value for the remainder of the first year was significantly below the adult mean. Folinic acid was likewise high at birth and dropped parallel with the folic acid. However, following the initial drop, folinic acid mean values remained well above the adult mean. Folic and folinic acid values were higher in breast-fed than in artificially fed infants and lower in infants whose economic status was poor than in babies belonging to families of higher income.

scholarly journals Sheep manure fertilization in Mimosa caesalpiniifolia in an Albaquult

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 243-249
Author(s):  
Henrique A. de Souza ◽  
Roberto C. F. F. Pompeu ◽  
Rafael G. Tonucci ◽  
Francisco E. P. Fernandes ◽  
Maria D. M. Araújo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Layer ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
First Year ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Sheep Manure ◽  
Collar Diameter ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Degraded Pasture ◽  
Root Collar

ABSTRACT The use of organic fertilizers can increase the production of forest species for the extraction of wood from monoculture stands or integrated systems. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of applying doses of sheep manure on the biometric traits of Mimosa caesalpiniifolia (‘sabiá’) in a silviculture system in an area previously occupied by native degraded pasture in an Albaquult. The experimental design was randomized blocks with four repetitions, with treatments corresponding to five doses of sheep manure per plant: 0, 2, 4, 8, and 12 kg in the first year, while in the second year the double of the doses (0, 4, 8, 16 and 32 kg per plant) were applied as topdressing under the canopy. The following biometric variables were evaluated: height (H); root collar diameter (RCD); diameter at breast height (DBH); above-ground dry weight (AGDW); accumulation of nutrients (aerial part); and soil fertility. The plants were responsive to the organic fertilization regarding the variables H, DBH, and AGDW. The sheep manure increased the mean values of pH, P, K, Ca, Mg, SB, CEC, BS, S-SO4 2- and Zn, and reduced the potential acidity in the 0-0.20 m soil layer. The organic matter variable increased up to the dose of 13.70 kg per plant. The accumulation rates of macro and micronutrients in the ‘sabiá’ plants were N > Ca > K > Mg > P > S and Fe > Mn > B > Zn > Cu, respectively.

scholarly journals Effect of academic stress on physical activity level and cognitive functions in first year medical students: An observational study

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 8-11
Author(s):  
Jitendra Sorout ◽  
Satyanath Reddy Kodidala ◽  
Harsha Soni ◽  
Priyanka Singh ◽  
Nirmal Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Medical Students ◽  
Cognitive Functions ◽  
Physical Activity Level ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
First Year ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
First Year Medical Students

Background: Newly admitted medical students experience a different curriculum, which can be a stressor and may be the reason of stress during student life. Stress may affect physiological, psychological and cognitive functions of the students. Aims and Objective: Aim of the study was to assess the effect of academic stress on physical activity level and cognitive functions in first year medical students. Materials and Methods: This observational study was conducted on 30 healthy newly admitted medical students (18 -25 years). The data was collected thrice, baseline, after two months and after four months. Stress was assessed by using DASS and Cohen perceived stress scale (PSS). GPAQ was used to estimate the physical activity level. And cognitive functions were assessed by using subjective method (MMSE questionnaire) and objective method (P300). Results: No significant difference of mean values of age, height, weight, BMI, physical activity level, DASS score, PSS and P300 latency were observed over the time to which recording was taken. The mean score of PAL represents the high physical activity. But the score of DASS and PSS represent severe and moderate stress level respectively. The significant difference was seen in the mean values of MMSE score and P300 amplitude over the time to which recording taken. Conclusion: The present study results we can conclude that students have stress during their academic period. And this stress might be helpful in potentiating the cognitive functions with the optimum physical activity.

scholarly journals Effect of Fasting on Contrast Sensitivity in Healthy Males

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zarife Ekici Gok ◽  
Abuzer Gunduz ◽  
Cem Cankaya
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Frequency ◽  
Contrast Sensitivity ◽  
Testing System ◽  
Healthy Male ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Ramadan Fasting ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Spatial Frequencies ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Healthy Males

Purpose: To evaluate the effect of fasting on contrast sensitivity (CS) in healthy male individuals during the month of Ramadan. Methods: This study included 45 healthy male individuals, aged between 20 and 40 years, working in the same environment. Functional acuity contrast testing (F.A.C.T) was performed using the Optec 6500 vision testing system. Measurements taken during a state of satiety one week before Ramadan were compared with those taken a minimum of 12 hours after the start of fasting in the first and fourth weeks of Ramadan. Results: Contrast sensitivity (CS) was increased at the spatial frequency of three cycles per degree (cpd) at the end of the first week of Ramadan in comparison to the CS measured before Ramadan (P = 0.03). The mean CS values were increased at the spatial frequencies of 3 and 12 cpd at the end of the last week of Ramadan in comparison to the mean values measured before Ramadan (P = 0.01 for both). Conclusion: Although we found statistically significant increases in CS at certain frequencies, we can conclude that Ramadan fasting has no negative effects on CS.

scholarly journals STUDIES IN THE BLOOD CYTOLOGY OF THE RABBIT

1930 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 145-166 ◽  
Author(s):  
Louise Pearce ◽  
Albert E. Casey
Keyword(s):  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
General Trend ◽  
Late Winter ◽  
First Year ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Second Year

Consecutive weekly observations on the neutrophile, the basophile, and the eosinophile counts of the peripheral blood were made on 5 groups of normal rabbits, a total of 45 animals, during a period of 20 months from October, 1927 to July, 1929. Individual groups were examined 8 to 35 weeks. In the case of the 4 groups followed 13 to 35 weeks, the general trend of the neutrophile cells was towards increased mean values; with the group followed 8 weeks, decreasing values were found. An increase in the mean values of the basophile cells was observed in the two groups of rabbits followed in 1927–28; in the groups of 1928–29, the mean values decreased. The mean values of the eosinophile cells showed no definite trends but the findings were characterized by abrupt and marked fluctuations. The periods of greatest irregularity in mean neutrophile and eosinophile values occurred in the fall and the late winter and spring months of both years, but in the case of the basophiles, the irregularities were distributed throughout the first year and occurred chiefly in the winter months of the second year. The major trends and many of the minor fluctuations as well which were observed in the mean cell values of one group of rabbits were also generally seen in another group examined during the same months. The general levels of the neutrophile, the basophile, and the eosinophile mean values in the groups examined during 1927–28 were higher than in the groups of 1928–29.

The entry of strontium-90 into human bone

1964 ◽  
Vol 159 (976) ◽  
pp. 449-465 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Specific Activity ◽  
Maternal Plasma ◽  
New Mineral ◽  
First Year ◽  
Chemical Methods ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Strontium 90 ◽  
Adolescents And Adults ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Peak Value

For 6 years human bones, mostly femora, have been analyzed for strontium-90 by radio-chemical methods and for natural strontium spectrographically. The mean concentrations relative to calcium (pc/g Ca and μ g/g Ca) are charted according to age. In each year the peak value for 90 Sr was in juveniles aged 1 to 2 years; it increased progressively in 1956–59 and fell in 1960–61. Values for the newborn which are dependent on maternal plasma and on domicile of mother moved similarly with time. By contrast values for bones of adolescents and adults increased progressively. The concentration was substantially uniform between bones in infants and children. In adults cancellous bones especially vertebrae gave higher concentration than ivory bones. The mean values for stable strontium for the six-year period were ~ 200 μ g/g Ca from birth till 6 months of age; they then rose sharply in the next year and later more slowly to 330 μ g/g Ca in adults. It is deduced (1) that the discrimination between Ca and Sr across the human placenta is nearly twofold, (2) that in the first year of the infant’s life the discriminatory processes especially in absorption observed in the human adult are not fully developed, (3) that by considering the specific activity ( 90 Sr/mg Sr) of bone in children according to cohort, bone turnover must be nearly complete in each of the first few years of life whereas in adolescents accretion of new salt is the preponderant factor, (4) and that in the adult where growth has ceased the relative annual ‘rates of replacement’ of existing mineral by new mineral from diet vary about 2% for ivory bone to 8% for vertebrae.

Articulatory Behavior Pre and Post Full-Mouth Tooth Extraction and Alveoloplasty

1980 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 630-645 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerald Zimmermann ◽  
J.A. Scott Kelso ◽  
Larry Lander
Keyword(s):  
Control Subject ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Tooth Extraction ◽  
Kinematic Parameters ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Articulatory Movements ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Experimental Subjects ◽  
Normal Speech

High speed cinefluorography was used to track articulatory movements preceding and following full-mouth tooth extraction and alveoloplasty in two subjects. Films also were made of a control subject on two separate days. The purpose of the study was to determine the effects of dramatically altering the structural dimensions of the oral cavity on the kinematic parameters of speech. The results showed that the experimental subjects performed differently pre and postoperatively though the changes were in different directions for the two subjects. Differences in both means and variabilities of kinematic parameters were larger between days for the experimental (operated) subjects than for the control subject. The results for the Control subject also showed significant differences in the mean values of kinematic variables between days though these day-to-day differences could not account for the effects found pre- and postoperatively. The results of the kinematic analysis, particularly the finding that transition time was most stable over the experimental conditions for the operated subjects, are used to speculate about the coordination of normal speech.

Comparative Study of Intranasal, Subcutaneous and Intravenous Administration of Desamino-D-Arginine Vasopressin (DDAVP)

1986 ◽  
Vol 55 (01) ◽  
pp. 108-111 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Köhler ◽  
P Hellstern ◽  
C Miyashita ◽  
G von Blohn ◽  
E Wenzel
Keyword(s):  
Factor Viii ◽  
Von Willebrand Factor ◽  
Factor Xii ◽  
Additional Advantage ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Routes Of Administration ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Von Willebrand ◽  
Willebrand Factor ◽  
Factor Antigen

SummaryThis study was performed to evaluate the influence of different routes of administration on the efficacy of DDAVP treatment. Ten healthy volunteers received DDAVP intranasally (i.n.), subcutaneously (s.c.) and intravenously (i.v.) in a randomized cross-over trial. Factor XII and high molecular weight (HMW)-kininogen levels increased only slightly after DDAVP administration. The mean increase of factor VIII: C was 3.1 (i. v.), 2.3 (s. c.), and 1.3 (i.n.) - fold over baseline. Ristocetin cofactor (von Willebrand factor antigen) increased 3.1 (2.5), 2.0 (2.3) and 1.2 (1.2) - fold over baseline mean values after i.v., s.c. and i.n. DDAVP, respectively. The half-disappearance time of factor VIII and von Willebrand factor (vWF) after DDAVP ranged from five (factor VIII: C) to eight hours (vWF). The mean increase of fibrinolytic activity was more pronounced after i.v. DDAVP. The antidiuretic effect was moderate with no apparent differences between the routes of application. This study provides further evidence that both i.v. and s.c. DDAVP administration result in an appropriate and reliable stimulation of haemostasis. An additional advantage of s. c. administration is its suitability for home treatment.

Comparative Study of effectiveness of mobilization with movement (MWM) and End range mobilization (ERM) techniques in frozen shoulder

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 519-522
Author(s):  
Jeyakumar S ◽  
Jagatheesan Alagesan ◽  
T.S. Muthukumar
Keyword(s):  
Range Of Motion ◽  
Frozen Shoulder ◽  
Type I ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Functional Activities ◽  
Group A ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Group B

Background: Frozen shoulder is disorder of the connective tissue that limits the normal Range of motion of the shoulder in diabetes, frozen shoulder is thought to be caused by changes to the collagen in the shoulder joint as a result of long term Hypoglycemia. Mobilization is a therapeutic movement of the joint. The goal is to restore normal joint motion and rhythm. The use of mobilization with movement for peripheral joints was developed by mulligan. This technique combines a sustained application of manual technique “gliding” force to the joint with concurrent physiologic motion of joint, either actively or passively. This study aims to find out the effects of mobilization with movement and end range mobilization in frozen shoulder in Type I diabetics. Materials and Methods: 30 subjects both male and female, suffering with shoulder pain and clinically diagnosed with frozen shoulder was recruited for the study and divided into two groups with 15 patients each based on convenient sampling method. Group A patients received mobilization with movement and Group B patients received end range mobilization for three weeks. The outcome measurements were SPADI, Functional hand to back scale, abduction range of motion using goniometer and VAS. Results: The mean values of all parameters showed significant differences in group A as compared to group B in terms of decreased pain, increased abduction range and other outcome measures. Conclusion: Based on the results it has been concluded that treating the type 1 diabetic patient with frozen shoulder, mobilization with movement exercise shows better results than end range mobilization in reducing pain and increase functional activities and mobility in frozen shoulder.

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