Growth-Rates of the Bandicoot Isoodon-Macrourus and the Brushtail Possum Trichosurus-Vulpecula

1993 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 141 ◽  
Author(s):  
RT Gemmell ◽  
JK Hendrikz
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Growth Curve ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Quadratic Equation ◽  
The Body ◽  
Brushtail Possum ◽  
Trichosurus Vulpecula ◽  
Iterative Analysis

Although the bandicoot Isoodon macrourus and the brushtail possum Trichosurus vulpecula give birth to similar-size young, about 200 mg, the pouch young of the bandicoot grow more quickly than those of the possum. The bandicoot is weaned at 59 days when the body weight is between 90 and 250 g. A young possum weighs about 20 g at Day 60 and between 780 and 1031 g when weaned at Day 170-180 post partum. The body weight of both species has been described previously as a continuous curve expressed by a quadratic equation. In this study, instead of assuming the growth curve to be continuous, the growth curve has been expressed as two components. The growth rates of both species were similar from birth until Day 12 post partum; the bandicoot then had a faster growth rate. The results from iterative analysis indicated a change in growth rate at Day 30 (data for Days 31 and 32 were missing) and Day 96 post partum for the bandicoot and possum, respectively. Thus, both marsupials showed a change in growth rate as hair appeared, eyes opened and the young first left the pouch.

Effect of Growth Rate on Mineral Retention and Body Composition of Growing Lambs

1988 ◽  
Vol 1988 ◽  
pp. 102-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Wan Zahari ◽  
J K Thompson ◽  
D Scott
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Calcium Carbonate ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Fast Rate ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Primary Objective ◽  
The Body ◽  
Secondary Objective

The effects of plane of nutrition on the body composition of growing sheep are very apparent when animals are compared at the same age following different nutritional histories. These differences are, however, less obvious when animals of the same breed and sex are compared at the same body weight and at present there is some conjecture whether composition is affected by growth rate. This uncertainty is not limited to fat and protein but includes the bone and ash, fraction and the ash composition.The primary objective of this trial was to study the effects of different growth rates achieved by feeding different amounts of the same concentrate diet on the composition of empty-body gain and on the retention of minerals by growing lambs. A secondary objective was to examine the effect of adding supplementary calcium carbonate to the basal diet at the fast rate of growth.

scholarly journals Breast meat quality of chickens with divergent growth rates and its relation to growth curve parameters

2017 ◽  
Vol 60 (4) ◽  
pp. 427-437 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philipp C. Muth ◽  
Anne Valle Zárate
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Meat Quality ◽  
Growth Curve ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Cooking Loss ◽  
Growth Potential ◽  
Breast Meat ◽  
Fast Growing ◽  
Slow Growing

Abstract. The effects of the increase of body weight of contemporary broilers during growth on functional meat quality and color characteristics of the chicken breast muscle are controversially debated. Therefore, male chickens (n = 264) of a fast-growing commercial broiler (Ross 308) and two slow-growing experimental meat-type chicken lines were compared at equal age and at similar body weight in order to investigate the effect of growth rate on selected functional breast meat traits and meat color. Additionally, the breast meat characteristics of birds with different growth profiles were compared within lines. When the body weight of commercial broilers reached about 40 to 60 % of their growth potential, they exhibited particularly high ultimate pH values compared with slow-growing lines. The ability of the meat of fast-growing broilers to retain water during cooking was impaired (5 to 16 percentage points increased cooking loss compared to slow-growing lines), which, in contrast to pH, was only marginally affected by body weight and/or age at slaughter. No unfavorable correlations of breast meat quality traits with the growth profile, represented by growth curve parameters derived from the Gompertz–Laird equation, were detected within any of the investigated chicken lines. It is noteworthy that the associations of ultimate pH and cooking loss with maximum growth speed indicate a non-linear relationship. Thus, some of the functional characteristics of breast meat of the fast-growing broiler resembled the white-striping defect described for poultry meat, but the hypothesis that selection on increased growth rates is detrimental for meat quality per se could not be confirmed. In fact, an elevated growth potential in particular, i.e., body weight at maturity, could have some beneficial effects for the water-holding capacity of breast meat, regardless of the genotypic growth rate.

Growth curve models for commercial pullets under severe heat stress condition

2009 ◽  
Vol 2009 ◽  
pp. 234-234
Author(s):  
J Fayazi ◽  
M R Ghorbani ◽  
M Nazari ◽  
J Momeni ◽  
A Jaferian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Heat Stress ◽  
Growth Curve ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Harmful Effect ◽  
The Body ◽  
Basic Knowledge ◽  
Growing Period ◽  
Severe Heat Stress

The objectives of our study were to propose a growth curve and to develop a mathematical model to describe the body weight of pullet experiencing severe heat stress (42°C). Poultry producers who raise their own replacement pullets can control their pullet’s growth, condition and development. Many of the problems which occur during the early part of lay can be traced back to insufficient or improper type of body weight attained during the various stages of the growing period. In order to avoid these problems, the body weight of pullets must be controlled. Rearing conditions for pullets vary depending on environmental pressures and can affect growth rate. Without the basic knowledge of the flock grow-out, it is virtually impossible to understand and possibly solve problems which may later occur during the laying period. It must be kept in mind that once egg production begins, it is too late to solve problems resulting from growing period. The two most important criteria of pullet quality are uniformity within the flock and proper body weight at a specific age. Almost anything that adversely affects a pullet will usually be reflected in lower body weights and poorer flock uniformity. High ambient temperatures can be devastating to commercial pullet growth rate; coupled with high humidity they can have an even more harmful effect on proper and recommended body weight. Heat stress interferes with the poultry comfort and suppresses performance efficiency. In order to verify the effect of heat stress on pullet growth rate, many curve modelled, fitted and verified to proposed best one.

Correlates of Growth and Feeding in Laboratory-Maintained Eledone Cirrhosa (Cephalopoda: Octopoda)

1998 ◽  
Vol 78 (3) ◽  
pp. 919-932 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.F. Houlihan ◽  
K. Kelly ◽  
P.R. Boyle
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Feeding Rate ◽  
Specific Growth ◽  
Maximum Growth ◽  
The Body ◽  
Body Weights ◽  
Specific Growth Rates

Octopuses (Eledone cirrhosa (Octopoda: Cephalopoda)) held in an aquarium were subjected to varying conditions of feeding and starvation to evaluate putative indices of feeding and growth. Specific growth rate (%d−1) was linearly related to feeding rate (% of the body mass d−1) in animals with a mean body mass of 250 g at 15°C. Maximum growth rates varied between > 2% d−1 (body weights < 300 g) to < 1% d−1 (body weights ≤ 900 g) but specific growth rates were not related to body weight. Growth rates became negative (weight loss) after one week without food.The digestive gland index (DGI) was significantly correlated with short and long-term feeding and specific growth rates, and with body weight. Muscle RNA concentration was linearly correlated with growth rate during the previous 1–3 weeks but not with feeding rate. RNA:protein ratios were not different between mid-arm and mantle sample sites but arm tip values were significantly higher. RNA:protein ratio was related to body weight only in feeding animals. It is concluded that DGI is an index of feeding rate and that RNA:protein ratio can be used as an index of recent (~ 4 weeks) growth rate.

Growth of vibrissae in the marsupial Trichosurus vulpecula

1974 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 117 ◽  
Author(s):  
AG Lyne ◽  
AM Downes ◽  
HB Chase
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Other ◽  
Trichosurus Vulpecula ◽  
Length Growth ◽  
Excellent Model ◽  
Left And Right ◽  
Mystacial Vibrissae ◽  
Autoradiographic Technique

The autoradiographic technique was used to study the growth of the vibrissae in the mystacial, genal, and supraorbital regions of three brush-tailed possums. During the first cycle there were well-marked gradients in length within and between the rows of mystacial vibrissae. The length growth rates of the corresponding vibrissae on the left and right sides of the body were almost identical at any particular time, although the growth rates varied throughout the cycle. The variations in the final lengths of the vibrissae were due to variations in both the growth rate and the length of the cycle. The diameters increased continuously throughout the cycle. The rate of regrowth after plucking vibrissae from active and resting follicles was also studied. The new vibrissa in a particular follicle initially grew at a much faster rate than either the corres- ponding undisturbed vibrissa on the other side of the head or the vibrissa which had just been plucked. The subsequent rate of growth decreased progressively throughout the cycle. In spite of differences in growth rates during the first and later cycles, the overall dimensions of the successive vibrissae from a particular follicle were very similar. The normal retention of vibrissae was studied in one animal. At least some vibrissae were retained for more than a year after they had stopped growing. The results demonstrate that the vibrissae of T. vulgecula provide an excellent model for studies of the factors controlling follicle activity.

Puberty in the buffalo-cow

1955 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 137-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. S. E. Hafez
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Mammary Gland ◽  
Mammary Gland Development ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
The Body ◽  
Male Homosexuality ◽  
Rectal Palpation ◽  
Gland Development ◽  
Buffalo Cow

Thirty-five buffalo heifers were tested daily with fertile males to ascertain the age and live weight at first possible oestrus and conception. Patterns of sexual behaviour were recorded while rectal palpation was carried out to define the conditions of the ovaries and to diagnose pregnancies. The mammary gland development, as well as the intensity of lactation, were noted post partum.1. Pubertal matings were allowed with less certainty than adult matings. The signs of oestrus were intensified by the recurrence of heat and association with the male. Homosexuality was only observed in the first and second oestrus.2. The average age of first oestrus, first conception and first calving were 406, 647 and 963 days respectively. The body weight at first oestrus and first conception were 198 and 319 kg. respectively.3. The number of services/conception ranged from 1 to 7 with an average of 4·25. The number of silent heats/female ranged from 1 to 4 with an average of 1·65. The period elapsing from first oestrus to first conception ranged from 52 to 438 days. Before conception, there was a period of anoestrus which ranged from 115 to 314 days, this was probably due to weak oestrus symptoms.4. The live weights at 28, 84, 140, 196, 252 and 308 days were correlated with the age and live weight at first oestrus as well as the live weight at first conception.5. All the buffalo-cows except two which showed oestrus conceived. Fourteen animals calved normally while fourteen aborted after 131–318 days. The gestation period ranged from 312 to 321 days with an average of 316 days. The birth weight of young ranged from 33 to 40 kg. Seven animals were not lactating while seven gave 1–2 kg. of milk.6. Puberty phenomenon is a gradual phenomenon and is attained in steps: sexual desire, ovulation, oestrus, conception, pregnancy then lactation.

Concentrations of glucose, albumin, inorganic phosphate and sodium in the blood of beef calves at 2 ½ months of age and their relationships with subsequent weight gain

1980 ◽  
Vol 94 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. J. Rowlands
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Inorganic Phosphate ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Other ◽  
Growth Depression ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Beef Calves ◽  
Body Weights

SummaryBlood samples were taken at 9, 10 and 11 weeks of age from 230 male Hereford × Friesian calves, the progeny of 12 Hereford bulls. Concentrations of blood glucose, serum albumin, inorganic phosphate and sodium were measured and correlated with body weights and growth rates until slaughter at 19½ months of age.Correlations between growth rates and glucose concentrations (0·44) and between growth rates and albumin concentrations (0·38) were observed until 4 months of age. Similar correlations between body weights and blood glucose or albumin concentrations persisted until 6 months of age. By 10 months, however, the correlations had begun to decline, and by slaughter they had become insignificant.Correlations between growth rates and inorganic phosphate or sodium concentrations were smaller, and also decreased with age.The effect of hypoglycaemia on growth rate was compared with the effect of enzootic pneumonia. Although the 10% of calves with the lowest glucose concentrations were growing 24% more slowly than the other calves at the time of sampling, this growth depression was not related to pneumonia, and they subsequently made up for most of the early loss of growth.Three blood samples were also taken from 22 Hereford bulls. No significant correlations were observed between the blood composition of the bulls and the body weights or weight gains of their progeny.

The production characteristics of the indigenous Imroz and Kivircik sheep breeds in Turkey

2004 ◽  
Vol 34 ◽  
pp. 57-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Yilmaz ◽  
M. Ozcan ◽  
B. Ekiz ◽  
A. Ceyhan ◽  
A. Altine
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Growth Characteristics ◽  
Marmara Region ◽  
Sheep Breeds ◽  
Survival And Growth ◽  
Production Characteristics

SummaryThis study was carried out to investigate the fertility, milk production and body weight of ewes and the survival and growth characteristics of lambs of the indigenous Imroz and Kivircik sheep breeds. The Imroz and Kivircik sheep breeds are included among the genetic resources in the project for the conservation of the indigenous breeds in Turkey.Conception rates for Imroz and Kivircik ewes were 57.6% and 81.7% respectively, litter sizes were 1.2 and 1.2 respectively, milk yields were 89 kg and 62 kg respectively and average live weights (2–7 years of age) were 43 kg and 55 kg, respectively. Imroz and Kivircik lambs had survival rates at weaning (90th day) of 98% and 96%, birth weights of 3.3 kg and 4.1 kg and weaning weights of 19.8 kg and 28.0 kg, respectively.The results showed that the Kivircik sheep were heavier and the lambs had a better growth rate until weaning than the Imroz breed. However, the milk production of the Imroz ewes was higher than that of Kivircik. The lambs of both breeds had a satisfactory survival and growth rates until weaning and these results might be regarded as a desired adaptation of the Imroz and Kivircik lambs to the environmental conditions of the Marmara Region.

Breeding Biology of Brushtail Possums Trichosurus vulpecula (Marsupialia, Phalangeridae) in Captivity.

1995 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
R.T. Gemmell
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Life Span ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Young Female ◽  
Brushtail Possum ◽  
Lactation Period ◽  
In Captivity ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Reproductive Capability

The brushtail possum is a common arboreal marsupial that is well adapted to the Australian urban environment and to rearing in captivity. Data obtained from 100 female possums housed in a semi-captive colony over a 7 year period demonstrate the reproductive capability of this marsupial. The main breeding season is from March to June with a declining number of births occurring from July to October. The possums gave birth to 259 single young and one set of twins. The range of the lactation period was from 177 to 200 days with the birth of the subsequent young occurring at 188.4 ± 4.1 days post partum (SD, n = 5). The growth rate of the young female possum varied greatly after day 100 post partum, the mean body weight of possums at day 172, being 753.0 ± 76.2g (SD, n = 5) with a range of 685 to 851 g. Female possums, with a mean body weight of 2171 ± 388g, gave birth to their first litter on day 345.9 ± 69.3 days postpartum (mean, SD, n = 7). Although two female possums trapped in the wild were held in captivity for 64 and 63.4 months and one possum bred in captivity had a life span of 51.5 months, the mean life span was 21.0 ± 12.5 months (SD, n =3D 8), with a range of 14.3 to 51.5 months. This life span is very variable and it is of interest to determine if this is an artefact of captivity or is also observed in the wild.

Factors influencing growth of juvenile spruce grouse

1981 ◽  
Vol 59 (9) ◽  
pp. 1790-1795 ◽  
Author(s):  
Norman W. S. Quinn ◽  
Daniel M. Keppie
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
New Brunswick ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Egg Laying ◽  
Maternal Influence ◽  
Juvenile Growth ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Differential Timing

The influences of date of hatch, and age and prelaying body weight of brood female on the growth rate of juvenile spruce grouse (Canachites canadensis) were studied in central New Brunswick in 1977 and 1978. Because of differential timing of hatch of broods of adult and yearling females, it was not clear whether a difference in juvenile growth rates during 5–14 days of age in 1977 was related to date of hatch, age of brood female, or both. Differences in juvenile growth rates within and between years apparently were not influenced by body weight of brood females prior to egg laying. Results suggest that posthatch factors are more important in determining growth rate than a prehatch or "maternal" influence.

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