scholarly journals RNF2/Ring1b negatively regulates p53 expression in selective cancer cell types to promote tumor development

2013 ◽  
Vol 110 (5) ◽  
pp. 1720-1725 ◽  
Author(s):  
W.-j. Su ◽  
J.-s. Fang ◽  
F. Cheng ◽  
C. Liu ◽  
F. Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Cell ◽  
Tumor Development ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
P53 Expression ◽  
Promote Tumor Development

scholarly journals MiR-7 in Cancer Development

Biomedicines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 325
Author(s):  
Petra Korać ◽  
Mariastefania Antica ◽  
Maja Matulić
Keyword(s):  
Cell Fate ◽  
Dominant Role ◽  
Tumor Development ◽  
Mrna Translation ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Fine Tuning ◽  
Non Coding Rna ◽  
Tumor Types ◽  
Different Cell Types ◽  
The Brain

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short non-coding RNA involved in the regulation of specific mRNA translation. They participate in cellular signaling circuits and can act as oncogenes in tumor development, so-called oncomirs, as well as tumor suppressors. miR-7 is an ancient miRNA involved in the fine-tuning of several signaling pathways, acting mainly as tumor suppressor. Through downregulation of PI3K and MAPK pathways, its dominant role is the suppression of proliferation and survival, stimulation of apoptosis and inhibition of migration. Besides these functions, it has numerous additional roles in the differentiation process of different cell types, protection from stress and chromatin remodulation. One of the most investigated tissues is the brain, where its downregulation is linked with glioblastoma cell proliferation. Its deregulation is found also in other tumor types, such as in liver, lung and pancreas. In some types of lung and oral carcinoma, it can act as oncomir. miR-7 roles in cell fate determination and maintenance of cell homeostasis are still to be discovered, as well as the possibilities of its use as a specific biotherapeutic.

scholarly journals Inhibition of MMP2-PEX by a novel ester of dihydroxy cinnamic and linoleic acid from the seagrass Cymodocea serrulata

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
V. S. Christina ◽  
R. Lakshmi Sundaram ◽  
V. Sivamurugan ◽  
D. Thirumal Kumar ◽  
C. D. Mohanapriya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Cell ◽  
Ovarian Cancer Cell Line ◽  
Cancer Cell Line ◽  
Md Simulations ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Structural Details ◽  
M Phase ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Target Binding ◽  
Cymodocea Serrulata

AbstractMatrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are pivotal for cancer cell migration and metastasis which are generally over-expressed in such cell types. Many drugs targeting MMPs do so by binding to the conserved catalytic domains and thus exhibit poor selectivity due to domain-similarities with other proteases. We report herein the binding of a novel compound [3-(E-3,4-dihydroxycinnamaoyloxyl)-2-hydroxypropyl 9Z, 12Z-octadeca-9, 12-dienoate; Mol. wt: 516.67 Da], (C1), isolated from a seagrass, Cymodocea serrulata to the unconserved hemopexin-like (PEX) domain of MMP2 (− 9.258 kcal/mol). MD simulations for 25 ns, suggest stable ligand-target binding. In addition, C1 killed an ovarian cancer cell line, PA1 at IC50: 5.8 μM (lesser than Doxorubicin: 8.6 µM) and formed micronuclei, apoptotic bodies and nucleoplasmic bridges whilst causing DNA laddering, S and G2/M phase dual arrests and MMP disturbance, suggesting intrinsic apoptosis. The molecule increased mRNA transcripts of BAX and BAD and down-regulated cell survival genes, Bcl-xL, Bcl-2, MMP2 and MMP9. The chemical and structural details of C1 were deduced through FT-IR, GC–MS, ESI–MS, 1H and 13C NMR [both 1D and 2D] spectra.

scholarly journals Oncolytic Virotherapy: The Cancer Cell Side

Cancers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 939
Author(s):  
Marcelo Ehrlich ◽  
Eran Bacharach
Keyword(s):  
Viral Replication ◽  
Cancer Cell ◽  
Cell Metabolism ◽  
Tumor Development ◽  
Oncolytic Viruses ◽  
Oncogenic Signaling ◽  
Functional Connection ◽  
Immunity Genes ◽  
Cancer Cell Metabolism ◽  
Editing Process

Cell autonomous immunity genes mediate the multiple stages of anti-viral defenses, including recognition of invading pathogens, inhibition of viral replication, reprogramming of cellular metabolism, programmed-cell-death, paracrine induction of antiviral state, and activation of immunostimulatory inflammation. In tumor development and/or immunotherapy settings, selective pressure applied by the immune system results in tumor immunoediting, a reduction in the immunostimulatory potential of the cancer cell. This editing process comprises the reduced expression and/or function of cell autonomous immunity genes, allowing for immune-evasion of the tumor while concomitantly attenuating anti-viral defenses. Combined with the oncogene-enhanced anabolic nature of cancer-cell metabolism, this attenuation of antiviral defenses contributes to viral replication and to the selectivity of oncolytic viruses (OVs) towards malignant cells. Here, we review the manners by which oncogene-mediated transformation and tumor immunoediting combine to alter the intracellular milieu of tumor cells, for the benefit of OV replication. We also explore the functional connection between oncogenic signaling and epigenetic silencing, and the way by which restriction of such silencing results in immune activation. Together, the picture that emerges is one in which OVs and epigenetic modifiers are part of a growing therapeutic toolbox that employs activation of anti-tumor immunity for cancer therapy.

scholarly journals Emerging Roles for Browning of White Adipose Tissue in Prostate Cancer Malignant Behaviour

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (11) ◽  
pp. 5560
Author(s):  
Alejandro Álvarez-Artime ◽  
Belén García-Soler ◽  
Rosa María Sainz ◽  
Juan Carlos Mayo
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
White Adipose Tissue ◽  
Tumor Development ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Bioactive Molecules ◽  
Brown Adipose ◽  
Endocrine Organs

In addition to its well-known role as an energy repository, adipose tissue is one of the largest endocrine organs in the organism due to its ability to synthesize and release different bioactive molecules. Two main types of adipose tissue have been described, namely white adipose tissue (WAT) with a classical energy storage function, and brown adipose tissue (BAT) with thermogenic activity. The prostate, an exocrine gland present in the reproductive system of most mammals, is surrounded by periprostatic adipose tissue (PPAT) that contributes to maintaining glandular homeostasis in conjunction with other cell types of the microenvironment. In pathological conditions such as the development and progression of prostate cancer, adipose tissue plays a key role through paracrine and endocrine signaling. In this context, the role of WAT has been thoroughly studied. However, the influence of BAT on prostate tumor development and progression is unclear and has received much less attention. This review tries to bring an update on the role of different factors released by WAT which may participate in the initiation, progression and metastasis, as well as to compile the available information on BAT to discuss and open a new field of knowledge about the possible protective role of BAT in prostate cancer.

Mesenchymal stromal cells promote tumor development and progression

Cytotherapy ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 17 (6) ◽  
pp. S36
Author(s):  
Gyeongsin Park ◽  
Byunghoo Song ◽  
Kyo Young Song ◽  
Yang-Guk Chung ◽  
Youn-Soo Lee
Keyword(s):  
Mesenchymal Stromal Cells ◽  
Stromal Cells ◽  
Tumor Development ◽  
Promote Tumor Development

Epigenetics in Clinical Management of Children and Adolescents with Brain Tumors

2017 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andres Morales La Madrid ◽  
Mark W. Kieran
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Brain Tumors ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Tumor Biology ◽  
Tumor Development ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Pediatric Brain Tumors ◽  
Tumor Formation ◽  
Molecular Profile

Central nervous system (CNS) tumors represent the second most prevalent group of cancers in children and adolescents, yet account for the majority of childhood cancer-related deaths and considerable morbidity among survivors, due to high-intensity non-selective standard therapies delivered to immature nervous system structures undergoing development. These tumors arise at different ages –not infrequently very early in life-, in different locations and cellular contexts, have varied cell types of origin, and have heterogeneous responses to the “classic” current therapeutic approaches. Demographic, radiologic and morphological characterization have several limitations, putting into the “classic boxes” heterogeneous tumors that are diverse in their genetic and epigenetic background and that will likely behave biologically different. Given that, epigenetic disruption (i.e. DNA methylation, histone modification and chromatin remodeling) is a common feature identified more and more frequently in pediatric cancer, it is logical to speculate that interrogating epigenetic marks may help to further define the molecular profile, and therefore tumor biology, evolution and treatment of these tumors. An integrated approach that incorporates traditional features complemented with genetic and epigenenetic specific markers offers tremendous promise to “risk-group” stratification and better prognostication. Also, it will help unveil the key driver pathways for tumor formation and for the discovery of targeted therapy for neoplasms that appear in the developing brain, facilitating early identification of therapy responders and track accurately disease progression. In this paper, we reviewed the most representative pediatric brain tumors where epigenetic alterations have been identified as initiating or driving events in tumor development, maintenance or progression.

scholarly journals An Efficient Light-Inducible P53 Expression System for Inhibiting Proliferation of Bladder Cancer Cell

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 1273-1278 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fan Lin ◽  
Liang Dong ◽  
Weiming Wang ◽  
Yuchen Liu ◽  
Weiren Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bladder Cancer ◽  
Cancer Cell ◽  
Expression System ◽  
Bladder Cancer Cell ◽  
P53 Expression

scholarly journals Mechanical Studies of the Third Dimension in Cancer: From 2D to 3D Model

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (18) ◽  
pp. 10098
Author(s):  
Francesca Paradiso ◽  
Stefano Serpelloni ◽  
Lewis W. Francis ◽  
Francesca Taraballi
Keyword(s):  
Cell Fate ◽  
Cancer Cell ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
3D Models ◽  
Mechanical Tests ◽  
Research Approach ◽  
3D Scaffold ◽  
Multicellular Spheroids ◽  
Multiple Cell ◽  
Third Dimension

From the development of self-aggregating, scaffold-free multicellular spheroids to the inclusion of scaffold systems, 3D models have progressively increased in complexity to better mimic native tissues. The inclusion of a third dimension in cancer models allows researchers to zoom out from a significant but limited cancer cell research approach to a wider investigation of the tumor microenvironment. This model can include multiple cell types and many elements from the extracellular matrix (ECM), which provides mechanical support for the tissue, mediates cell-microenvironment interactions, and plays a key role in cancer cell invasion. Both biochemical and biophysical signals from the extracellular space strongly influence cell fate, the epigenetic landscape, and gene expression. Specifically, a detailed mechanistic understanding of tumor cell-ECM interactions, especially during cancer invasion, is lacking. In this review, we focus on the latest achievements in the study of ECM biomechanics and mechanosensing in cancer on 3D scaffold-based and scaffold-free models, focusing on each platform’s level of complexity, up-to-date mechanical tests performed, limitations, and potential for further improvements.

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