scholarly journals Functional analysis of the OsNPF4.5 nitrate transporter reveals a conserved mycorrhizal pathway of nitrogen acquisition in plants

2020 ◽  
Vol 117 (28) ◽  
pp. 16649-16659 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuangshuang Wang ◽  
Aiqun Chen ◽  
Kun Xie ◽  
Xiaofeng Yang ◽  
Zhenzhen Luo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
N Uptake ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Am Fungi ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Nitrate Transporter ◽  
N Accumulation ◽  
N Nutrition ◽  
Nitrogen Acquisition ◽  
Rice Roots ◽  
N Acquisition

Low availability of nitrogen (N) is often a major limiting factor to crop yield in most nutrient-poor soils. Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi are beneficial symbionts of most land plants that enhance plant nutrient uptake, particularly of phosphate. A growing number of reports point to the substantially increased N accumulation in many mycorrhizal plants; however, the contribution of AM symbiosis to plant N nutrition and the mechanisms underlying the AM-mediated N acquisition are still in the early stages of being understood. Here, we report that inoculation with AM fungusRhizophagus irregularisremarkably promoted rice (Oryza sativa) growth and N acquisition, and about 42% of the overall N acquired by rice roots could be delivered via the symbiotic route under N-NO3−supply condition. Mycorrhizal colonization strongly induced expression of the putative nitrate transporter geneOsNPF4.5in rice roots, and its orthologsZmNPF4.5inZea maysandSbNPF4.5inSorghum bicolor. OsNPF4.5 is exclusively expressed in the cells containing arbuscules and displayed a low-affinity NO3−transport activity when expressed inXenopus laevisoocytes. Moreover, knockout ofOsNPF4.5resulted in a 45% decrease in symbiotic N uptake and a significant reduction in arbuscule incidence when NO3−was supplied as an N source. Based on our results, we propose that the NPF4.5 plays a key role in mycorrhizal NO3−acquisition, a symbiotic N uptake route that might be highly conserved in gramineous species.

Rice phosphate transporters associated with phosphate uptake in rice roots colonised with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi

2007 ◽  
Vol 85 (7) ◽  
pp. 644-651 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donna Glassop ◽  
Rosamond M. Godwin ◽  
Sally E. Smith ◽  
Frank W. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Glomus Intraradices ◽  
Rice Genome ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Am Fungi ◽  
Growth Conditions ◽  
Cortical Cells ◽  
Symbiotic Associations ◽  
Rice Roots ◽  
Pi Acquisition

The completed rice-genome sequence was screened with a known inorganic phosphate (Pi) transporter sequence to reveal a family of 13 Pi transporters. This family can be used for studies into Pi acquisition and translocation throughout the plant. Plants that form symbiotic associations with arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi are of particular interest with respect to Pi acquisition because of their ability to utilize both direct and fungal pathways of uptake. Localization of transcripts of two Pi transporters by real-time RT-PCR and in situ hybridization were conducted in rice subjected to low Pi, high Pi, and AM colonization. One Pi transporter, ORYsa;Pht1;13, was detected in rice roots under all growth conditions. ORYsa;Pht1;11 was only expressed in roots colonized by AM fungi. Antisense RNA probes of ORYsa;Pht1;11 localized to cortical cells containing arbuscules and hyphal coils, formed by Glomus intraradices Schenck and Smith and Scutellospora calospora (Nicolson and Gerdemann) Walker and Sanders, respectively. Localization of the ORYsa;Pht1;13 probes was similar to that observed for ORYsa;Pht1;11 in colonized rice roots. This research proposes that at least two rice Pi transporters are involved in acquiring Pi via AM fungi, emphasising the complexity of Pi acquisition in plants with access to two Pi uptake pathways.

The effect of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on total plant nitrogen uptake and nitrogen recovery from soil organic material

2013 ◽  
Vol 152 (3) ◽  
pp. 370-378 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. SAIA ◽  
E. BENÍTEZ ◽  
J. M. GARCÍA-GARRIDO ◽  
L. SETTANNI ◽  
G. AMATO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Organic Material ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Am Fungi ◽  
N Recovery ◽  
Plant Nitrogen ◽  
Uninoculated Control ◽  
Total Plant

SUMMARYArbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi increase nitrogen (N) uptake by their host plants, but their role in plant N capture from soil organic material is still unclear. In particular, it is not clear if AM fungi compete with the host plant for the N coming from the decomposing organic matter (OM), especially when the AM extraradical mycelium (ERM) and plant roots share the same soil volume. The goal of the present research was to study the effects of AM fungi on wheat N capture after the addition of 15N-labelled OM to soil. Durum wheat (Triticum durum) was grown under controlled conditions in a sand:soil mix and the following treatments were applied: (1) AM inoculation with Glomus mosseae and uninoculated control; and (2) soil amended with 15N-enriched maize leaves and unamended soil. The addition of OM reduced plant growth and N uptake. The AM fungi increased both plant growth and N uptake compared with uninoculated control plants and the effect was enhanced when wheat was grown in soil amended with OM compared with the unamended control. Although AM fungi increased soil N mineralization rates and total plant N uptake, they strongly reduced wheat N recovery from OM, suggesting that AM fungi have marked effects on competition between plants and bacteria for the different N sources in soil.

scholarly journals Single or dual inoculation of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and rhizobia regulates plant growth and nitrogen acquisition in white clover

2020 ◽  
Vol 66 (No. 6) ◽  
pp. 287-294
Author(s):  
Miao-Miao Xie ◽  
Ying-Ning Zou ◽  
Qiang-Sheng Wu ◽  
Ze-Zhi Zhang ◽  
Kamil Kuča
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
White Clover ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Nitrogenase Activity ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Total Soluble Protein ◽  
Nitrogen Acquisition ◽  
Dual Inoculation ◽  
N Acquisition

The present work aimed to analyse whether and how single or dual inoculation with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (Funneliformis mosseae, Paraglomus occultum, and Rhizophagus intraradices) and rhizobia (Rhizobium trifolii) improved plant growth and stimulated nitrogen (N) acquisition of white clover. AMF inoculation significantly (P < 0.05) increased root nodule number by 117‒173%, and additional Rh considerably stimulated mycorrhizal growth. Single AMF or Rh treatment dramatically increased shoot by 36‒281% and root biomass by 16‒36% than non-inoculated control, and dual inoculation of Rh and P. occultum or R. intraradices further magnified the positive effect. Leaf and root N content, root total soluble protein content, root nitrogenase activity, and amino acid (e.g., alanine, arginine, asparagine, aspartate, phenylalanine, proline, and tryptophan) concentrations were significantly increased by single or dual inoculation, while dual inoculation of AMF and Rh had significantly superior roles than single corresponding AMF or Rh inoculation. These results suggested that AMF and Rh represented synergetic effects on accelerating N acquisition of white clover to some extent, while the combination of P. occultum and Rh was the best.  

scholarly journals Enhancement of root architecture and nitrate transporter gene expression improves plant growth and nitrogen uptake under long-term low-nitrogen stress in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) seedlings

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Runhong Gao ◽  
Guimei Guo ◽  
Hongwei Xu ◽  
Zhiwei Chen ◽  
Yingbo Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Nitrate Transporter ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
N Accumulation ◽  
Influx Rate ◽  
Expression Levels ◽  
N Assimilation

AbstractOver application of nitrogen (N) fertilizers to crops ultimately causes N pollution in the ecosphere. Studying the response of plant growth and N uptake to low-N stress may aid in elucidating the mechanism of low N tolerance in plants and developing crop cultivars with high nitrogen use efficiency (NUE). In this study, a high-NUE mutant line A9-29 and the wild-type barley cultivar Hua30 were subjected to hydroponic culture with high and low N supply, and the dry weight, N accumulation, root morphology, and expression levels of the potential genes involved in nitrate uptake and assimilation were measured at seedling stage. The results showed that under low-N conditions, A9-29 had a higher dry weight, N content, N influx rate and larger root uptake area than did Hua30. Under long-term low-N stress, compared with Hua30, A9-29 demonstrated higher expression of the HvNRT2/3 genes, especially HvNRT2.1, HvNRT2.5, and HvNRT3.3. Similarly, the expression levels of N assimilation genes including HvNIA1, HvNIR1, HvGS1_1, HvGS1_3, and HvGLU2 increased significantly in A9-29. Taken together, our results suggested that the larger root area and the upregulation of nitrate transporter and assimilation genes may contribute to stronger N uptake capacity for plant growth and N accumulation in responding to long-term low-N stress. These findings may aid in understanding the mechanism of low N tolerance and developing barley cultivars with high-NUE.

scholarly journals Transcriptional Landscape of Ectomycorrhizal Fungi and Their Host Provides Insight into N Uptake from Forest Soil

mSystems ◽  
2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carmen Alicia Rivera Pérez ◽  
Dennis Janz ◽  
Dominik Schneider ◽  
Rolf Daniel ◽  
Andrea Polle
Keyword(s):  
Soil Solution ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Dynamic Environment ◽  
Tree Roots ◽  
N Nutrition ◽  
Nitrate Availability ◽  
N Acquisition ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Transcriptional Landscape

Although EMF are well known for their role in supporting tree N nutrition, the molecular mechanisms underlying N flux from the soil solution into the host through the ectomycorrhizal pathway remain widely unknown. Furthermore, ammonium and nitrate availability in the soil solution is subject to frequent oscillations that create a dynamic environment for the tree roots and associated microbes during N acquisition.

scholarly journals Photosynthetic Traits and Nitrogen Uptake in Crops: Which Is the Role of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi?

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 1105
Author(s):  
Raffaella Balestrini ◽  
Cecilia Brunetti ◽  
Walter Chitarra ◽  
Luca Nerva
Keyword(s):  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Extreme Temperature ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Am Fungi ◽  
Fruit Trees ◽  
Growth Stress ◽  
Nitrogen Acquisition ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Root Symbionts ◽  
Photosynthetic Traits

Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi are root symbionts that provide mineral nutrients to the host plant in exchange for carbon compounds. AM fungi positively affect several aspects of plant life, improving nutrition and leading to a better growth, stress tolerance, and disease resistance and they interact with most crop plants such as cereals, horticultural species, and fruit trees. For this reason, they receive expanding attention for the potential use in sustainable and climate-smart agriculture context. Although several positive effects have been reported on photosynthetic traits in host plants, showing improved performances under abiotic stresses such as drought, salinity and extreme temperature, the involved mechanisms are still to be fully discovered. In this review, some controversy aspects related to AM symbiosis and photosynthesis performances will be discussed, with a specific focus on nitrogen acquisition-mediated by AM fungi.

scholarly journals A Small Amount of Nitrogen Transfer from White Clover to Citrus Seedling via Common Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Networks

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 32
Author(s):  
Linfa Fang ◽  
Xinhua He ◽  
Xueliang Zhang ◽  
Yehua Yang ◽  
Rui Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
White Clover ◽  
Cover Crops ◽  
Root Exudation ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungus ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Nitrogen Transfer ◽  
N Transfer ◽  
N Accumulation ◽  
N Nutrition ◽  
Mycorrhizal Networks

Few studies have examined if perennial leguminous cover crops are able to transfer nitrogen (N) via common mycorrhizal networks (CMNs) to neighboring fruit trees; the gradient of such N transfer could affect the N nutrition of both plants. Using separated three-column chambers to grow plants in a greenhouse, 99 atom% 15N as (15NH4)2SO4 was applied to leaves of white clover (Trifolium repens L.) and 15N was then traced in neighboring citrus (Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck) seedlings interconnected by an arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus (AMF, Rhizophagus intraradices). A range of 66.85–68.74% mycorrhizal colonization in white clover (mycorrhizal and/or Rhizobium trifolii inoculated) and 19.29–23.41% in citrus (non-mycorrhizal inoculated) was observed after 12 months of AMF inoculation in the white clover, indicating a successful CMN linkage was established between these two plant species. This CMN establishment resulted in significant increases in biomass, N accumulation, and 15N content of citrus when accompanied with nodulated and mycorrhizal fungus colonized white clover. N transfer from white clover to citrus was significantly greater under nodulation plus mycorrhization (46.23 mg N per pot, 1.71% of N transferred) than under non-inoculated control (4.36 mg N per pot, 0.21% of N transferred), and higher than sole mycorrhization (36.34 mg N per pot, 1.42% of N transferred). The percentage of N in citrus derived from white clover under nodulated/mycorrhization was 1.83–1.93%, and was highest in leaves (3.31%), moderate in stems (2.47%), and lowest in roots (0.41%) of citrus. In summary, results from this experiment demonstrated that nearly 2.0% of N transferred from white clover to citrus via CMN. Further studies are needed to quantify N transfer between white clover and citrus by other routes, including soil or root exudation pathways.

scholarly journals Nickel (Ni) reduction in Sorowako post-mining soil through application of mycorrhiza Acaulospora sp. associated with Canavalia ensiformis L.

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-37
Author(s):  
M. Akhsan Akib ◽  
Kahar Mustari ◽  
Tutik Kuswinanti ◽  
Syatrianty Andi Syaiful ◽  
Syatrawati ` ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungus ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Am Fungi ◽  
Mining Area ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Canavalia Ensiformis ◽  
Mining Soil ◽  
Ni Content

The nickel (Ni) content in a post-mining soil of Pomalaa mines reached 14,200 mg.kg-1 and became a limiting factor in the plant growth process. A Ni reduction in the soil by using phyto-accumulator such as Jack bean (Canavalia ensiformis L.) can be improved by combining it with arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of the mycorrhizal fungus Acaulospora sp. on the efficiency of Ni reduction by C. ensiformis. This experiment was carried out by using a randomized block design with three different treatments, include: 1) C. ensiformis without Acaulospora sp. inoculation (negative control), 2) C. ensiformis inoculated with indigenous Acaulospora sp. and 3) C. ensiformis inoculated with non-indigenous Acaulospora sp. The study was conducted in the nursery that belongs to PT. Vale Indonesia Tbk., Sorowako, South Sulawesi, Indonesia. The results showed that highest nickel accumulation was found in the root inoculated with indigenous Acaulospora sp. (9500 mg.kg-1), followed by stem (1400 mg.kg-1), leaf and pod (1300 mg.kg-1), seed (1200 mg.kg-1), and flower (1100 mg.kg-1). This study indicates that application of the indigenous Acaulospora sp. can improve C. ensiformis efficiency to reduce Ni content at Sorowako post-mining area.

scholarly journals Identification of a unique ZIP transporter involved in zinc uptake via the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal pathway

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephanie J Watts-Williams ◽  
Stefanie Wege ◽  
Sunita A Ramesh ◽  
Oliver Berkowitz ◽  
Matthew Gilliham ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Uptake ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Am Fungi ◽  
Shoot Biomass ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Zn Nutrition ◽  
Am Fungus ◽  
Mycorrhizal Plants ◽  
Zn Availability

AbstractLow soil zinc (Zn) availability is a limiting factor for crop yield, and increasing Zn content is a major target for the biofortification of major crops. Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi associate with the roots of most terrestrial plant species and improve the host plant’s growth and nutrition through the mycorrhizal pathway of nutrient uptake. Although the physiology of Zn uptake through the mycorrhizal pathway is well established, the identity of the molecular components responsible for Zn transport in the mycorrhizal pathway are unknown.RNA-seq analysis identified the putative Zn transporter gene MtZIP14 by its marked up-regulation in Medicago truncatula roots when colonised by the AM fungus Rhizophagus irregularis under varying soil Zn supply. Expression of GFP-tagged MtZIP14 in roots revealed that it is exclusively localised to the site of plant-fungal nutrient exchange in cortical cells, the peri-arbuscular membrane. Expression of MtZIP14 in a yeast mutant lacking Zn transport function restored growth under low Zn availability. M. truncatula MtZIP14 loss-of-function mutants had reduced shoot biomass compared to the wild-type when colonised by AM fungi and grown under low Zn. Vesicular and arbuscular colonisation, but not hyphal colonisation, were also lower in mtzip14 mutant plants.Based on these results we propose that MtZIP14 plays a key role in the transport of Zn from AM fungus to plant across the peri-arbuscular membrane, and MtZIP14 function is crucial to plant competitiveness in a low Zn soil.Significance statementMajority of crop plant species associate with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, which can increase plant nutrient uptake. Improving our knowledge of how Zn is taken up in mycorrhizal plants will lead to improved plant and human Zn nutrition outcomes. Here, we report a novel plant transporter with a major role in Zn nutrition of mycorrhizal plants. MtZIP14 is involved in Zn transport, is exclusively localised to the specialised plant-fungal interface in roots, and impairment of MtZIP14 gene function results in negative impacts on both plant growth and Zn nutrition.

scholarly journals Enhancements of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi on Growth and Nitrogen Acquisition of Chrysanthemum morifolium under Salt Stress 

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanhong Wang ◽  
Minqiang Wang ◽  
Yan Li ◽  
Aiping Wu ◽  
Juying Huang
Keyword(s):  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Am Fungi ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Chrysanthemum Morifolium ◽  
Symbiotic Associations ◽  
Nitrogen Acquisition ◽  
Salinity Levels ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Total Dry Weight

The study aimed to investigate the effects of colonization with two arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi, Funneliformis mosseae , Diversispora versiformis , alone and in combination on the growth and nutrient acquisition of NaCl-stressed Chrysanthemum morifolium (Hangbaiju) plants in the greenhouse experiment. Mycorrhizal and non-mycorrhizal Hangbaiju plants were grown under different salinity levels imposed by 0, 50 and 200 mM NaCl for five months, following 6 weeks of non-saline pre-treatment. The results showed that root length, shoot and root dry weight, total dry weight, shoot and root N concentration were higher in mycorrhizal than in non-mycorrhizal plants under moderate saline conditions especially with D. versiformis colonization. As salinity increased, the mycorrhizal colonization, the mycorrhizal dependence (MD) decreased. Enhancement of tissue N acquisition is probably the main mechanism underlying salt tolerance in AM plants. It is suggested that the symbiotic associations between D. versiformis fungus and C. morifolium plants may be taken as a biotechnological practice in culture.

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