Challenges and lessons learned in the culture of Indian shrimp, Penaeus indicus (H. Milne Edwards, 1837) in Hapas inside fertilized ponds in Mtwapa Creek, Kenya, 2009.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caroline Wanjiru
Keyword(s):  
Western Indian Ocean ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Chicken Manure ◽  
Population Increase ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Cow Dung ◽  
Coastal Aquaculture ◽  
Penaeus Indicus ◽  
Formed Part ◽  
Additional Support

Abstract World capture fisheries are declining while demand for fish is increasing due to population increase and an upward trend in diet preference where fish is preferred over white meat. It is hoped that aquaculture will help meet this deficit. In Kenya, coastal aquaculture remains under-developed even though over 3900 hectares of land have been designated as suitable for aquaculture. This case study is based on a study where Indian shrimp (Penaeus indicus) were cultured for 106 days, in hapas, inside fertilized ponds at Majaoni in Mtwapa creek, Mombasa district, Kenya. The manures used for pond fertilization were chicken, urea and cow dung. No manure was added in the control treatment. Physical, chemical and biological water parameters were taken weekly, fortnightly and monthly, respectively. Growth performance of the shrimp in terms of weight (g) and length (mm) was monitored fortnightly. The mean growth rates ranged between 1.13 and 2.34% day-1 in the control and chicken manure treated ponds, respectively. The highest net yield (NFY Kg ha-1) and annual production (AP Kg ha-1 yr-1) achieved was 18.87 Kg ha-1 and 64 Kg ha-1 yr-1, respectively, in the cow dung-treated ponds. The data collected from this study formed part of the author's MSc thesis in Aquaculture at the University of Nairobi. A major part of the study was funded by Alcoa Foundation's Conservation and Sustainability Fellowship Program which supported the author as a Practitioner Fellow in 2008. Additional support was provided through the Western Indian Ocean Marine Science Association (WIOMSA) small grant programme.

scholarly journals KINETICS OF PHOSPHORUS RELEASE FROM ADDED ROCK PHOSPHATE WITH SOME ORGANIC FERTILIZERS ON CALCAREOUS SOIL.

2016 ◽  
Vol 47 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
K.M. Naser
Keyword(s):  
Rock Phosphate ◽  
Kinetic Equations ◽  
Phosphorus Release ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Chicken Manure ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Peat Moss ◽  
Silty Clay ◽  
Sheep Manure ◽  
And Control

Laboratory experiment was conducted using silty clay loam soil collected from Agriculture fields in Abu Ghraib to study the release of phosphorus from rock phosphate (10.22 P%) on  a soil treated with three types of organic fertilizers namely; peat moss , sheep manure  , poultry manure and  control treatment (soil only). Ten grams of air dried soil  mixed with 100 mg of ground rock phosphate  and  organic fertilizers added at 2.5% level (w:w) were  incubated at a laboratory temperature (298 K ) after adding  water  up  to two-thirds of the field capacity for 40, 90, 120, 150 and 180 days. Citric  acide  soluble  available phosphorous  was estimated after each incubation periods and kinetic equations used to test its release from treated samples. The additions of chicken manure was the highest in the  amount  of  dissolved phosphorus values followed by sheep manure, peat moss, rock phosphate and control treatment, reaching levels of citric  acide  extractable  phosphorus to  4.2 , 3.8, 3.3, 3.1 and 2.5 mg P kg-1 soil, respectively. The results also showed superiority of first  order equation in the description of phosphorus release from rock phosphate with  release  rate   coefficient  of 3.801 , 3.865 , 4.328 and 4.366 mg P kg -1 soil h-1 for the treatments: soil and rock phosphate only , peat moss, sheep waste and chicken manure, respectively.

scholarly journals Modelling with stakeholders to integrate biodiversity into land-use planning – Lessons learned in Réunion Island (Western Indian Ocean)

2010 ◽  
Vol 25 (11) ◽  
pp. 1413-1427 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erwann Lagabrielle ◽  
Aurélie Botta ◽  
Williams Daré ◽  
Daniel David ◽  
Sigrid Aubert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Indian Ocean ◽  
Land Use Planning ◽  
Western Indian Ocean ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Reunion Island ◽  
Réunion Island

scholarly journals Isotopic of nitrogen and chemical analysis of deferred grazing marandu palisadegrass fertilized with urea and poultry litter

2016 ◽  
Vol 37 (4Supl1) ◽  
pp. 2609 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vania Luzia Fournou de Lima ◽  
Carlos Ducatti ◽  
Paulo Roberto de Lima Meirelles ◽  
Luciane Do Carmo Seraphim ◽  
Marco Aurélio Factori ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stable Isotope ◽  
Total Nitrogen ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Poultry Litter ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Chicken Manure ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Total N ◽  
Urochloa Brizantha

This study aimed to evaluate and quantify the methodology of stable isotopes, 15N values for the organic fertilizer (chicken manure) and inorganic (urea). In addition to evaluating the incorporation rate, chemical half-life and analysis thereof, for possible traceability through the pasture fertilized with different sources of N. The technique of employment with use of tracer stable isotope 15N possible to estimate the changes in the N soil, even in the face of the various changes that take place concurrently. The methodology determines the path of both N isotopes (15N and 14N), providing information about the system and estimating N transformation rates The experimental work was conducted at the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, UNESP Botucatu. An area of 576m2 was used for the parcels, which were divided between the 3 treatments with 4 repetitions each: T1 - control treatment without fertilization; T2 - fertilization with urea and T3 - organic fertilizer with poultry litter. The grass was cut every 15 days, three months after fertilization, for a total of four periods of grazing exclusion. Experimental samples were analyzed for the isotopic nitrogen and crude protein, neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber, cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin composition. Degradation of poultry litter, the sand bag method was analyzed by linear regression. (delta-N-15) forage, fodder percentage of nitrogen, percentage of total nitrogen sheet, (delta-N-15) on the sheet, and (delta-N-15) at the helm were different between treatments. To this end collection, difference was observed for% Total Nitrogen, % Total N in sheet, % Total N in the trunk and% Total N at the helm. The crude protein analysis revealed significant differences between treatments, while the crude protein and lignin differ according to time after fertilization. The technique of N stable isotope effectively distinguish the composition of organic and inorganic fertilizers in deferred grazing pastures of Urochloa brizantha cv. Marandu. Forage quality was not influenced by the source of N.

scholarly journals Growth and yield of okra influenced by different types of fertilizers and netting

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
MA Muqtadir ◽  
MA Islam ◽  
T Haque ◽  
A Nahar
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Leaf Length ◽  
Combined Effect ◽  
Inorganic Fertilizer ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Cow Dung ◽  
Treatment Combination ◽  
Blue Colour ◽  
Different Types

An experiment was conducted at the Horticulture Farm of Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh during the period from March 2017 to June 2017 with a view to evaluate the effect of different types of fertilizer and netting on the growth and yield of okra. The experiment consisted of 4 levels of fertilizer following cow dung 15 t/ha (F1), inorganic fertilizer (NPK) (F2), combined application of cow dung (2/3) + inorganic fertilizer (1/3) (F3), control (F4) and 2 levels of mosquito netting (N0 = control with no netting, N1=blue colour Netting). The experiment was laid out in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with 3 replications. Overall, the growth like plant height, leaf length, pod length, pod diameter and pods numbers of okra was found higher from the combined effect of F3N1 which was significantly different from other treatments combination. The lowest growth and yield of okra was found from the treatment combination of F4N0 (control). First flowering were observed in F3N1 at 39 days after planting of okra seeds. The control treatment without net gave the lowest production of okra compared to combination of inorganic fertilizer and cow dung with netting.  In case of fertilizers effect, the highest yield (16.06 t/ha) was found from F3.  Blue colour net gave the highest yield (10.99 t/ha) compared to without net (8.88 t/ha). The highest yield of okra (17.55 t/ha) was found from the combined effect of F3N1 which was 78.52% higher compared to control treatment combination F4N0 (3.77 t/ha). Progressive Agriculture, Vol. 30, Suppl. 1: 1-9, 2019

scholarly journals PRODUCTIVITY OF PINTO BEANS (Arachis pintoi) WITH DIFFERENT TYPES AND DOSAGE OF ORGANIC FERTILIZER

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 84
Author(s):  
Witariadi N. M. ◽  
N. N. Candraasih K.
Keyword(s):  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Chicken Manure ◽  
Cow Dung ◽  
Arachis Pintoi ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Pinto Beans ◽  
Leaf Dry Weight

The study aims to determine the productivity of pinto beans (Arachis pintoi) which is fertilized with differenttypes of organic fertilizer including its dosage. The study was conducted by using a completely randomized design(CRD) within two patterns of factors. Firstly, organic fertilizers are cow dung (S) and chicken manure (A). Secondly,dosages without fertilizer (D0), 15 tons/ha dosages (D1), 20 tons/ha dosages (D2), dosage of 25 tons/ha (D3); anddosage of 30 tons/ ha (D4) of organic fertilizers. The variables observed were plant height, number of branches,number of leaves, leaf dry weight, stem dry weight, total forage dry weight, leaf areat and leaf dry weight ratio withstem dry weight. The results showed no interaction between the type and dosage of fertilizer in which the growthand production of pinto beans (Arachis pintoi) gave the same results by fertilizing with 25-30 tons/ha dosagesof chicken manure. It can be concluded that increasing the productivity of pinto beans (Arachis pintoi) can befertilized with 25-30 tons/ha dosages of chicken manure

Influence of organic sources of nutrients on vanilla (Vanilla planifolia) as an intercrop in coconut garden

2016 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
H. P. Maheswarappa, V. Krishnakumar, ◽  
Alka Gupta, A. Geetha Kumari
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Cow Dung ◽  
Biogas Slurry ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Vigorous Growth

<p>Performance of vanilla, as influenced by organic source of nutrition when grown as intercrop in coconut garden, was studied in sandy loam soil at ICAR-CPCRI, Kasaragod, Kerala for seven years. Field experiments were carried out with different sources of organic manures, recommended NPK fertilizer and no fertilizer treatments. Application of cow dung slurry (6 tonnes ha<sup>-1</sup>) resulted in vigorous growth of vine (vine length of 5.5 m) and higher number of beans per vine (208) and a significantly higher mean fresh yield of bean (1.87 kg vine<sup>-1</sup>). Application of vermicompost (5 kg plant<sup>-1</sup>) + biofertilizers (<em>Bacillus</em> and <em>Azospirillum</em>) and vermiwash were on par and recorded mean fresh yield of 1.47 kg vine<sup>-1</sup> and 1.30 kg vine<sup>-1</sup>, respectively. Control treatment without fertilizer application recorded significantly lower fresh bean yield (0.55 kg vine<sup>-1</sup>) due to lower number of beans per vine (72 nos.).  In the rhizosphere of vanilla, no significant difference for either bacterial or actinomycetes population was noticed among the treatments. The fungal population differed significantly among the treatments and the highest population level was found with application of biogas slurry (62.1x10<sup>3</sup>cfu g<sup>-1</sup> soil), which was on par with application of cow dung slurry (59x10<sup>3</sup> cfu g<sup>-1</sup> soil). Among the function specific microbial communities, the highest population of  P-solubilisers (98x10<sup>3</sup> cfu g<sup>-1</sup> soil) was recorded in the biogas slurry treatment, and it was the lowest in control and vermiwash application treatments. The average coconut yield realized during experimental period(2004-05 to 2009-10) was 136 nuts per palm, recording 53 per cent increase in yield compared to pre-experimental yield (89 nuts per palm). </p>

Relationship of 1977 State Suicide Rates to Population Increases and Immigration

1981 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 856-858 ◽  
Author(s):  
Myron Boor
Keyword(s):  
Social Integration ◽  
District Of Columbia ◽  
Crime Rates ◽  
Population Increase ◽  
Suicide Rates ◽  
Divorce Rates ◽  
Two Indices ◽  
Additional Support ◽  
Relationship Of

The 1977 suicide rates of the 50 states and the District of Columbia were related significantly to their rates of population increase and immigration. These results, which were replicated with data from 1940, 1950, 1960, and 1970, provide additional support for Durkheim's hypothesized relationship between suicide rates and societal integration, since high rates of immigration and population increase are likely to characterize geographical areas with low social integration. As expected, crime rates and divorce rates were related significantly to suicide rates and to these two indices of social integration.

scholarly journals (P2-43) Utilizing a Unified Health Command Structure for Mass Gathering Preparedness and Response: Lessons Learned from the 2008 Pacific Arts Festival

2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (S1) ◽  
pp. s149-s150
Author(s):  
D.B. Bouslough ◽  
S. Lemusu ◽  
F. Avegalio
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Interpersonal Violence ◽  
Hospital Setting ◽  
Respiratory Illness ◽  
American Samoa ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Surveillance Data ◽  
Population Increase ◽  
Mass Gathering ◽  
Arts Festival

BackgroundThe Pacific Arts Festival is a mass-gathering event occurring every four years in Oceania. The 10th festival in American Samoa, July 20 to August 2, 2008, brought 2200 performers and 2500 tourists (a 15% population increase) from 27 Pacific nations to the island. Anticipated healthcare concerns included hospital surge (175% in 2004), HIV/STI transmission, imported/communicable diseases, food/water/sanitation-borne illness, interpersonal violence, and healthcare resource utilization.ObjectiveTo describe the preparedness and response efforts for this mass gathering event by emergency medical services, the hospital, and the department of health.MethodsA retrospective review of after-action reports, public health and emergency department surveillance records, and key-informant interviews was conducted. Descriptive statistics were used to evaluate data.ResultsA Unified Command structure was utilized for pre-/post-event response. Patient surveillance data was collected daily. During the festival 217 participants (42% female, 58% male, Average age 36) sought medical care. Acute illness (n = 166), injury (n = 39), other (n = 15), routine follow up (n = 9), chronic conditions (n = 6), mental health (n = 1), OB/GYN (n = 1) were complaints addressed. Predominant acute illnesses included headache (n = 49, 23%), respiratory illness (n = 30, 14%), musculoskeletal pain (n = 26, 12%), and gastroenteritis (n = 17, 8%). One fatality occurred among delegates. No public health outbreaks were reported. Visits per healthcare venue demonstrated a decentralization of patient surge from the hospital setting (37.4% venue aid stations, 28.1% delegation medical staff, 24% DOH clinic, 10.6% hospital).ConclusionA unified health command structure was effective in responding to this mass gathering event. Surveillance data was rapidly gathered and utilized to direct healthcare resources. Efforts to decentralize healthcare from the hospital were successful. Public health emergencies were avoided.

scholarly journals Pemberdayaan Masyarakat Tani melalui Penerapan Sistem Pertanian Terpadu di Nagari Singkarak, Kecamatan X Koto Singkarak, Kabupaten Solok

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 127
Author(s):  
Delvi Yanti ◽  
Mislaini Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Farming System ◽  
Chicken Manure ◽  
Cow Dung ◽  
Target Groups ◽  
Particle Composition ◽  
Integrated Farming ◽  
Media Source ◽  
Quality Of Outcome ◽  
The Media

The objectives of KKN-PPM activity are: 1) The method of utilizing the wastes of agriculture and stock husbandry as the media source of production oriented at the quality of outcome and the preservation of environment; and 2) The formation of sustainable integrated farming centers. The methods of activity applied are participation and action that involve the groups of target society and students who act as the facilitators. This activity was followed by 28 students partnering with <em>Cimpago Putih</em> farmer group. The results achieved on this activity are that the target groups have understood the method of utilizing the wastes of agriculture and stock husbandry, and together with the students made the demonstration plot of integrated farming system. The results achieved on each demonstration plot are: 1) The demonstration plot of mina paddy namely the growths of paddy and fish that look good; 2) The demonstration plot of combining fishery and stock husbandry, namely to decrease the contamination of environment by chicken manure; 3) The demonstration plot of biogas made of cow dung, namely gas (formed after 20 days from the first refill) and liquid compost (the sludge of biogas by-product) with the particle composition of nitrogen (2.59%), phosphor (0.022%), and kalium (4.01%); 4) The demonstration plot of compost from the waste of agriculture namely solid compost (straw and kirinyuh) with the particle composition of nitrogen, phosphor, and kalium are 2.14, 0.407, and 1.79%; and 5) the demonstration plot of cultivation and processing of forage namely the better growth of elephant grass with the ratio of alive and dead elephant of 30:1 and the paddy straw of ammoniation (the smell of ammonia, the color of brown green, and none fungus).

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document