scholarly journals Pretranslational regulation of the expression of the lipoprotein lipase (EC 3.1, l.34) gene by dietary fatty acids in the rat

1993 ◽  
Vol 70 (3) ◽  
pp. 727-736 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. C. Murphy ◽  
A. Zampelas ◽  
S. M. Puddicombe ◽  
N. P. Furlonger ◽  
L. M. Morgan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Fish Oil ◽  
Lipoprotein Lipase ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Cdna Probe ◽  
Dietary Fatty Acids ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Mixed Oil ◽  
Maize Oil

Although there have been a number of studies of effects of diet and hormones on lipoprotein lipase (EC 3.1.1.34; LPL) activity and levels of LPL mRNA (Raynolds et al. 1990), there have been no studies which have investigated effects of different dietary fatty acids on LPL gene expression. In the present study male Wistar Albino rats were pair-fed diets containing 50 g fat/kg of different fatty acid composition for 2 weeks. The diets fed were (1) a mixed oil (450 g saturated fatty acids, 420 g monounsaturated fatty acids, 130 g polyunsaturated fatty acids/kg; n 8), (2) maize oil (n 8), or (3) fish oil (n 8). Animals were killed, RNA was extracted from liver and perirenal and epididymal fat pads, and analysed by ‘Northern methodology’. Samples were hybridized to a human cDNA probe for LPL (Gotoda et al. 1989). Two transcripts were identified in epididymai and perirenal adipose tissue which were approximately 3·7 and 1·7 kb in size. The results suggested that (1) fish oil-fed animals had significantly greater production of LPL mRNA in epididymai adipose tissue compared with maize oil-fed animals (P < 0·05), (2) maize oil-fed animals had significantly greater production of LPL mRNA in perirenal fat compared with the other dietary groups (P < 0·05), (3) expression in the liver was not significant. Rats fed on a fish oil diet had significantly reduced plasma triacylglycerol concentrations compared with the mixed-oil group (P < 0·05), but there were no significant differences in plasma cholesterol. The differences in LPL could not be explained directly by the changes in plasma immunoreactive-insulin and glucose-dependent insulinotrophic polypeptide levels in the three groups.

scholarly journals Effects of dietary n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, breed and dietary vitamin E on the fatty acids of lamb muscle, liver and adipose tissue

2004 ◽  
Vol 91 (4) ◽  
pp. 551-565 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Demirel ◽  
A. M. Wachira ◽  
L. A. Sinclair ◽  
R. G. Wilkinson ◽  
J. D. Wood ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Vitamin E ◽  
Fish Oil ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Dietary Fatty Acids ◽  
Polar Lipids ◽  
Dietary Vitamin ◽  
Lipid Fractions

The effect of feeding n-3 PUFA on the fatty acid composition of muscle, adipose tissue and liver of lambs was investigated. Groups of eight ram lambs per breed, Suffolk×Lleyn (24kg live weight) and Scottish Blackface (18kg live weight), were each fed one of six diets containing one of three fat sources (50g fatty acids/kg DM; Megalac® (calcium soap of palm fatty acid distillate; Volac Ltd, Royston, Herts., UK) and formaldehyde-treated whole linseed (Trouw Nutrition UK, Northwich, Ches., UK) either alone or with fish oil (1:1, w/w) and either 100 or 500mg α-tocopheryl acetate/kg DM. Feed was offered ad libitum until slaughter at approximately half breed mature live weight. The type of dietary fat had no effect on intake, growth rate or feed conversion ratio. The 3·0-fold higher concentration of 18:3n-3 in the linseed compared with the Megalac® diet approximately doubled (P<0·001) the concentration in the neutral and polar lipid fractions of musculus semimembranosus and liver, and in adipose tissue it increased 2·5-fold. Feeding protected linseed also increased (P<0·001) concentrations of 20:5n-3 and 22:5n-3 in muscle polar lipids and both lipid fractions of liver. The linseed–fish oil raised the 20:5n-3 concentrations above those for the linseed diet and also increased 22:6n-3. Scottish Blackface lambs had lower concentrations of 18:3n-3 in all lipids compared with Suffolk x Lleyn lambs, but more 20:5n-3 in the polar lipids of muscle and liver. High levels of dietary vitamin E were associated with small decreases in the concentration of monounsaturated fatty acids and increases in PUFA. Linseed raised the PUFA:saturated fatty acid ratios in liver and adipose tissue but not in muscle, and improved the n-6:n-3 fatty acid ratio, as did the linseed–fish oil. Different combinations of dietary fatty acids and better protection against rumen biohydrogenation are required to improve muscle PUFA:saturated fatty acids ratios.

Effects of dietary fatty acids on lipogenesis and lipid traits in muscle, adipose tissue and liver of growing rabbits

1998 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 483-489 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Gondret ◽  
J. Mourot ◽  
F. Lebas ◽  
M. Bonneau
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Lipid Content ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Coconut Oil ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Dietary Fatty Acids ◽  
Medium Chain ◽  
Perirenal Fat

AbstractThe effects of fat source on lipogenesis and lipid traits of longissimus muscle, liver and perirenal adipose tissue, were studied in 48 New Zealand White rabbits, slaughtered at 11 or 15 weeks of age. Rabbits were offered diets with 20 g added fat per kg, containing either medium-chain (COC: coconut oil), saturated and monounsaturated (PAL: palm oil) or polyunsaturated (SUN: sunflower oil) fatty acids as major components. Diets did not affect growth performance, dressing proportion and tissue weights. Intramuscular lipid content was lower for COC than for SUN and PAL (e.g. 10 v. 13 and 12 glkg, at 11 weeks, respectively, P < 0·05), whereas lipid content was unaffected by diet in liver and perirenal fat. In muscle, the fat source did not influence the activities of acetyl-CoA-carboxylase (CBX), malic enzyme (ME) and glucose-6-phosphodehydrogenase (G6PDH). In liver, activities ofGSPDH and ME were depressed from the SUN diet, as compared with the COC or PAL diets. The diet-induced variations in enzyme activities in perirenal fat were lower than in the liver and were not significant. Medium-chain fatty acids were found only in tissue lipids of animals given COC. The ratio of polyunsaturated to saturated fatty acids decreased in the order SUN > PAL > COC in muscle and perirenal fat. Thus, polyunsaturated fatty acids exert an inhibition of G6PDH and ME activities specifically in liver. Compared with COC, the addition of SUN to the basal diet increased total lipids and polyunsaturated fatty acids contents in the longissimus lumborum muscle, which might improve the organoleptic and dietetic qualities of rabbit meat.

scholarly journals Effect of dietary fatty acid composition on inositol-, choline- and ethanolamine-phospholipids of mammary tissue and erythrocytes in the rat

1992 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
pp. 183-193 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine M. Williams ◽  
K. Maunder
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Fish Oil ◽  
Olive Oil ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Dietary Fatty Acids ◽  
Mammary Tissue ◽  
Dietary Modification ◽  
Maize Oil

The present study investigated the effect of feeding maize-oil, olive-oil and fish-oil diets, from weaning to adulthood, on rat mammary tissue and erythrocyte phospholipid fatty acid compositions. Effects of diet on the relative proportions of membrane phospholipids in the two tissues were also investigated. Mammary tissue phosphatidylinositol (PI) fatty acids were unaltered by diet, but differences in phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) and, to a lesser extent, phosphatidylcholine (PC) fractions were found between animals fed on different diets from weaning. Differences observed were those expected from the dietary fatty acids fed; n-6 fatty acids were found in greatest amounts in maize-oil-fed rats, n-9 in olive-oil-fed rats, and n-3 in fish-oil-fed rats. In erythrocytes the relative susceptibilities of the individual phospholipids to dietary modification were: PE > PC > PI, but enrichment with n-9 and n-3 fatty acids was not observed in olive-oil- and fish-oil-fed animals and in PC and PE significantly greater amounts of saturated fatty acids were found when animals fed on olive oil or fish oil were compared with maize-oil-fed animals. The polyunsaturated: saturated fatty acid ratios of PE and PC fractions were significantly lower in olive-oil- and fish-oil-fed animals. No differences in the relative proportions of phospholipid classes were found between the three dietary groups. It is suggested that differences in erythrocyte fatty acid composition may reflect dietary-induced changes in membrane cholesterol content and may form part of a homoeostatic response the aim of which is to maintain normal erythrocyte membrane fluidity. The resistance of mammary tissue PI fatty acids to dietary modification suggests that alteration of PI fatty acids is unlikely to underlie effects of dietary fat on mammary tumour incidence rates.

scholarly journals Lipoprotein lipase and the disposition of dietary fatty acids

1998 ◽  
Vol 80 (6) ◽  
pp. 495-502 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara A. Fielding ◽  
Keith N. Frayn
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Mammary Gland ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Lipoprotein Lipase ◽  
White Adipose Tissue ◽  
Dietary Fatty Acids ◽  
The Body ◽  
Acid Uptake ◽  
Peripheral Tissues

Lipoprotein lipase (EC 3.1.1.34; LPL) is a key enzyme regulating the disposal of lipid fuels in the body. It is expressed in a number of peripheral tissues including adipose tissue, skeletal and cardiac muscle and mammary gland. Its role is to hydrolyse triacylglycerol (TG) circulating in the TG-rich lipoprotein particles in order to deliver fatty acids to the tissue. It appears to act preferentially on chylomicron-TG, and therefore may play a particularly important role in regulating the disposition of dietary fatty acids. LPL activity is regulated according to nutritional state in a tissue-specific manner according to the needs of the tissue for fatty acids. For instance, it is highly active in lactating mammary gland; in white adipose tissue it is activated in the fed state and suppressed during fasting, whereas the reverse is true in muscle. Such observations have led to the view of LPL as a metabolic gatekeeper, especially for dietary fatty acids. However, closer inspection of its action in white adipose tissue reveals that this picture is only partially true. Normal fat deposition in adipose tissue can occur in the complete absence of LPL, and conversely, if LPL activity is increased by pharmacological means, increased fat storage does not necessarily follow. LPL appears to act as one member of a series of metabolic steps which are regulated in a highly coordinated manner. In white adipose tissue, it is clear that there is a major locus of control of fatty acid disposition downstream from LPL. This involves regulation of the pathway of fatty acid uptake and esterification, and appears to be regulated by a number of factors including insulin, acylation-stimulating protein and possibly leptin.

scholarly journals Nutritional factors affecting the fatty acid composition of bovine milk

1997 ◽  
Vol 78 (1) ◽  
pp. S37-S47 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. J. Mansbridge ◽  
J. S. Blake
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fish Oil ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Bovine Milk ◽  
Monounsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Dietary Fatty Acids ◽  
Milk Fatty Acids ◽  
Total Fatty Acids

The predominant fatty acids in milk are the long-chain fatty acids myristic, palmitic and stearic. These saturated fatty acids account for 75 % of the total fatty acids, with a further 21 % occurring as monounsaturated fatty acids of which the most prevalent is oleic acid. Only 4 g/lOO g of the milk fatty acids are polyunsaturated, occurring mainly as linoleic and linolenic acids. All milk fatty acids are derived, almost equally, from either de novo synthesis or directly from preformed fatty acids in the diet. There are four main dietary sources of fatty acids: forages, oilseeds, fish oil and fat supplements. The digestive tract exerts a profound influence on the fate of dietary fatty acids. The short-chain saturated free fatty acids are absorbed through the walls of the rumen or abomasum into the bloodstream. The medium- and longer-chain saturated fatty acids pass into the small intestine, diffuse across the membrane wall where they are incorporated into lipoproteins and enter the bloodstream via the lymphatic system. The majority of unsaturated fatty acids are extensively hydrogenated in the rumen. However, recent work has shown that the levels of certain saturated fatty acids can be reduced and the levels of oleic, linoleic and linolenic fatty acids increased by feeding oilseeds rich in mono- or polyunsaturated fatty acids. In addition, work reported here has confirmed that eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acids can be transferred to milk when a diet containing fish oil is fed, but the transfer efficiencies are low

The effect of food intake and dietary fatty acids on the activity of stearoyl-CoA Δ9 desaturase in pig adipose tissue

1986 ◽  
Vol 106 (3) ◽  
pp. 601-609 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. J. Buller ◽  
M. Enser
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Desaturase Activity ◽  
Corn Oil ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Dietary Fatty Acids ◽  
Perirenal Adipose Tissue ◽  
Ad Libitum

SummaryStearoyl-CoA desaturase activity was determined in the subcutaneous and perirenal adipose tissue of pigs either fed ad libitum, or starved for up to 48 h. The effect of saturated fatty acids, as suet, or linoleic acid, as corn oil, on the enzyme activity was determined in pigs refed after starvation or fed 50% of the ad libitum intake.Desaturase activity was similar in the outer and inner backfat and was twice as high as in perirenal adipose tissue. Starvation for 48 h decreased the activity by 70, 91 and 94 % in the outer and inner backfat and perirenal adipose tissue respectively. Lowering food intake to 50 % of normal decreased desaturase activity by 46% in the outer back-fat. There was no significant difference in the response of desaturase to 10% corn oil or suet added to the diet during refeeding after starvation or to the diet of underfed pigs. Although the enzyme thus appeared insensitive to dietary saturated fatty acids or linoleic acid, it was inhibited by linoleoyl-CoA in vitro.

Platelet Aggregation in Finnish Men and Its Relation to Fatty Acids in Platelets, Plasma and Adipose Tissue

1985 ◽  
Vol 54 (03) ◽  
pp. 563-569 ◽  
Author(s):  
M K Salo ◽  
E Vartiainen ◽  
P Puska ◽  
T Nikkari
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Platelet Aggregation ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Ω3 Fatty Acids ◽  
Induced Aggregation

SummaryPlatelet aggregation and its relation to fatty acid composition of platelets, plasma and adipose tissue was determined in 196 randomly selected, free-living, 40-49-year-old men in two regions of Finland (east and southwest) with a nearly twofold difference in the IHD rate.There were no significant east-southwest differences in platelet aggregation induced with ADP, thrombin or epinephrine. ADP-induced platelet secondary aggregation showed significant negative associations with all C20-C22 ω3-fatty acids in platelets (r = -0.26 - -0.40) and with the platelet 20: 5ω3/20: 4ω 6 and ω3/ ω6 ratios, but significant positive correlations with the contents of 18:2 in adipose tissue (r = 0.20) and plasma triglycerides (TG) (r = 0.29). Epinephrine-induced aggregation correlated negatively with 20: 5ω 3 in plasma cholesteryl esters (CE) (r = -0.23) and TG (r = -0.29), and positively with the total percentage of saturated fatty acids in platelets (r = 0.33), but had no significant correlations with any of the ω6-fatty acids. Thrombin-induced aggregation correlated negatively with the ω3/6ω ratio in adipose tissue (r = -0.25) and the 20: 3ω6/20: 4ω 6 ratio in plasma CE (r = -0.27) and free fatty acids (FFA) (r = -0.23), and positively with adipose tissue 18:2 (r = 0.23) and 20:4ω6 (r = 0.22) in plasma phospholipids (PL).The percentages of prostanoid precursors in platelet lipids, i. e. 20: 3ω 6, 20: 4ω 6 and 20 :5ω 3, correlated best with the same fatty acids in plasma CE (r = 0.32 - 0.77) and PL (r = 0.28 - 0.74). Platelet 20: 5ω 3 had highly significant negative correlations with the percentage of 18:2 in adipose tissue and all plasma lipid fractions (r = -0.35 - -0.44).These results suggest that, among a free-living population, relatively small changes in the fatty acid composition of plasma and platelets may be reflected in significant differences in platelet aggregation, and that an increase in linoleate-rich vegetable fat in the diet may not affect platelet function favourably unless it is accompanied by an adequate supply of ω3 fatty acids.

EFFECT OF GINGER, LEMURU FISH OIL SAPONIFICATION AND OLIVE OIL ON COMPOSITION FATTY ACID OF BEEF

2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-39
Author(s):  
Siwitri Kadarsih
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Fish Oil ◽  
Olive Oil ◽  
Rice Bran ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Omega 6

The objective was to get beef that contain unsaturated fatty acids (especially omega 3 and 6), so as to improve intelligence, physical health for those who consume. The study design using CRD with 3 treatments, each treatment used 4 Bali cattle aged approximately 1.5 years. Observations were made 8 weeks. Pasta mixed with ginger provided konsentrat. P1 (control); P2 (6% saponification lemuru fish oil, olive oil 1%; rice bran: 37.30%; corn: 62.70%; KLK: 7%, ginger paste: 100 g); P3 (lemuru fish oil saponification 8%, 2% olive oil; rice bran; 37.30; corn: 62.70%; KLK: 7%, ginger paste: 200 g). Konsentrat given in the morning as much as 1% of the weight of the cattle based on dry matter, while the grass given a minimum of 10% of the weight of livestock observation variables include: fatty acid composition of meat. Data the analyzies qualitative. The results of the study showed that the composition of saturated fatty acids in meat decreased and an increase in unsaturated fatty acids, namely linoleic acid (omega 6) and linolenic acid (omega 3), and deikosapenta deikosaheksa acid.Keywords : 

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