scholarly journals Pancreatic digestive hydrolase activities in growing rats fed alternately on raw and heated soya-bean flour

1994 ◽  
Vol 72 (4) ◽  
pp. 533-544 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatima Khalifa ◽  
Josiane Prost ◽  
Jacques Belleville ◽  
Louis Sarda
Keyword(s):  
Time Course ◽  
Digestive Enzyme ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Soya Bean ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Growing Rats ◽  
Heat Stable ◽  
Bean Flour ◽  
Digestive Enzyme Activities

The time-course effects of two diets containing raw (RSF) or heated (HSF) soya-bean flour on the digestive enzyme levels in the pancreas and in pancreatic juice were investigated in growing rats fed, alternately, on RSF or HSF diets for two 4-week periods. These values were compared with those obtained in a control group fed on a casein diet. RSF and HSF diets lowered N balance (84.8 (SE 0.9), 82.6 (SE 0.8) and 79.9 (SE 0.8) % with control, HSF and RSF diets respectively, at the third week). However, they increased protease activities compared with the control diet (3-fold for trypsin (EC 3.4.21.4) and chymotrypsin (EC 3.4.21.1) activities in pancreas contents and outputs with the RSF diet; 2-fold for trypsin in pancreas contents and outputs and by 60% for chymotrypsin contents with the HSF diet). The poorer nutritional N utilization might be attributable to soya-bean flour heat-stable (lectins) and heat-labile components (trypsin inhibitors). The decrease in lipid apparent digestibilities in RSF and HSF diets (97.0 (SE 0.8), 91.1 (SE 09) and 90.4 (SE 0.7) % with control, RSF and HSF diets at the seventh week) were correlated with a diminution in apparent lipase (EC 3,1.1.3; measured without addition of exogenous colipase), potential lipase (measured with addition of saturated amounts of exogenous colipase) and colipase activities. Compared with control values, gains in potential and apparent lipase outputs were diminished by nearly 40% and gain in colipase outputs by 60% with RSF and HSF diets. These results show clearly that heated or raw soya-bean flours have a significant inhibitory effect on lipase digestive enzyme activities in the pancreas and in its secretion, which might explain impaired lipid digestibility.

scholarly journals The effect of proanthocyanidin-rich hulls and proanthocyanidin extracts from bean (Vicia faba L.) hulls on nutrient digestibility and digestive enzyme activities in young chicks

1992 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Yuste ◽  
M. Longstaff ◽  
C. McCorquodale
Keyword(s):  
Vicia Faba ◽  
Enzyme Activities ◽  
Digestive Enzyme ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Soya Bean ◽  
Marker Enzyme ◽  
Freeze Dried ◽  
Vicia Faba L ◽  
Digestive Enzyme Activities

Proanthocyanidins were prepared from three bean (Vicia faba L.) varieties by extracting hulls in aqueous acetone. The amounts of freeze-dried extracts recovered were 74, 89 and 97 g/kg hull for the varieties Brunette, Statissa and Minica respectively. Chicks (3 weeks old) were fed on a maize–soya-bean control diet or the same control diet substituted with either 30 g proanthocyanidin extracts/kg or 300 g proanthocyanidin-rich hulls/kg. Chicks were tube-fed diets twice daily for 4 d. Nutrient digestibilities were calculated from amounts present in diets and freeze-dried excreta with the aid of titanium dioxide as a marker. Enzyme activities were measured in digesta removed from the jejunum. Extracts of proanthocyanidins depressed the digestibility of protein by 34%, starch by 3% and had no effect on the digestibility of lipid. Proanthocyanidin-rich hulls depressed the digestibility of protein by 62%, starch by 6% and lipid by 4%. Digestive enzyme activities were depressed to the same extent by extracts and hulls, trypsin (EC 3.4.21.4) by 55 and 62%, α-amylase (EC 3.2.1.1) by 75 and 78% and lipase (EC 3.1.1.3) by 31 and 32% for proanthocyanidin-extract and proanthocyanidin-rich-hull diets respectively. The susceptibility of substrates as well as enzymes to the effects of proanthocyanidins is discussed.

scholarly journals The effect of fasting on enzyme levels in the enlarged and involuting rat pancreas

1987 ◽  
Vol 58 (3) ◽  
pp. 427-436 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. A. Crass ◽  
P. S. Oatesa ◽  
R. G. H. Morgan
Keyword(s):  
Trypsin Inhibitor ◽  
Digestive Enzyme ◽  
Pancreatic Enzyme ◽  
Soya Bean ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Pancreatic Acinar Cells ◽  
Zymogen Granules ◽  
Triacylglycerol Lipase ◽  
Intracellular Enzyme ◽  
Bean Flour

1. The effect on pancreatic digestive enzyme levels of fasting and changes from a diet containing trypsin inhibitor (raw soya-bean flour, RSF) to diets free of trypsin inhibitor (heated soya-bean flour, HSF, or commercial rat chow) was studied in rats for up to 7 d.2. In RSF-fed rats killed without fasting, enzyme levels were low, but after fasting for 24 h before killing there was a marked increase in all enzyme levels. Histological studies showed that pancreatic acinar cells from RSF-fed rats killed without fasting were devoid of zymogen granules, but following a 24 h fast there was a marked accumulation of zymogen granules which extend into the basal cytoplasm. Fasting either produced no change or a fall in enzyme levels in rats fasted after feeding HSF or chow continuously.3. If animals fed on RSF were changed to HSF and either fed or fasted for 24 h up to the time of killing there was an increase in amylase (EC3. 2. 1. 1), trypsin (EC3. 4. 21. 4), lipase (triacylglycerol lipase;EC3. 1. 1. 3) and protein 1 d after the change, followed by a fall over the next 6 d to levels similar to those seen in rats fed on HSF continuously.4. Animals changed from RSF to chow showed similar effects as far as trypsin, lipase and protein were concerned, but amylase rose, to reach the level seen in rats fed on chow continuously (about ten times that seen in soya-bean-fed rats), after 2 d.5. These results suggest that in the rats fed on RSF, pancreatic enzyme synthesis is rapid but secretion is equally rapid and intracellular enzyme levels are low. When these animals are fasted or changed to a diet free of trypsin inhibitor the rate of secretion falls but the high rate of synthesis continues for at least 24 h and enzymes accumulate in the pancreas. In studies of pancreatic enzyme levels in rats fed on trypsin inhibitor the extent of fasting before killing the animal is therefore an important variable. Such animals should probably not be fasted before study.

Psychrobacter sp. 17-1 enhances growth and survival in early postlarvae of white shrimp, Penaeus vannamei Boone, 1931 (Decapoda, Penaeidae)

Crustaceana ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 89 (13) ◽  
pp. 1467-1484 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Franco ◽  
A. Arenal ◽  
L. Martín ◽  
Y. Martínez ◽  
D. Santiesteban ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Osmotic Stress ◽  
Digestive Enzyme ◽  
Enzymatic Activities ◽  
White Shrimp ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Total Protein Content ◽  
Penaeus Vannamei ◽  
Untreated Control Group ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
Digestive Enzyme Activities

The effects of Psychrobacter sp., isolated from the gut of shrimp Penaeus vannamei Boone, 1931, on growth, digestive enzyme activities, total protein content, osmotic stress resistance, immunity and disease resistance of postlarvae were investigated. For enzymatic activities assays whole postlarvae were homogenized. Shrimp subjected to Psychrobacter sp. treatment showed higher weight (40%) and length (5.6%) than that observed in untreated animals. Compared to the untreated control group, levels of protease and amylase activities in postlarvae, were higher in the probiotic group. Postlarvae treated with Psychrobacter sp. showed significantly increase in the survival compared to the untreated ones after osmotic stress. Nitric oxide metabolite levels and the enzymatic activities of phenoloxidase, superoxide dismutase and peroxidase from treated postlarvae were significantly higher than untreated postlarvae. Increased survival was also found after challenge with Aeromonas sp. This is the first study that demonstrates the probiotic effect of Psychrobacter sp. in P. vannamei postlarvae.

Bacterial overgrowth by indigenous microflora in the phytohemagglutinin-fed rat

1988 ◽  
Vol 34 (8) ◽  
pp. 1009-1013 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. G. Banwell ◽  
R. Howard ◽  
I. Kabir ◽  
J. W. Costerton
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Bacterial Overgrowth ◽  
Microbial Colonization ◽  
Facultative Anaerobe ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Heat Stable ◽  
Red Kidney Bean ◽  
Indigenous Microflora

Phytohemagglutinin lectin (PHA) derived from red kidney bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) causes bacterial and protozoal colonization of the rat small intestine. To provide additional insights into this phenomenon we have studied the time course and population dynamics of microbial colonization of the major aerobe – facultative anaerobe groups which characterize this microflora. Compared with controls, PHA caused proliferation of a consistent adherent microbial flora in the jejunum (P < 0.01). The predominant bacteria identified were Escherichia coli. a Streptococcal sp., and Lactobacillus. Escherichia coli isolates expressed no predominant serotype or fimbriae; none elaborated heat-labile or heat-stable toxin. Both E. coli and Streptococcal sp. populations increased within 24 h of PHA feeding and were sustained during further exposure to PHA (P < 0.05). On reversion to a control diet, coliform counts fell progressively within 24–48 h and continued to decline, whereas gram-positive rod and coccus flora became the more prominent colonizers through days 1 to 4 of the reversion.

scholarly journals Citral as food additive for common snook - zootechnical parameters and digestive enzymes

2020 ◽  
Vol 50 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruna Tomazetti Michelotti ◽  
Natacha Cossettin Mori ◽  
Caio Cesar Franca Magnotti ◽  
Berta Maria Heinzmann ◽  
Ana Paula Gottlieb Almeida ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Digestive Enzyme ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Fish Feed ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Main Compound ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Common Snook ◽  
Digestive Enzyme Activities

ABSTRACT: Essential oils of plants whose main compound is citral showed beneficial effects when added to fish feed. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the dietary effect of the addition of citral on zootechnical parameters and digestive enzyme activities of Centropomus undecimalis. Juveniles were fed for 45 days with diets containing different amounts of citral (0.0 - control, 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 mL per kg of diet). The water quality parameters were kept stable during the experiment and no mortality was observed. At the end of the experimental period, the treatment 0.5 mL citral per kg of diet had the lowest weight gain and specific growth rate, and the highest feed conversion, while the same parameters did not differ between the other treatments. Pepsin activity was higher in the stomach of fish fed with 0.5 mL citral per kg of diet and amylase activity was higher in the intestine of fish fed with 0.5 and 2.0 mL citral per kg of diet compared to the control group. Intestinal lipase activity was higher in all groups that were fed with citral compared to the control group. Chymotrypsin and trypsin activities showed no difference between groups. Consequently, dietary addition of citral at any of the levels tested is not recommended for common snook.

scholarly journals In Vivo Evaluation of Soya Beans Flour Fermented with Lactic Acid Bacteria as a Potential Probiotic Food

2021 ◽  
pp. 16-27
Author(s):  
Abdulkadir Musliu ◽  
Muhammed Yusuf ◽  
Sulaimon Adebisi
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Lactic Acid Bacteria ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Soya Bean ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Feeding Time ◽  
Bean Flour ◽  
Probiotic Food

This research work was carried out to determine the in vivo antibacterial potential of soya beans flour fermented with lactic acid bacteria. This research focused on the feeding trial of formulated feed made of soya bean fermented for 72 hours with lactic acid bacteria (Leuconostoc mesenteroides and Lactobacillus planetarium) for albino rats, this is to know the effect of this feed on the rat infected with pathogens, compare with those of control feed. The pathogens used were Escherichia coli, Shigella sp and Salmonella sp. The experiment was divided into eight (8) treatments. Treatments I and II were not infected. Treatment I was fed with normal basal diet while treatment II was fed with the fermented soya bean flour. This was to ascertain the level of existence of the pathogen and the lactic acid bacteria before the introduction the pathogens. Pathogens count in treatment IV, VI, and VIII (rats fed with fermented soya bean flour) decreases as feeding time increases compare to treatment III, V and VII (rat fed with basal diet) which increases with the feeding time. The rats were fed from day 0 to day 56. Lactic acid bacteria commonly used as starter cultures in food technology are known to manufacture antimicrobial products and improve the food the organolpetic properties having great potential. Also, the Haematological analysis showed that the rats infected with the pathogens and later fed with the fermented soya beans flour recovered fully since their values are well within the permissible limit and are not significantly (p ≤ 0.05) different from the control group. Lactobacillus plantarum and Leuconostoc mesenteroids strains used were able to grow and metabolize during fermentation of soya beans flour. It may be concluded that fermented soya beans flour with these isolates can be used as probiotic food and this in turn can be used in the treatment of infection caused by pathogens. It is recommended that the use of probiotic food for treatments should encouraged as an alternative to the use of antibiotic.

The effect of replacing fishmeal with kikuyu leaf meal on the activity of digestive enzymes and growth in Tilapia rendalli, Oreochromis mossambicus and Clarias gariepinus

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.N. Hlophe-Ginindza ◽  
N.A.G. Moyo
Keyword(s):  
Digestive Enzymes ◽  
Digestive Enzyme ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Clarias Gariepinus ◽  
Protein Digestibility ◽  
Oreochromis Mossambicus ◽  
Lower Growth ◽  
Leaf Meal ◽  
Tilapia Rendalli ◽  
Digestive Enzyme Activities

The effect of replacing fishmeal with kikuyu on digestive enzyme activities was investigated in Tilapia rendalli, Oreochromis mossambicus and Clarias gariepinus. Five diets (30% CP: 20 MJ GE kg-1 DM) were formulated. In the control diet, fishmeal was replaced at 25, 50, 75 and 100% by kikuyu leaf meal. Each diet was assigned to three groups of 20 fish (per species). Fish were fed to apparent satiation three times daily for 60 days. There was a significant decrease (P less than 0.05) in protease, amylase and lipase activities at higher kikuyu inclusion. Protease activities were higher in T. rendalli followed by O. mossambicus and C. gariepinus had the lowest activities. The inability of the fish to produce enough enzymes at higher kikuyu inclusions resulted in significantly lower growth performance and poor protein digestibility. This decrease was more pronounced in C. gariepinus than the tilapias.

Combined Effects of Leucas aspera, Oxy-Cyclodextrin and Bentonite on the Growth, Serum Biochemistry, and the Expression of Immune-Related Gene in Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (03) ◽  
pp. 147-158
Author(s):  
Amitha Kurian ◽  
Sreeja Lakshmi ◽  
Femi John Fawole ◽  
Caterina Faggio ◽  
Preetham Elumalai
Keyword(s):  
Nile Tilapia ◽  
Digestive Enzyme ◽  
Juvenile Fish ◽  
Serum Biochemistry ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Leucas Aspera ◽  
Immune Parameters ◽  
Digestive Enzyme Activities ◽  
Immune Related Genes

This study investigated the effects of a combination of Leucas aspera, Oxy-cyclodextrin and sodium bentonite (LOB) on growth, digestive enzyme activity, innate immune response, haematology, and expression of immune-related genes in Nile tilapia. A total of 240 juvenile fish (20.15±0.05g) were randomly distributed into four dietary groups in triplicate and fed respective diets containing a graded level of LOB at 0 g kg-1 (Control), 0.3 g kg-1 (T1), 0.6 g kg-1 (T2) and 0.9 g kg-1 diet (T3) for 60 days. After 60 days, higher growth was observed in fish fed T2 diet (P < 0.05). Digestive enzyme activities and innate immune parameters were significantly higher in T3 group. Some of the haematological parameters reported statistically higher counts in T2 group (P<0.05), whereas erythrocyte indices and WBC counts were significantly higher in T3 group. Liver- kidney activities were recorded low in T3 group. Urea and creatinine were higher in control group, whereas T2 group recorded the least value. The highest relative expression of IL-1β, IgM-heavy chain, TGF-β and IFN-γ were recorded in T2 group, but TNF-α was upregulated in T3 group. The results showed that 0.6 - 0.9 g kg1 of LOB is recommended for inclusion in diet.

Evaluation of Homeopathic Phosphoric Acid, Silica and Pathogenic Vibrio on Digestive Enzyme Activity of Longfin Yellowtail Fish (Seriola rivoliana)

Homeopathy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 109 (01) ◽  
pp. 003-013
Author(s):  
José Manuel Mazón-Suástegui ◽  
Joan Salas-Leiva ◽  
Andressa Teles ◽  
Dariel Tovar-Ramírez
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Vibrio Parahaemolyticus ◽  
Biochemical Analysis ◽  
Digestive Enzyme ◽  
Culture Conditions ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Larval Stages ◽  
Intestinal Maturation ◽  
Pathogenic Vibrio ◽  
Digestive Enzyme Activities

Background This research aimed to observe the effect of homeopathically prepared Vibrio parahaemolyticus (ViP) and V. alginolyticus (ViA) and the commercial homeopathic compound Similia (Phosphoricum acidum and Silicea terra) on the digestive enzyme activities of Seriola rivoliana juveniles under usual culture conditions. Materials and Methods Biochemical analysis was used to study the effect of highly diluted substances (7C potency) prepared from ViP and ViA (Treatment 1: T1) and the homeopathic compound Phosphoricum acidum and Silicea terra (Treatment 2: T2) on changes in the main digestive enzymes on weaning-state fish (WS; 30 days post-hatching [DPH]) and early juveniles (EJ; 62 DPH) versus a reference control group that received no homeopathic medicines. Results Treatment T2 significantly increased the activity of trypsin and lipase and decreased the activity of amylase, whereas treatment T1 increased the activity of chymotrypsin and reduced the activity of aminopeptidase-N in WS fish. Except for alkaline phosphatase, which was significantly reduced in the intestine, no significant differences in enzymatic activity were found between treated EJ fish and controls. The fish of the WS group had a higher growth rate with the T2 treatment. Conclusions T1 treatment stimulated chymotrypsin in EJ fish and T2 promoted intestinal maturation of WS fish. Higher growth rate with the T2 treatment may be associated with the stimulation of trypsin activity. Thus, T2 may be applied, under hatchery conditions, during larval stages with an aim to enhance digestion and assimilation of inert food.

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