scholarly journals The effect of breed on the relationship between feed composition and the efficiency of protein utilization in pigs

1994 ◽  
Vol 71 (6) ◽  
pp. 849-859 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Kyriazakis ◽  
D. Dotas ◽  
G.C. Emmans
Keyword(s):  
Live Weight ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
High Protein ◽  
Large White ◽  
Feed Composition ◽  
Protein Utilization ◽  
A Value ◽  
Maximum Value ◽  
Protein Feed ◽  
The Relationship

The objective of the present experiment was to test whether the relationship between feed composition and the efficiency of protein utilization in pigs was different between two very different breeds. Fortyeight entire male pigs, half Large White × Landrace (LW ×) and half Chinese Meishan (CM), were assigned at 13 kg live weight either to an initial slaughter group or to one of six feeding treatments for 6 weeks. The two feeds used were starch, with 12.52 MJ metabolizable energy (ME) and 0 kg digestible crude protein (DCP)/kg, and a high-protein feed, with 11.95 MJ ME and 0.362 kg DCP/kg. In the first week the LW × pigs were given 400 g high-protein feed/d with 0, 100, 200 or 300 g starch/d, or 200 g high-protein feed/d with 400 or 500 g starch/d. The six diets had ME:DCP ratios of between 33 and 119 MJ/kg. The diet compositions were held constant within each of the six treatments but the allowances were increased weekly on time-based linear scales to be 2.25 as great in week six as in week one. The allowances for the CM pigs were 0.75 of those for the LW ×. The calculated efficiency of protein utilization, ep, was found to be directly proportional, up to a maximum value, to the ME:DCP ratio of the diet for both breeds, as found previously for LW × male and female pigs. The overall constant of proportionality was ep = 0.0108 (SE 0.00024) ME:DCP, the value of which did not differ significantly between the two breeds. The maximum observed ep values were 0.710 (SE 0.014) and 0.824 (SE 0.016) for the LW × and CM pigs respectively. It is likely that the lower maximum value for the LW x pigs was an experimental artefact due to increased feed spillage by these pigs on the two highest starch allowances used. In previous experiments the maximum value of ep was found to be 0.813 for LW × pigs, a value similar to that found here for the CM pigs. The results are consistent with the view that the two very different pig breeds have the same net efficiency in using protein and use the same rules for partitioning a scarce resource such as energy.

scholarly journals The effects of varying protein and energy intakes on the growth and body composition of pigs

1992 ◽  
Vol 68 (3) ◽  
pp. 603-613 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Kyriazakis ◽  
G. C. Emmans
Keyword(s):  
Energy Intake ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
High Protein ◽  
Protein Ratio ◽  
Protein Nitrogen ◽  
Body Protein ◽  
Young Pigs ◽  
Protein Feed ◽  
The Relationship

The objective of the present experiment was to define the form of the relationship between varying levels of energy intake at constant, high protein intake and the performance of young pigs. By doing so it was expected that we could distinguish between four models that predict the pig's responses to its diet as rates of protein and lipid retention. Forty young pigs were assigned at 12 kg live weight either to an initial slaughter group (n 8) or to one of four allowances of starch intake at a constant intake of a high-protein feed (with 345 g crude protein (nitrogen x 6.25)/kg food). Half the pigs were killed after 4 weeks and half after 8 weeks on the treatments; at each slaughter point on each treatment half the pigs were entire males and half were females. Increasing the intake of starch (energy) resulted in significant increases in the rates of live weight, empty-body, protein and lipid gains of pigs slaughtered at both stages. There was no minimum positive lipid: protein ratio in the gain of the pigs. Male pigs deposited more protein and less lipid than females but this effect of sex on protein and lipid retention was seen only on the two highest allowances of starch intake. The calculated efficiency of protein utilization increased with increasing starch intake up to a maximum of 0.81, when probably the energy: protein in the diet became non-limiting. The results led to the rejection of two of the models that predict the rates of protein and lipid retention as responses to protein and energy intake, but the two remaining models could not be rejected, at least qualitatively.

scholarly journals Validity of Weight Estimation Models in Pigs Reared under Different Management Conditions

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marvelous Sungirai ◽  
Lawrence Masaka ◽  
Tonderai Maxwell Benhura
Keyword(s):  
Body Length ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Linear Regression Method ◽  
Linear Measurements ◽  
Large White ◽  
High Positive Correlation ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Positive Correlations ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Selection Of

A study was carried out to determine the relationship between linear body measurements and live weight in Landrace and Large White pigs reared under different management conditions in Zimbabwe. Data was collected for body length, heart girth, and live weight in 358 pigs reared under intensive commercial conditions. The stepwise multiple linear regression method was done to develop a model using a random selection of 202 records of pigs. The model showed that age, body length, and heart girth were useful predictors of live weight in these pigs with significantly high positive correlations observed. The model was internally validated using records of the remaining 156 pigs and there was a significantly high positive correlation between the actual and predicted weights. The model was then externally validated using 40 market age pigs reared under communal conditions and there was a significantly low positive correlation between the actual and predicted weights. The results of the study show that while linear measurements can be useful in predicting pig weights the appropriateness of the model is also influenced by the management of the pigs. Models can only be applicable to pigs reared under similar conditions of management.

The effect of plane of nutrition on the body composition of two breeds of wearier sheep fed a high protein diet

1982 ◽  
Vol 98 (2) ◽  
pp. 241-245 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. W. Searle ◽  
N. McC. Graham ◽  
J. B. Donnelly
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
High Protein Diet ◽  
The Body ◽  
High Protein ◽  
The Other ◽  
Protein Diet ◽  
Castrate Male ◽  
Body Component ◽  
The Relationship

SUMMARYCorriedale and Dorset Horn castrate male (wether) lambs reared at pasture were weaned at 19 kg live weight (LW), brought indoors and fed a high protein diet such that half of each group grew at ca. 200 g/day and the other half at ca. 100 g/day. Animals were slaughtered at 25 and 30 kg LW and chemical composition (protein, fat, energy, water and ash) of the body determined. The relationship between each body component and shorn empty-body weight was examined by regression analysis.Within levels of feeding the results were similar in the two breeds. When comparisons were made between feeding levels, the slower-growing animals contained more fat, energy and ash than the faster-growing group, less water, but similar amounts of protein at any given empty-body weight.

scholarly journals HUBUNGAN KURIKULUM 2013 DENGAN MOTIVASI BELAJAR PESERTA DIDIK DI SMK PELITA CIAMPEA

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wahyu Bagja Sulfemi
Keyword(s):  
Student Motivation ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Learning Motivation ◽  
Vocational School ◽  
School Students ◽  
A Value ◽  
Maximum Value ◽  
Perceptions Of Students ◽  
The Moment ◽  
The Relationship

The purpose of this study was to find out the perceptions of students about the 2013 curriculum, to find out the motivation of students in learning, to determine the relationship between learners' perceptions of the 2013 curriculum and learning motivation of Pelita Ciampea Vocational School students, and research lecturers at STKIP Muhammadiyah Bogor. From the results of the study with a total sample of 57 people obtained results (1) Perception of students about the 2013 curriculum at Pelita Ciampea Vocational School has a positive phenomenon, as evidenced by the maximum value that can be obtained by students is 185, the highest score is 175, the lowest 111, the average 147.74. (2) The learning motivation of students at Ciampea Vocational School has a positive phenomenon, as evidenced by the results of the questionnaire with the maximum value that can be obtained at 135, the highest score of 126, the lowest 90, while the average is 105.72. (3) From the results of the moment product correlation test the relationship between learners 'perceptions of the 2013 curriculum and students' learning motivation has a value of 0.969 while the r-table value is 0.266, and 0.969> 0.266 or r-count> r-table. Thus it can be concluded that H0 is rejected and H1 is accepted or in other words, there is a positive relationship between variables X (students' perceptions of the 2013 curriculum) with variable Y (student motivation). The level of relationship between variable X and variable Y lies in the interval 0.80-1.00 which means that the relationship between the two is very strong.

Influence of energy intake on protein and lipid deposition in Creole and Large White growing pigs in a humid tropical climate

2006 ◽  
Vol 82 (6) ◽  
pp. 937-945 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Renaudeau ◽  
B. Bocage ◽  
J. Noblet
Keyword(s):  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Lipid Deposition ◽  
Large White ◽  
Feeding Level ◽  
Dietary Nutrients ◽  
Caribbean Area

AbstractTwenty-four castrated males were used to study the effect of breed (Large White v. Creole (LW v. CR)) and feeding level (0·70, 0·80, 0·90, and 1·00 ad libitum) on growth performance and protein deposition (PD) and lipid deposition (LD) between 30 and 60 kg in growing pigs under tropical climatic conditions; the CR pigs are raised in the Caribbean area and can be qualified as fat and slow growing pigs. Daily protein and amino acids supplies were calculated to be non-limiting for protein gain. Total PD and LD were measured according to the comparative slaughter technique. Digestibility coefficients of energy and nutrients were estimated over a 10-day period at 45 kg live weight. Neither the breed nor the feeding level influenced the apparent digestibility coefficients of dietary nutrients; only energy digestibility was increased at reduced feeding levels (P<0·05). Average daily gain increased linearly with the increase of metabolizable energy (ME) intake and the slope of the relationship was lower in CR than in LW pigs (30·4 v. 36·6 g per additional MJ ME). The food conversion ratio was not affected by feeding level but it was significantly higher in CR than in LW pigs (2·88 v. 2·36 kg /kg; P<0·001). Daily PD increased with ME intake according to a linear relationship in both breeds and the slope was significantly affected by breed (3·1 v. 4·2 g/MJ ME in CR and LW pigs, respectively; P<0·001). In contrast, the increase of LD and total energy retained with ME were higher in CR than in LW pigs (8·4 v. 6·4 g/MJ and 0·40 v. 0·36 MJ/ MJ ME, respectively; P<0·001).

scholarly journals Undernutrition in sheep. Nitrogen repletion by N-depleted sheep

1987 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. D. DeB. Hovell ◽  
E. R. Ørskov ◽  
D. J. Kyle ◽  
N. A. MacLeod
Keyword(s):  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
High Protein ◽  
N Losses ◽  
N Retention ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
A Value ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Protein Treatment ◽  
N Requirement

1. Wether lambs of 29–44 kg live-weight, totally nourished by the infusion of volatile fatty acids (VFA) into the rumen and casein into the abomasum, were given five treatments in consecutive periods. The treatments were (daily amounts per kg live weight (W)0.75): (a) high-protein for 7 d (2500 mg nitrogen, 650 kJ VFA); (b) low-protein for 7–15 d (525 mg N, 650 kJ VFA); (c) N-free for 7 d (no N, 450 kJ VFA); (d) very-low-protein for 24–28 d (300 mg N, 400 kJ VFA); (e) high-protein for 40 d (2500 mg N, 650 kJ VFA). Nine lambs were subjected to treatments (a), (b) and (c) (Expt 1) and four of the lambs additionally received treatments (d) and (e) (Expt 2).2. In Expt 1 all nine lambs had a positive N retention on treatment (a) but abrupt change to treatment (b) resulted in substantial negative N balances initially, and a period of approximately 5 d adaptation was required before N equilibrium was re-established. Animals again exhibited negative N balances when the N-free infusion (treatment c) was introduced and during that period there was no evidence of adaptation. Basal urinary N excretion was estimated to be 356 (SE 12) mg N/kg W0.75.3. In Expt 2 all four lambs were depleted of N when receiving the very-low-protein treatment (d). The progressively decreasing N losses recorded during days 1 to 12 of the treatment period were slightly greater than those recorded during days 13 to 28 but the difference between the means was not significant (P > 0.05). There was no evidence of an adaptation in N retention between days 13 and 28 of the treatment. As assessed during days 13 to 28 of the treatment the efficiency of utilization of infused casein N was 1.0; this compared with a value of 0.66 recorded during treatment (b) in Expt 1. Live weight loss during the period of N depletion was 101 (SE 27) g/d.4. When lambs were given treatment (e) during the last period of Expt 2, N repletion was rapid and complete within a few days. Ten days after the introduction of the treatment the rate of N retention was estimated to be 1019 (SE 38) mg/kg W0.75 per d and this value declined at a rate of 9.5 (SE 1.9) mg N/kg W0.76 per d for the following 30 d. In comparison, N retention determined for the high-protein treatment in Expt 1 was 724 (SE 66) mg N/kg W0.75 per d. Live-weight gains during N repletion were 292 (SE 26) g/d.5. It is concluded that N-depleted lambs can replete rapidly and that enhanced N accretion (compensatory growth) may persist for 4–5 weeks. If the improved efficiency of utilization of infused N observed during N depletion reflects a changed basal N requirement, the validity of simple factorial systems for estimating N requirement is called into question.

Observed energy intake of weaned piglets and its effect on temperature requirements

1985 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 475-479 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. M. Robertson ◽  
J. J. Clark ◽  
J. M. Bruce
Keyword(s):  
Energy Intake ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Weaned Piglets ◽  
Critical Temperatures ◽  
Thermoneutral Zone ◽  
C 23 ◽  
Temperature Requirements ◽  
The Relationship

ABSTRACTEnergy intake was recorded for two batches of 12 individually-penned piglets weaned at 5 kg live weight and fed milk-based diets of 18·7 MJ metabolizable energy (ME) per kg up to 8 kg live weight and 15.4 MJ ME per kg thereafter. The piglets were kept within their thermoneutral zone throughout the experiments. Regression equations describing the relationship between energy intake and days after weaning were developed for each piglet and the means of the regression coefficients and constants were incorporated in an equation for estimating energy intakes for piglets of 5 to 15 kg live weight. The lower and upper critical temperatures were calculated for each piglet on every day of the trial. These values were extrapolated to give temperature recommendations for piglets of 5 to 15 kg live weight kept in groups of 20. The temperatures ranged from 30°C at weaning to 19°C, 23 days after weaning. This represented a reduction in temperature equivalent to 0·5°C per day.

Effect of energy intake on the performance of different types of pig from 45 to 100 kg body weight. 2. Tissue gain

1996 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 289-296 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Quiniou ◽  
J. Noblet ◽  
J.-Y. Dourmad
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Energy Levels ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Large White ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractThe effect of energy supply on physical composition of body weight gain between 45 and 100 kg was studied in Large White castrated males (cLW), crossbred Pietrain × Large White castrated males (cPPX) and boars (bPPX). The pigs were either given food ad libitum and kept in individual pens in experiment 1, or allocated to four energy levels (0·70, 0·80, 0·90, and 1·00 ad libitum) and kept in metabolism cages in experiment 2. Daily protein supplies were calculated to be the same at the four energy levels within each type of pig and non-limiting for growth. Five additional animals for each type of pig were slaughtered at 45 kg. Daily tissue gain was measured according to the comparative slaughter technique. The daily lean gain increased with metabolizable energy (ME) intake according to a linear-plateau relationship whereas the daily fat gain increased linearly. The type of pig significantly affected the slope of the relationship between lean gain and ME intake (from 15 to 22 g per extra MJ ME) but not the slope of the relationship between fat gain and ME intake (10 g per extra MJ ME on average). Increased energy intake was associated with increased fatness of body-weight gain, which was higher in cLW and cPP× than in bPP×.

A study of the relationship between plane of nutrition during lactation and certain production characteristics in autumn-calving suckler cows

1983 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 353-363 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. H. Somerville ◽  
B. G. Lowman ◽  
R. A. Edwards ◽  
G. Jolly
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Compensatory Growth ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Beef Cows ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Condition Score ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Daily Intakes ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Production Characteristics

ABSTRACTHereford ♂ × British Friesian ♀ cows that had calved in September/October and were suckling mainly Charolais ♂ × calves were offered individually one of three planes of nutrition based on their estimated maintenance requirement during their first 150 days of lactation.The mean daily intakes of metabolizable energy were 95·8, 71·5 and 52·1 MJ for the high, medium and low planes of nutrition respectively. Data were collected from 122 lactations. The mean 150-day cumulative milk yields of the cows were 1 355, 1 258 and 1 187 kg for the high, medium and low planes of nutrition respectively (P < 0·001). A i-kg increase in calf birth weight was associated with an increase in 150-day cumulative milk yield of 14·7 ± 2·17 kg (P < 0·001). Losses in live weight and condition score were significantly greater for cows given the low plane of nutrition during lactation (P < 0001).Although there was a significant (P < 0·01) positive correlation between the growth rate of the calves and their dams' nutritional level during the winter there was evidence of compensatory growth at grass, since by the time of weaning in August, the plane of nutrition of the dam during the winter had no significant effect on the weight of the calves.The experiment demonstrates that energy-deficient beef cows will attempt to maintain milk production at the expense of body reserves and that when supplementary solid food is made available to the suckled calves, their weaning weights are unaffected by the plane of nutrition of the dam during the winter.

scholarly journals Hubungan Kurikulum 2013 Dengan Motivasi Belajar Peserta Didik di SMK Pelita Ciampea

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wahyu Bagja Sulfemi
Keyword(s):  
Student Motivation ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Learning Motivation ◽  
Vocational School ◽  
School Students ◽  
A Value ◽  
Maximum Value ◽  
Perceptions Of Students ◽  
The Moment ◽  
The Relationship

The purpose of this study was to find out the perceptions of students about the 2013 curriculum, to find out the motivation of students in learning, to determine the relationship between learners' perceptions of the 2013 curriculum and learning motivation of Pelita Ciampea Vocational School students, and research lecturers at STKIP Muhammadiyah Bogor. From the results of the study with a total sample of 57 people obtained results (1) Perception of students about the 2013 curriculum at Pelita Ciampea Vocational School has a positive phenomenon, as evidenced by the maximum value that can be obtained by students is 185, the highest score is 175, the lowest 111, the average 147.74. (2) The learning motivation of students at Ciampea Vocational School has a positive phenomenon, as evidenced by the results of the questionnaire with the maximum value that can be obtained at 135, the highest score of 126, the lowest 90, while the average is 105.72. (3) From the results of the moment product correlation test the relationship between learners 'perceptions of the 2013 curriculum and students' learning motivation has a value of 0.969 while the r-table value is 0.266, and 0.969&gt; 0.266 or r-count&gt; r-table. Thus it can be concluded that H0 is rejected and H1 is accepted or in other words, there is a positive relationship between variables X (students' perceptions of the 2013 curriculum) with variable Y (student motivation). The level of relationship between variable X and variable Y lies in the interval 0.80-1.00 which means that the relationship between the two is very strong

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document