Apparent ileal dry matter and crude protein digestibility of rations fed to pigs and determined with the use of chromic oxide (Cr2O3) and acid-insoluble ash as digestive markers

Two experiments were conducted to determine apparent ileal DM and crude-protein (CP) digesibilities in rations fed to pigs. An evaluation was made of Cr2O3 and HCl-insoluble ash as digestive markers. In addition, the effects of body weight (BW) on apparent ileal DM and CP (N x 6.25) digestibilities were studied. In Expt 1, thirteen barrows averaging 35 kg BW were fitted with post-valve T-caecum (PVTC) cannulas to determine the apparent ileal DM and CP digestibilities of a wheat gluten-bran ration (B2) and a soyabean-meal ration (E1). Immediately after morning feeding ileal digesta samples were collected on an hourly basis for a total of 12 h. Subsequently, N and marker contents were determined in the samples. The postprandial patterns of N and Cr passage were more similar than those of N and HCl-insoluble ash. Therefore Cr2O3 is more suitable as a marker than HCl-insolube ash. The apparent ileal CP digestibility coefficient of ration B2 derived using Cr2O3 as a marker was significantly (P > 0.05) higher by 0.018 compared with the value obtained using HCl-insoluble ash. The corresponding values for ration E2 obtained using Cr2O3 and HCl-insoluble ash were both 0.825. In Expt 2, apparent ileal DM and CP digestibilities were determined in eighteen rations using twelve barrows also fitted with PVTC cannulas (BW from 40 to 100 kg). The protein sources for these rations were from different groups of feedstuffs. In four and three of the rations apparent ileal DM and CP digestibilities respectively were significantly different (P < 0.05) when assessed using the two markers. The digestibility coefficients were not systematically higher or lower for either marker. Absolute differences were < 0.049 on average. Significant effects of live weight on apparent ileal CP digestibilities were found.

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Effect of Dietary Modified-Banana-Tuber Meal Substituting Dietary Corn on Growth Performance, Carcass Trait and Dietary-Nutrients Digestibility of Coloured-Feather Hybrid Duck

Jurnal Ilmu Ternak dan Veteriner ◽

10.14334/jitv.v26i1.2686 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 26 (1) ◽

pp. 39

Author(s):

Osfar Sjofjan ◽

Danung Nur Adli ◽

Muhammad Halim Natsir ◽

Yuli Frita Nuningtyas ◽

Tika Septi Wardani ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Crude Protein ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Negative Control ◽

Carcass Trait ◽

Dietary Nutrients ◽

Online Edition ◽

Soyabean Meal ◽

Dietary Treatments ◽

Nutrients Digestibility

In this experiment, we investigate the effect of modified banana tuber meal (M-BTM) to substitute dietary maize in growing-finisher colored-feathered hybrid duck. One hundred and ninety six hybrid ducks (Pekin x Khaki Campbell) with 421.31 ± 0.183g body weight (BW) were allotted to 5 dietary treatments with 9 ducks (unsexed) per pen and 4 replications per treatment. These dietary treatments were: NC (negative control; maize-soyabean-meal based diet), BTM25 (25% maize was replaced by M-BTM-), BTM50 (50% maize was replaced by M-BTM), BTM75 (75% maize was replaced by M-BTM), and BTM100 (100% maize was replaced by M-BTM). The experimental design applied using completely randomize design (CRD). Data of this experiment were statistically analysed by one-way-analysis-of-variance of SAS University version 4.0 red hat (64-bit) University Online Edition. Result demonstrated that M-BTM improved significantly (p< 0.05) digestibility of dry matter and crude protein. It is concluded that M-BTM enhanced apparently growth performaces and digestibility parameters of colored-feathered hybrid duck (Pekin x Khaki Campbell).

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Effects of concentrate mixture level on nutrient digestibility, growth, production and reproduction performance of Jamunapari goat under semi intensive condition

Research in Agriculture Livestock and Fisheries ◽

10.3329/ralf.v8i2.55492 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 (2) ◽

pp. 223-230

Author(s):

Nusrat Zahan Shoshe ◽

Md Abdullah Al Mahmud ◽

Piash Kumer Ghosh

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Crude Protein ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Live Weight ◽

Nutrient Digestibility ◽

Feed Digestibility ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Reproduction Performance ◽

Concentrate Mixture ◽

Growth Production

Twenty female Jamunapari goats of live weight of 10.5 ± 1.2 kg at 08± 0.56 months of age were used for 240 days feeding trial. Goats were assigned to four dietary treatments in a completely randomized design with five (05) goats in each group. All animals were supplied ad libitum green grass and water. They were supplied 150, 200, 250, 300 gm concentrate mixture per day with roughage for group T1, T2, T3, and T4 respectively. Total dry matter (TDM) intake (413.2, 456.67, 489.2 and 495.7g/day) in groups T1, T2, T3, and T4, respectively, was significantly (p≤0.01) influenced by the level of concentrate in the diet. Average total digestible crude protein (DCP) intake (3.1, 3.5, 3.9, 4.0 g/kg body weight and average total digestible nutrient (TDN) intake 21.1, 22.3, 24.7, 25.1 g/kg body weight was significantly (p≤0.01) higher in group T4 and lower in group T1. The nutrient intake and digestibility were also significantly higher (p≤0.01) in T4 group. The percent digestibility of dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), crude protein (CP), crude fiber (CF), ether extract (EE) and nitrogen free extract (NFE) were 70.1, 75.99, 73.50, 67.24, 62.13 and 49.60%, 73.14, 76.97,76.84, 68.32, 64.04 and 53.25%, 75.45,78.44,78.67,70.43,68.43 and 59.77%, 79.56, 80.16,81.69,72.45,70.82 and 63.09% in T1, T2, T3 and T4 group, respectively. Reproductive performances, birth weight of kids and litter size did not differ significantly between groups, but had significant effect on feed digestibility and milk production. Daily 300 gm concentrate mixture along with roughage is necessary for better growth, production and reproduction performance of Jamunapari doe in semi-intensive system. Res. Agric., Livest. Fish.8(2): 223-230, August 2021

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Studies on goat nutrition Part II. Digestible protein requirements for maintenance from balance studies

The Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.1017/s0021859600021262 ◽

1960 ◽

Vol 54 (3) ◽

pp. 335-340 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

B. N. Majumdar

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Crude Protein ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Live Weight ◽

Protein Requirement ◽

Protein Requirements ◽

Digestible Crude Protein ◽

Digestible Protein ◽

Endogenous Urinary Nitrogen ◽

Urinary Nitrogen

1. The crude protein requirement of goats for maintenance has been determined from balance studies. The requirement per kg., as found by three different methods of treatments of the balance data, is practically the same, viz. 2·63 g. crude protein.2. The digestible crude protein requirement also has been calculated, again by two different methods, and is estimated at 1·12 lb./1000 lb. body weight. This value is undoubtedly very much higher than the value (0·65 lb./1000 lb.) obtained previously from the endogenous urinary nitrogen determinations alone.3. The dry-matter requirement of goat per 100 lb. live weight has been determined. Calculated on the basis of live weight raised to the power 0·734, the requirement was found to be 2·6 lb./100 lb.

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Lysine supplementation of barley wet distillers’ solids diets for growing-finishing pigs

Agricultural and Food Science ◽

10.23986/afsci.72731 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 5 (2) ◽

pp. 157-166 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Jarmo Valaja ◽

Hilkka Siljander-Rasi ◽

Timo Alaviuhkola ◽

Asko Rantanen

Keyword(s):

Crude Protein ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Control Diet ◽

Live Weight ◽

Experimental Period ◽

Daily Weight Gain ◽

Finishing Pigs ◽

Feed Conversion ◽

Soyabean Meal

A growth experiment was conducted to study the effect of different lysine supplementation levels of barley wet distillers’ solids (WDS) diets on the performance and the carcass quality of pigs (25.5-95.5 kg live weight). A total of 160 pigs were divided into four groups of 40 animals. Four pigs of the same sex were placed in each pen and fed one of the four experimental diets; a barley-soyabean meal (SBM) control diet (167 g crude protein (CP) /kg dry matter (DM) and 7.6 g lysine/feed unit (FU)) or three similar barley-WDS diets (204 g CP/kg DM) which were supplemented with synthetic lysine to contain 7.7, 9.2 or 10.7 g lysine/FU. Lysine supplementation linearly improved the daily weight gain (DG) and feed conversion ratio (FCR) of the pigs during growing (1-5 weeks) (p < 0.001), finishing (6th week onward) (p < 0.001) and the whole experimental period (p < 0.001). However, during the whole growing-finishing period the performance of the pigs levelled off at the lysine level of 9.2 g/FU and daily supply of 18.0 g, respectively(quadratic effect: p < 0.05 for DG and p < 0.01 for FCR). The pigs on the SBM diet grew faster and more efficiently than did the pigs on the WDS diets with similar lysine content (p < 0.05).

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Intensive beef production 4. The effect on nitrogen retention of all-concentrate diets containing different levels of fish meal

Animal Science ◽

10.1017/s0003356100022248 ◽

1965 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

pp. 19-25 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

H. B. Bowers ◽

T. R. Preston ◽

I. McDonald ◽

N. A. MacLeod ◽

Euphemia B. Philip

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Protein Level ◽

Crude Protein ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Fish Meal ◽

Nitrogen Retention ◽

Live Weight ◽

Nitrogen Excretion ◽

Different Levels ◽

Crude Protein Level

SUMMARY1. All-concentrate diets given ad libitum and containing different levels of fish meal, and varying in crude protein content from 16 to 22% in dry matter were given to eight Friesian steers at 150 kg. and at 240 kg. live-weight.2. At a mean live-weight of 150 kg., the retention of nitrogen increased significantly to a maximum of 41.5 g. per day on the diet having 22% crude protein in dry matter. At 240 kg. live-weight, the maximum retention of 37 g. per day was achieved at 20% crude protein in dry matter.3. Faecal nitrogen excretion per unit of metabolic body weight was approximately constant at all protein levels and at both live-weights.4. Urinary nitrogen excretion per unit of metabolic body weight increased with increasing crude protein level in the diet and for any crude protein level was higher at 240 kg. than at 150 kg. live-weight.

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Response of young Bali bulls given Gliricidia and Cassava leaves in rations as a substitute for grass in Bangka Belitung

E3S Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/e3sconf/202130605009 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 306 ◽

pp. 05009

Author(s):

Zikril Hidayat ◽

Nuraini ◽

Rubiyo ◽

Mariyono

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Weight Gain ◽

Crude Protein ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Body Weight Gain ◽

Age Groups ◽

Live Weight ◽

Feed Consumption ◽

Feed Conversion ◽

Cassava Leaves

Gliricidia (Gamal) is a high protein forage source. Gamal contains 24-25% crude protein. In Bangka Belitung Islands, Gamal is deliberately cultivated as a climbing pole and shade for pepper plants. Usually, Gamal shoots are trimmed once every three months, the leaves can be used as feed. Apart from Gamal, Cassava leaves are also a nutritious feed ingredient. Cassava leaves contain 23.04% crude protein, 24.86% dry matter, and 64.87% dry matter digestibility. This study aims to determine feed consumption, body weight gain, and feed conversion ratio (FCR) of young Bali bulls into small farmers. This research was conducted in Simpang Perlang Village, Central Bangka Regency from June to October 2016. The sample used was 24 young Bali bulls aged 1-3 years with an average live weight of 186.3 kg, which were grouped into 4 (four) feed treatments and 2 (two) age groups, namely 1-2 years and 2-3 years, where each was given 3 (three) replications. Data was analyzed using a completely randomized design and the DMRT test. The results showed that the feed factor and age factor significantly (P < 0.05) had an effect on feed consumption, body weight gain, and FCR.

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Performans Induk Sapi Silangan Simmental – Peranakan Ongole dan Induk Sapi Peranakan Ongole dengan Pakan Hijauan dan Konsentrat (Performance of Simmental – Ongole Crossbred Cow and Ongole Crossbred Cow Fed with Forage and Concentrate Feed)

Buletin Peternakan ◽

10.21059/buletinpeternak.v34i2.94 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 34 (2) ◽

pp. 86

Author(s):

Eny Endrawati ◽

Endang Baliarti ◽

Subur Priyono Sasmito Budi

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Organic Matter ◽

Crude Protein ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Body Condition Score ◽

Companion Animals ◽

Protein Digestibility ◽

Initial Body Weight ◽

Feed Digestibility ◽

Crossbred Cow

The purposed of the study was to identify performances of Simmental – Ongole Crossbred (SIMPO) cow and Ongole Crossbred (PO) cow fed with forage and concentrate feed. This experiment was carried out at Laboratory of Meat, Draught, and Companion Animals, Faculty of Animal Science, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta on May 16th to July 24th 2009. Six SIMPO cows with initial body weight of 352±47 kg and ten PO cows with initial body weight of 295±60 kg aged 3-4 years was used in the experiments. They were fed with elephant grasses and concentrate feds (60:40/DM basis) as much as 3% of body weight (DM basis). Data collected were dry matter, organic matter, crude protein and total digestible nutrients intakes, dry matter, organic matter, and crude protein digestibilities, body condition score and estrus cycles. Experimental design used was Completely Randomized Design (CRD). The data optained showed that feed intake of dry matter, organic matter, crude protein, and TDN on SIMPO were higher (P<0.01) than PO (13.99±2.64 kg/head/day vs 10.95±1.03 kg/head/day; 11.74±2.21 kg/head/day vs 9.17±0.87 kg/head/day; 1.63±0.29 kg/head/day vs 1.28±0.11 kg/head/day; 7.53±1.41 kg/head/day vs 6.17±0.60 kg/head/day respectively), whereas there were no significant differences on the nutrient intake expressed in metabolic body weight (0.16±0.02 kgMBW vs 0.14±0.02 kgMBW; 0.13±0.02 kgMBW vs 0.12±0.02 kgMBW; 0.018±0.002 kgMBW vs 0.02±0.002 kgMBW; 0.09±0.01 kgMBW vs 0.08±0.01 kgMBW) respectively. There were no difference both on dry matter, organic matter, crude protein digestibility (70.83±3.26% vs 65.36±2.19%; 72.38±3.08% vs 67.10±2.15%; 79.48±2.29% vs 75.79±2.17%), and so were in the case of BCS, and estrus cycles in SIMPO and PO cow. It is concluded that based on the metabolic body weight and feed digestibility, between SIMPO and PO cows were similar. (Key words: Performance, Cow, Simmental – Ongole Crossbred cow, Ongole Crossbred cow, Forage, Concentrate)

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The utilization of diets containing increasing levels of dried brewers' grains by growing lambs

Animal Science ◽

10.1017/s1357729800009267 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 66 (3) ◽

pp. 689-695 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

S. Bovolenta ◽

E. Piasentier ◽

C. Peresson ◽

F. Malossini

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Weight Gain ◽

Crude Protein ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Live Weight ◽

Experimental Period ◽

Ether Extract ◽

Initial Composition ◽

Positive Interaction ◽

Live Weight Gain

AbstractAn experiment was conducted to evaluate the feeding characteristics and the productive responses of lamb diets containing increasing levels of dried brewers' grains (DBG). Five groups of six 70-day-old Bergamasca lambs were housed in individual pens and givenad libitumfor 9 weeks pelleted diets containing 200 g/kg of concentrate and 800 g/kg of a mixture of DBG and lucerne hay in the ratios of 0:80 (DBG0), 20:60 (DBG20), 40:40 (DBG40) 60:20 (DBG60) and 80:0 (DBG80). During the last 12 days of the experimental period, a digestibility trial was carried out for each diet. After this, all the lambs were slaughtered and the composition of the empty body weight was determined. The initial composition of the empty body was estimated from the composition of a sixth group of lambs slaughtered at the beginning of the trial.The apparent digestibility of dry matter (DM), organic matter, crude protein, ether extract, neutral-detergent fibre and energy increased with the proportion of DBG. The daily DM intake relative to metabolic body weight (M0·75) diminished significantly with the increasing proportion of DBG in the diet, from 127 g/kg M0·75for diet DBG0 to 83 g/kg M0·75for diet DBG60. The daily live-weight gain and food DM conversion efficiency were highest with the intermediate diets (414 g/day with diet DBG40 and 240 g/kg DM with DBG60), showing a quadratic trend, an indication of a positive interaction between DBG and lucerne hay. The fat content of the live-weight gain was particularly high in the lambs given the diet with the highest proportion of DBG. It was concluded that DBG may be profitably used in growing-fattening diets for lambs in a proportion not exceeding about 400 g/kg DM.

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Effect of naturally occurring and synthetic androgens on growth, body composition and muscle glucocorticoid receptors in wether lambs

Animal Science ◽

10.1017/s0003356100007297 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 58 (3) ◽

pp. 357-364 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

H. Gallbraith ◽

A. D. Berry

Keyword(s):

Skeletal Muscle ◽

Body Weight ◽

Crude Protein ◽

Binding Capacity ◽

Live Weight ◽

Backfat Thickness ◽

Trenbolone Acetate ◽

Naturally Occurring ◽

Main Effects ◽

Nandrolone Phenylpropionate

AbstractTwenty-five Border Leicester ♂ × Blackface ♀ wether lambs aged about 4 months and weighing on average 28·5 kg were allocated to be treated with the naturally occurring steroid testosterone or trenbolone acetate or nandrolone phenylpropionate which are steroids synthetically produced. Treatment groups were as follows: untreated controls (C); 50 mg testosterone (T); 50 mg trenbolone acetate (TA); 50 mg testosterone + 50 mg trenbolone acetate (TTA) or 50 mg nandrolone phenylpropionate (N). Implants were given at 100 and again at 63 days before slaughter. The lambs were offered to appetite a good quality diet containing, per kg dry matter, an estimated 11·0 MJ metabolizable energy and 185 g crude protein. Comparisons were made for the main effects of T and TA and also interactions between T and TA. Effects due to N were assessed statistically against untreated controls. Treatment with T, on average, increased live-weight gain (LWG), empty body weight (EBW) and reduced backfat thickness and the weight (g/kg EBW) of perirenal and retroperitoneal fat. Main effects due to TA were increases in killing-out ratio and depth of the gigot joint and reductions in backfat thickness. Treatment with N increased the empty body weight and (g/kg) carcass ash. Non-significant (P > 0·05) trends were suggested for increases in carcass crude protein due to T and TA treatments. T and TA but not N treatments exhibited marked androgenic activity in increasing the weight (mg/kg EBW) of the accessary vesicular gland. TA and N, but not T, reduced the weight (g/kg EBW) of the thymus gland.The maximum binding capacity of post-morte m skeletal muscle (m. gluteus) for (3H)-dexamethasone was reduced by TA but increased by T and N. These results suggest differences in the binding capacity of corticosteroid receptors which may be related to differences in the effects of T and TA on protein metabolism in skeletal muscle.

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The utilization of maize silage for intensive beef production: I. The effect of level and source of supplementary nitrogen on the utilization of maize silage by cattle of different ages

The Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.1017/s0021859600052503 ◽

1975 ◽

Vol 84 (2) ◽

pp. 353-364 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

C. Thomas ◽

J. M. Wilkinson ◽

J. C. Tayler

Keyword(s):

Weight Gain ◽

Crude Protein ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Live Weight ◽

High Rate ◽

Feed Conversion ◽

Maize Silage ◽

Live Weight Gain ◽

Main Effect ◽

Urea Addition

SUMMARYFifty-four British Friesian castrated male calves, initially 3, 6 or 9 months of age (107, 180 and 249 kg initial live weight, respectively), were individually fed for 83 days on maize silage (27·9% dry matter (D.M.), 10·7% crude protein in D.M.), offeredad libitum. Silage was offered either alone or supplemented with cobs of dried lucerne (21% of total D.M. intake). Three levels of urea (0, 1 and 2% of silage D.M.) were added to the silage before feeding.Total D.M. intakes averaged 23·0, 23·4 and 21·6 g/kg live weight (LW) for the 3-, 6- and 9-month-old animals, respectively. Addition of urea increased silage intake by 11% in the 6-month-old group but there was little effect in the 3- and 9-month-old groups. Lucerne supplementation reduced silage D.M. intake from 22·0 to 18·4 g/kg LW (P< 0·001) and increased total D.M. intake by 1·4 g/kg LW (P< 0·001).Live-weight gain (LWG) of the cattle fed on silage alone increased (P< 0·001) with increasing age of animal. The main effect of urea was to elevate (P< 0·001) LWG from an average of 0·79 (no urea) to 0·94 kg/head/day (2% urea). However, it appeared that most of this effect was confined to the 6-month-old group. The effect of lucerne on LWG decreased with increasing age of animal (P< 0·001). Inclusion of lucerne in the diet significantly reduced the response to urea (P< 0·05).Feed conversion efficiency (LWG/100 Mcal DE intake) decreased (P< 0·01) with increasing age of animal but increased with urea addition from an average of 4·7 (no urea) to 5·3 kg LWG/100 Meal DE intake (2% urea). The response to lucerne supplementation in terms of efficiency was greatest in the 3-month-old group and thereafter declined markedly with increasing age of animal.The results of this experiment indicated that cattle older than 6 months of age (180 kg LW) could achieve a rate of growth of 1·0 kg/head/day on maize silage supplemented solely with urea, but that younger animals required supplementary lucerne to support a high rate of live-weight gain.

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