Effect of naturally occurring and synthetic androgens on growth, body composition and muscle glucocorticoid receptors in wether lambs

1994 ◽  
Vol 58 (3) ◽  
pp. 357-364 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Gallbraith ◽  
A. D. Berry
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Binding Capacity ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Backfat Thickness ◽  
Trenbolone Acetate ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Main Effects ◽  
Nandrolone Phenylpropionate

AbstractTwenty-five Border Leicester ♂ × Blackface ♀ wether lambs aged about 4 months and weighing on average 28·5 kg were allocated to be treated with the naturally occurring steroid testosterone or trenbolone acetate or nandrolone phenylpropionate which are steroids synthetically produced. Treatment groups were as follows: untreated controls (C); 50 mg testosterone (T); 50 mg trenbolone acetate (TA); 50 mg testosterone + 50 mg trenbolone acetate (TTA) or 50 mg nandrolone phenylpropionate (N). Implants were given at 100 and again at 63 days before slaughter. The lambs were offered to appetite a good quality diet containing, per kg dry matter, an estimated 11·0 MJ metabolizable energy and 185 g crude protein. Comparisons were made for the main effects of T and TA and also interactions between T and TA. Effects due to N were assessed statistically against untreated controls. Treatment with T, on average, increased live-weight gain (LWG), empty body weight (EBW) and reduced backfat thickness and the weight (g/kg EBW) of perirenal and retroperitoneal fat. Main effects due to TA were increases in killing-out ratio and depth of the gigot joint and reductions in backfat thickness. Treatment with N increased the empty body weight and (g/kg) carcass ash. Non-significant (P > 0·05) trends were suggested for increases in carcass crude protein due to T and TA treatments. T and TA but not N treatments exhibited marked androgenic activity in increasing the weight (mg/kg EBW) of the accessary vesicular gland. TA and N, but not T, reduced the weight (g/kg EBW) of the thymus gland.The maximum binding capacity of post-morte m skeletal muscle (m. gluteus) for (3H)-dexamethasone was reduced by TA but increased by T and N. These results suggest differences in the binding capacity of corticosteroid receptors which may be related to differences in the effects of T and TA on protein metabolism in skeletal muscle.

Growth performance and body composition of wether lambs implanted at two different initial live weights with trenbolone acetate combined with oestradiol-17β

1988 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. H. Sulieman ◽  
H. Galbraith ◽  
J. H. Topps
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Hormonal Treatment ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Lean Tissue ◽  
Trenbolone Acetate ◽  
Intermuscular Fat ◽  
Body Components ◽  
Gut Fill ◽  
Main Effects

AbstractThirty-two Border Leicester ♂ × Scottish Blackface ♀ wether lambs, aged about 5 months, were divided into two groups on the basis of live weight, such that group G1 contained the 16 lightest lambs and group G2 the 16 heaviest. Lambs in group G1 were subdivided equally at random either to be sham-implanted controls (Group C1) or to be implanted with 35 mg trenbolone acetate (TBA) + 5 mg oestradiol-17β (OE) (group T1) at 24 kg initial live weight. The lambs in group G2 were also subdivided into two groups (groups C2 and T2), and similarly treated approximately 1 month later at 37 kg initial live weight. The lambs were offered ad libitum a diet containing an estimated 12·5 MJ metabolizable energy (ME) per kg dry matter (DM) and 140 g/kg DM crude protein. Comparisons were made for the main effects of hormonal treatment and initial live weight. Both hormonal treatment and initial live weight gave increases for DM intake, gut fill, empty body weight, carcass weight and, in the half carcass side weight, weights of dissected lean tissue, bone and intermuscular fat and chemically determined DM, crude protein and lipid. Weights of mm. semitendinosus, longissimus dorsi, supraspinatus and gastrocnemius were also increased due to hormonal treatment and in group G2 lambs compared with those in group G1. When expressed as a proportion of carcass side weight, hormonal treatment effects were not significant for individual muscles and dissected carcass lean, bone and fat and chemically determined lipid and ash. Variable effects on other body components were recorded for both treatments in the absence of any significant interactions. The responses to hormonal treatment were essentially similar in groups G1 and G2. The question is raised as to the contribution of the greater food intake in implanted lambs to the maintenance of fatness in these animals.

171 Effects of Dietary Valine, Isoleucine, and Tryptophan Supplementations to Diets Containing Excess Leucine on Nitrogen Balance of Growing Pigs

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 61-61
Author(s):  
Woongbi Bi Kwon ◽  
Jose A Soto ◽  
Hans H Stein
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Initial Body Weight ◽  
N Retention ◽  
Biological Value ◽  
Main Effects

Abstract An experiment was conducted to test the hypothesis that increasing concentrations of dietary Val, Ile, or Trp alone or in combination will alleviate negative effects of excess dietary Leu on N balance of growing pigs. Seventy-two barrows (initial body weight: 33.9 ± 2.6 kg) were housed in metabolism crates and randomly assigned to 1 of 8 diets and 3 blocks with 3 pigs per diet in each block in a 12-d experiment. Treatments were arranged in a 2 × 2 × 2 factorial with the main effects of L-Val (0 or 0.1%), L-Ile (0 or 0.1%), and L-Trp (0 or 0.05%) that were added to a basal diet containing corn and a high-protein corn product (48% crude protein; 5.9% Leu). The basal diet contained 1.00 % standardized ileal digestible (SID) Lys and 171% SID Leu:Lys. Data were analyzed using the PROC MIXED of SAS with concentrations of Val, Ile, and Trp, and all interactions as main effects and replicate as a random effect. No 3-way interactions were observed (Table 1). Results indicated that fecal N output increased if Ile was added to diets without added Val, but that was not the case if Val was added (interaction, P < 0.05). Addition of Ile to diets reduced N retention, but N retention increased with Trp addition to diets without Val addition, but not if Trp was added to diets with added Val (interaction, P < 0.05). The biological value of protein increased if Trp was added to diets without addition of Ile, but if Ile was added, Trp addition did not increase the biological value of protein (interaction, P < 0.05). In conclusion, adding Ile to a diet with excess Leu reduced N retention, but if Trp was added alone or in combination with Ile or Val, N retention increased.

The protein and energy nutrition of the pig. V. The effect of varying the protein and energy levels in the ‘finishing diets’ of heavy pigs

1965 ◽  
Vol 65 (3) ◽  
pp. 405-409 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. W. Robinson
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Energy Levels ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Feeding Trial ◽  
Large White ◽  
High Energy Level ◽  
Finishing Diets ◽  
Main Effects ◽  
Carcass Measurement

1. A feeding trial was carried out using fortyeight Large White pigs, individually fed in a Danish type piggery. Six different diets prepared at two levels of digestible energy and three levels of crude protein were fed to eight replicates consisting of four hogs and four gilts per replicate. A record was maintained of the weekly live-weight gain and food was given at a defined restricted level in relation to the live weight. Carcass quality was assessed by complete dissection into visible lean, fat and bone etc.2. Of the main effects, energy, supply was without significant effect upon growth, food conversion efficiency (FCE) or any carcass characteristics except body length which was increased with a high energy level. The protein level in the diet had a significant effect upon the percentage of carcass lean and the killing-out percentage, the higher levels of protein increasing both these measurements significantly. Gilts were significantly superior to hogs in every carcass measurement although hogs grew significantly faster.

Effects of ovariectomy and hindlimb unloading on skeletal muscle

1998 ◽  
Vol 85 (4) ◽  
pp. 1316-1321 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan S. Fisher ◽  
Eileen M. Hasser ◽  
Marybeth Brown
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Muscle Growth ◽  
Relaxation Times ◽  
Hindlimb Unloading ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Time To Peak ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Contraction ◽  
Contraction Times ◽  
Main Effects

Female rats (7–8 mo old, n = 40) were randomly placed into the intact control (Int) and ovariectomized control (Ovx) groups. Two weeks after ovariectomy, animals were further divided into intact 2-wk hindlimb unloaded (Int-HU) and ovariectomized hindlimb unloaded (Ovx-HU). We hypothesized that there would be greater hindlimb unloading-related atrophy in Ovx than in Int rats. In situ contractile tests were performed on soleus (Sol), plantaris (Plan), peroneus longus (Per), and extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscles. Body weight and Sol mass were ∼22% larger in Ovx than in Int group and ∼18% smaller in both HU groups than in Int rats (Ovx × HU interaction, P < 0.05), and there was a similar trend in Plan muscle ( P< 0.07). There were main effects ( P< 0.05) for both ovariectomy (growth) and hindlimb unloading (atrophy) on gastrocnemius mass. Mass of the Per and EDL muscles was unaffected by either ovariectomy or hindlimb unloading. Time to peak twitch tension for EDL and one-half relaxation times for Sol, Plan, Per, and EDL muscles were faster ( P< 0.05) in Ovx than in Int animals. The results suggest that 1) ovariectomy led to similar increases of ∼20% in body weight and plantar flexor mass; 2) hindlimb unloading may have prevented ovariectomy-related muscle growth; 3) greater atrophy may have occurred in Sol and Plan of Ovx animals compared with controls; and 4) removal of ovarian hormonal influence decreased skeletal muscle contraction times.

The effects of implanting prepuberal dairy heifers with anabolic steroids on live-weight gain, blood and urine composition and milk yield

1979 ◽  
Vol 93 (2) ◽  
pp. 321-327 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Little ◽  
R. M. Kay ◽  
D. J. Harwood ◽  
R. J. Heitzman
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Anabolic Steroids ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Trenbolone Acetate ◽  
Dairy Heifers ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Weight Gains ◽  
Urine Composition ◽  
The Mean

SUMMARYTwenty-seven British Friesian heifer calves were housed as a group but fed individually barley-lucerne pellets according to a scale related to body weight. At 16 weeks and again at 31 weeks of age nine calves were implanted subcutaneously at the base of the ear with 300 mg trenbolone acetate (group T), nine calves were similarly implanted with 140 mg trenbolone acetate and 20 mg oestradiol-17/? (group TE) and the remaining nine calves were sham implanted (group C).As a result of increased feed conversion ratios, body-weight gains were significantly greater in group T (0–80 kg/day) and group TE (0–87 kg/day) than in group C (0–72 kg/ day) during the 15 weeks following the second implant, but there was no significant difference between groups following the first implant.Following both implants in groups T and TE the mean concentrations of urea and albumin in serum decreased, and that of globulin increased. The mean urea: creatinine ratio in the urine of animals in groups T and TE relative to that in group C also decreased.The heifers were served by an Aberdeen Angus bull at the first and, when they occurred, subsequent oestruses. Following calving the mean milk yields in the first lactation in group T (641 kg in 96 days) and group TE (1993 in 212 days) was considerably lower than in group C (3636 kg in 293 days). The udder size in both groups of animals treated with the anabolic steroids was markedly reduced. It is concluded that despite an improvement in feed conversion ratios and body-weight gains, trenbolone acetate should not be administered to prepuberal heifers which will be retained for breeding and milk production.

A note on the response of British Friesian steers to trenbolone acetate and hexoestrol, and to alternation in dietary energy intake

1982 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 277-280 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Galbraith ◽  
K. J. Geraghty
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Dietary Energy ◽  
Plasma Urea ◽  
Trenbolone Acetate ◽  
Blood Constituents ◽  
Dietary Energy Intake ◽  
Main Effects

ABSTRACTFour steers from a group of eight British Friesian steers were implanted with 300 mg trenbolone acetate and 30 mg hexoestrol at the beginning of a 90-day trial period. The remainder were untreated. They were offered diets that varied in estimated content of metabolizable energy as follows (MJ/day): day 0 to 34 (period A), 100; day 35 to 60 (period B), 50; and day 61 to 90 (period C), 75 increasing to 110. Implanted steers gained significantly more live weight in periods A and C, and lost less in period B, than controls. Implanted steers had significantly elevated concentrations of plasma glucose in period A, and lower values for plasma urea and serum albumin throughout. Differences between control and implanted steers for the other blood constituents studied, including growth hormone, insulin and prolactin, were small and not significant. The main effects of changes in dietary energy intake on blood composition included significant increases in both groups of animals in the concentration of free fatty acids and growth hormone during underfeeding (period B). These concentrations decreased in period C, concomitant with significant increases in the concentrations of insulin and prolactin.

scholarly journals Effects of concentrate mixture level on nutrient digestibility, growth, production and reproduction performance of Jamunapari goat under semi intensive condition

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 223-230
Author(s):  
Nusrat Zahan Shoshe ◽  
Md Abdullah Al Mahmud ◽  
Piash Kumer Ghosh
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Feed Digestibility ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Reproduction Performance ◽  
Concentrate Mixture ◽  
Growth Production

Twenty female Jamunapari goats of live weight of 10.5 ± 1.2 kg at 08± 0.56 months of age were used for 240 days feeding trial. Goats were assigned to four dietary treatments in a completely randomized design with five (05) goats in each group. All animals were supplied ad libitum green grass and water. They were supplied 150, 200, 250, 300 gm concentrate mixture per day with roughage for group T1, T2, T3, and T4 respectively. Total dry matter (TDM) intake (413.2, 456.67, 489.2 and 495.7g/day) in groups T1, T2, T3, and T4, respectively, was significantly (p≤0.01) influenced by the level of concentrate in the diet. Average total digestible crude protein (DCP) intake (3.1, 3.5, 3.9, 4.0 g/kg body weight and average total digestible nutrient (TDN) intake 21.1, 22.3, 24.7, 25.1 g/kg body weight was significantly (p≤0.01) higher in group T4 and lower in group T1. The nutrient intake and digestibility were also significantly higher (p≤0.01) in T4 group. The percent digestibility of dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), crude protein (CP), crude fiber (CF), ether extract (EE) and nitrogen free extract (NFE) were 70.1, 75.99, 73.50, 67.24, 62.13 and 49.60%, 73.14, 76.97,76.84, 68.32, 64.04 and 53.25%, 75.45,78.44,78.67,70.43,68.43 and 59.77%, 79.56, 80.16,81.69,72.45,70.82 and 63.09% in T1, T2, T3 and T4 group, respectively. Reproductive performances, birth weight of kids and litter size did not differ significantly between groups, but had significant effect on feed digestibility and milk production. Daily 300 gm concentrate mixture along with roughage is necessary for better growth, production and reproduction performance of Jamunapari doe in semi-intensive system. Res. Agric., Livest. Fish.8(2): 223-230, August 2021

The nutrition of the early weaned lamb:I. The influence of protein concentration and feeding level on rate of gain in body weight

1970 ◽  
Vol 75 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. P. Andrews ◽  
E. R. Ørskov
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Protein Concentration ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Protein Requirements ◽  
Feeding Level ◽  
Agricultural Research Council ◽  
Dietary Crude Protein ◽  
Body Weights

SUMMARYThe live-weight gains of male and female lambs were measured during growth from 16 to 40 kg live weight when five cereal-based diets varying in dietary crude protein concentration (from 10 to 20%) were given at three levels in a 5×3×2 factorial design.Males grew faster than females by about 15% (P < 0·001); this difference increased with age and with the amount of feed given (P < 0·05). Growth rate responded linearly to increase in feeding level (P < 0·001) and curvilinearly to increase in dietary protein concentration (P < 0·01). A significant interaction (P < 0·01) occurred whereby growth increased with higher protein concentrations as feeding level increased.At the highest feeding level (near ad libitum) the results suggest that the optimum dietary crude protein concentration for growth was about 17·5, 15·0, 12·5 and 12·5% at body weights of 20, 25, 30 and 35 kg respectively. The overall optimum dietary crude protein concentration for growth between 16 and 40 kg body weight was about 17·0, 15·0 and 11·0% when the mean digestible energy intake was 3·0, 2·6 and 2·1 Mcal/day.The results agree reasonably well with estimates of protein requirements for lambs given by the Agricultural Research Council (1965).

Growth performance and body composition of early weaned wether lambs treated with trenbolone acetate combined with oestradiol–17β

1986 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 109-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. H. Sulieman ◽  
H. Galbraith ◽  
J. H. Topps
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Hormonal Treatment ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Trenbolone Acetate ◽  
Live Weight Gain ◽  
Total Fat ◽  
Gut Fill

ABSTRACTTwenty-eight Border Leicester ♂ × Scottish Blackface ♀ wether lambs aged 47 days and weighing 17 kg on average were allocated to be sham-implanted controls (group C) or implanted with trenbolone acetate (TBA) combined with oestradiol-17β (OE) as follows: 17·5 mg TBA + 2·5 mg OE (group TO1); 35 mg TBA + 5 mg OE (TO2); 52·5 mg TBA + 7·5 mg OE (TO3). The lambs were offered ad libitum a diet containing (per kg dry matter) an estimated 12·5 MJ metabolizable energy and 0·16 kg crude protein. They were slaughtered 60 days following implantation.On average hormonal treatment resulted in significant increases in (a) live-weight gain, food intake and gut fill, (b) proportions of perinephric and retroperitoneal fat in empty body, (c) carcass lean proportion, and (d) proportion of lean in shoulder and rib joints. Variable changes in the weights of m. semitendinosus, m. gastrocnemius and m. supraspinatus were recorded.Hormonal treatment, on average resulted in significant reductions in (a) killing-out proportion, (b) proportions of total fat and subcutaneous fat in carcass and (c) proportions of fat in the shoulder, rib and hind leg joints. Treated lambs had smaller thymus glands but larger accessory vesicular glands. Penile tissue was also increased in treated lambs. The proportional differences in live-weight gain and carcass fat content were 0·15 and 0·12 respectively.Differences in dose level had little effect on growth and carcass characteristics.

Studies on goat nutrition Part II. Digestible protein requirements for maintenance from balance studies

1960 ◽  
Vol 54 (3) ◽  
pp. 335-340 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. N. Majumdar
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Protein Requirement ◽  
Protein Requirements ◽  
Digestible Crude Protein ◽  
Digestible Protein ◽  
Endogenous Urinary Nitrogen ◽  
Urinary Nitrogen

1. The crude protein requirement of goats for maintenance has been determined from balance studies. The requirement per kg., as found by three different methods of treatments of the balance data, is practically the same, viz. 2·63 g. crude protein.2. The digestible crude protein requirement also has been calculated, again by two different methods, and is estimated at 1·12 lb./1000 lb. body weight. This value is undoubtedly very much higher than the value (0·65 lb./1000 lb.) obtained previously from the endogenous urinary nitrogen determinations alone.3. The dry-matter requirement of goat per 100 lb. live weight has been determined. Calculated on the basis of live weight raised to the power 0·734, the requirement was found to be 2·6 lb./100 lb.

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