Dietary patterns, insulin sensitivity and adiposity in the multi-ethnic Insulin Resistance Atherosclerosis Study population

Epidemiological investigations increasingly employ dietary-pattern techniques to fully integrate dietary data. The present study evaluated the relationship of dietary patterns identified by cluster analysis with measures of insulin sensitivity (SI) and adiposity in the multi-ethnic, multi-centre Insulin Resistance Atherosclerosis Study (IRAS, 1992–94). Cross-sectional data from 980 middle-aged adults, of whom 67% had normal and 33% had impaired glucose tolerance, were analysed. Usual dietary intake was obtained by an interviewer-administered, validated food-frequency questionnaire. Outcomes included SI, fasting insulin (FI), BMI and waist circumference. The relationship of dietary patterns to log(SI+1), log(FI), BMI and waist circumference was modelled with multivariable linear regressions. Cluster analysis identified six distinct diet patterns – ‘dark bread’, ‘wine’, ‘fruits’, ‘low-frequency eaters’, ‘fries’ and ‘white bread’. The ‘white bread’ and the ‘fries’ patterns over-represented the Hispanic IRAS population predominantly from two centres, while the ‘wine’ and ‘dark bread’ groups were dominated by non-Hispanic whites. The dietary patterns were associated significantly with each of the outcomes first at the crude, clinical level (P<0·001). Furthermore, they were significantly associated with FI, BMI and waist circumference independent of age, sex, race or ethnicity, clinic, family history of diabetes, smoking and activity (P<0.004), whereas significance was lost for SI. Studying the total dietary behaviour via a pattern approach allowed us to focus both on the qualitative and quantitative dimensions of diet. The present study identified highly consistent associations of distinct dietary patterns with measures of insulin resistance and adiposity, which are risk factors for diabetes and heart disease.

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Abstract 2374: Whole Grain Intake in Relation to Lipids, Apolipoproteins, and Lipoprotein Subclasses in a Multi-ethnic Cohort: The Insulin Resistance Atherosclerosis Study

Circulation ◽

10.1161/circ.116.suppl_16.ii_520-a ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 116 (suppl_16) ◽

Author(s):

Philip Mellen ◽

Angela Liese ◽

Steven Haffner ◽

David Goff

Keyword(s):

Insulin Resistance ◽

Particle Concentration ◽

Whole Grains ◽

Whole Grain ◽

Apo B ◽

Lipoprotein Subclasses ◽

Insulin Resistance Atherosclerosis Study ◽

Relationship Of ◽

The Relationship ◽

Lipid Parameters

Context: Whole grain intake is inversely associated with LDL-c and the metabolic syndrome, but the relationship of whole grains with other lipid parameters, such as small, dense LDL, is not established. We sought to evaluate the relationship of whole grain intake with lipids, apolipoproteins, and LDL lipoprotein subclasses in a large, multi-ethnic cohort. Methods: This cross-sectional study evaluated 975 non-diabetic participants in the Insulin Resistance Atherosclerosis Study. Baseline whole grain intake was estimated based on intake of dark breads, cooked cereals, and high-fiber cereals assessed in a validated food frequency questionnaire. Fasting lipid measurements included apolipoproteins and lipoprotein subclasses quantified by NMR spectroscopy. Linear regression models evaluated lipid parameters across quartile of whole grain intake after adjustment for demographics (age, sex, ethnicity, center), anthropometrics (BMI, waist circumference), lifestyle factors (smoking, alcohol intake), dietary factors (total kcal, fruits, vegetables, dietary fats) and lipid-lowering medication use. Additional models included directly measured insulin sensitivity (Si). Results: The cohort was 56% female, had a mean (SD) age of 54.8 (8.5) years, and was 60% non-white, with a median whole grain intake of .73 servings/day. In adjusted models, there was an inverse association between whole grain intake and LDL-c, Apo-B, Apo-B/Apo-A1 ratio, LDL particle concentration (LDL-p), and small LDL-p (Table ). These associations remained significant after adjustment for Si (LDL-c: p=.007; Apo-B: p=.04; Apo-B/Apo-A1: p=.03; LDL-p: p=.03; small LDL-p: p=.03). Conclusion: Whole grain intake is inversely associated with multiple lipid risk factors, including total and small LDL particle concentration, independent of insulin sensitivity and other confounders. This demonstrates additional mechanisms for the cardioprotective effects of whole grains.

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Impact of Uric Acid on the Relationship between Waist Circumference and Insulin Resistance: Results from CHARLS

10.21203/rs.3.rs-141137/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Jia Zheng ◽

Min Jiang ◽

Yanxia Xie

Keyword(s):

Insulin Resistance ◽

Uric Acid ◽

Waist Circumference ◽

Mediation Effect ◽

Mediation Effects ◽

Panel Model ◽

Relationship Of ◽

The Impact ◽

The Relationship

Abstract BackgroundWaist circumference (WC) and uric acid (UA) are significantly related. Still, their temporal sequence and how the sequence works on future risk of insulin resistance (IR) are unknown, especially in the Chinese population. MethodsCross-lagged panel model was used to analyze the reciprocal, longitudinal relationships between a set of inter-related variables. The mediation model was constructed to test the impact of the relationship between WC and UA on IR.ResultsA total of 5,727 subjects in our study population were enrolled, of which 53.5% were women, and the mean age was 59.0 (SD, 8.62) years. After adjusting for traditional confounding factors, we found that a higher level of baseline WC was significantly associated with a higher level of follow-up UA (β = 0.003, P = 0.031) and follow-up triglycerides glucose index (TyG) (β = 0.003, P < 0.001);. Simultaneously, there was no statistical association between the level of baseline UA and the level of follow-up WC (β = -0.009, P = 0.951). Besides, the cross-lagged panel model showed that the baseline WC had influenced the level of follow-up UA. The mediation effects of UA on WC-IR were estimated to be 18.1% in general adults, and 36.2% in women.ConclusionsThe current study demonstrated that the higher WC levels probably preceded UA in general population, and UA mediated the relationship of WC to TyG, especially among females. However, the mediation effect was different between men and women, and the possible mechanism would require further clarification.

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Relationship of Insulin Sensitivity, Insulin Secretion, and Adiposity With Insulin Clearance in a Multiethnic Population: The Insulin Resistance Atherosclerosis Study

Diabetes Care ◽

10.2337/dc12-0101 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 36 (1) ◽

pp. 101-103 ◽

Cited By ~ 34

Author(s):

C. Lorenzo ◽

A. J. G. Hanley ◽

L. E. Wagenknecht ◽

M. J. Rewers ◽

D. Stefanovski ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Insulin Resistance ◽

Insulin Secretion ◽

Insulin Sensitivity ◽

Insulin Clearance ◽

Multiethnic Population ◽

Insulin Resistance Atherosclerosis Study ◽

Relationship Of

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Importance of the high-molecular-mass isoform of adiponectin in improved insulin sensitivity with rosiglitazone treatment in HIV disease

Clinical Science ◽

10.1042/cs20070387 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 115 (6) ◽

pp. 197-202 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Saima Qurashi ◽

Dennis C. Mynarcik ◽

Margaret A. McNurlan ◽

Hongshik Ahn ◽

Robert Ferris ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Insulin Resistance ◽

Insulin Sensitivity ◽

Molecular Mass ◽

High Molecular Mass ◽

Response To Treatment ◽

Model Assessment ◽

Peripheral Insulin Sensitivity ◽

Gradient Density ◽

Relationship Of ◽

The Relationship

The present study was designed to investigate the relationship of isoforms of adiponectin to insulin sensitivity in subjects with HIV-associated insulin resistance in response to treatment with the thiazolidinedione, rosiglitazone. The two isoforms of adiponectin, HMW (high-molecular-mass) and LMW (low-molecular-mass), were separated by sucrose-gradient-density centrifugation. The amount of adiponectin in gradient fractions was determined by ELISA. Peripheral insulin sensitivity (Rd) was determined with hyperinsulinaemic–euglycaemic clamp, whereas hepatic sensitivity [HOMA (Homoeostasis Model Assessment) %S] was based on basal glucose and insulin values. Treatment with rosiglitazone for 3 months resulted in a significant improvement in the index of hepatic insulin sensitivity (86.4±15% compared with 139±23; P=0.007) as well as peripheral insulin sensitivity (4.04±0.23 compared with 6.17±0.66 mg of glucose/kg of lean body mass per min; P<0.001). Improvement in HOMA was associated with increased levels of HMW adiponectin (r=0.541, P=0.045), but not LMW adiponectin. The present study suggests that the HMW isoform of adiponectin is important in the regulation of rosiglitazone-mediated improvement in insulin sensitivity in individuals with HIV-associated insulin resistance, particularly in the liver.

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The Relationship of Fasting Free Fatty Acids, Adipose Tissue, Insulin Resistance, and Fasting Glucose Concentrations with Subsequent ß-Cell Function in Nondiabetic Subjects

Diabetes ◽

10.2337/db18-1812-p ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 67 (Supplement 1) ◽

pp. 1812-P

Author(s):

MARIA D. HURTADO ◽

J.D. ADAMS ◽

MARCELLO C. LAURENTI ◽

CHIARA DALLA MAN ◽

CLAUDIO COBELLI ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Insulin Resistance ◽

Fatty Acids ◽

Adipose Tissue ◽

Free Fatty Acids ◽

Cell Function ◽

Fasting Glucose ◽

Relationship Of ◽

The Relationship

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Influence of uric acid on the correlation between waist circumference and triglyceride glucose index: an analysis from CHARLS

Lipids in Health and Disease ◽

10.1186/s12944-021-01474-0 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 20 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Jia Zheng ◽

Min Jiang ◽

Yanxia Xie

Keyword(s):

Uric Acid ◽

Waist Circumference ◽

Mediation Effects ◽

Panel Model ◽

Triglyceride Glucose Index ◽

Study Population ◽

Relationship Of ◽

The Relationship ◽

Longitudinal Relationships

Abstract Background Waist circumference (WC) and uric acid (UA) are significantly related. Still, their temporal sequence and how the sequence works on future risk of triglyceride glucose (TyG) are unknown, especially in the Chinese population. Methods Cross-lagged panel model was used to analyze the reciprocal, longitudinal relationships among a set of interrelated variables. The mediation model was constructed to test the effect of the relationship between WC and UA on TyG. Results A total of 5727 subjects were enrolled in our study population, of which 53.5% were women, and the mean age was 59.0 (standard deviation, 8.62) years. After adjusting for traditional confounding factors, the results showed that a higher level of baseline WC was significantly associated with a higher level of follow-up UA (β = 0.003, P = 0.031) and follow-up TyG (β = 0.003, P < 0.001);. Simultaneously, there was no statistical association between the level of baseline UA and the level of follow-up WC (β = − 0.009, P = 0.951). The mediation effects of UA on WC-TyG were estimated to be 18.1% in adults, and 36.2% in women. Conclusions The current study demonstrated that higher baseline level of WC probably preceded UA’ level in general population. In addition, UA mediated the relationship of WC to TyG, especially in females. And the possible mechanism would require further clarification.

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Insulin Sensitivity, Insulinemia, and Coronary Artery Disease: The Insulin Resistance Atherosclerosis Study

Diabetes Care ◽

10.2337/diacare.27.3.781 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 27 (3) ◽

pp. 781-787 ◽

Cited By ~ 84

Author(s):

M. Rewers ◽

D. Zaccaro ◽

R. D'Agostino ◽

S. Haffner ◽

M. F. Saad ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Insulin Resistance ◽

Coronary Artery Disease ◽

Coronary Artery ◽

Insulin Sensitivity ◽

Artery Disease ◽

Insulin Resistance Atherosclerosis Study

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The Relationship between Insulin Resistance and the Cardiovascular Biomarker Growth Differentiation Factor-15 in Obese Patients

Clinical Chemistry ◽

10.1373/clinchem.2010.153726 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 57 (2) ◽

pp. 309-316 ◽

Cited By ~ 73

Author(s):

Greisa Vila ◽

Michaela Riedl ◽

Christian Anderwald ◽

Michael Resl ◽

Ammon Handisurya ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Insulin Resistance ◽

Gastric Bypass ◽

Insulin Sensitivity ◽

Oral Glucose ◽

Model Assessment ◽

Obese Patients ◽

Growth Differentiation Factor 15 ◽

Homeostatic Model Assessment ◽

Homeostatic Model ◽

The Relationship

BACKGROUND Growth differentiation factor-15 (GDF-15) is a stress-responsive cytokine linked to obesity comorbidities such as cardiovascular disease, inflammation, and cancer. GDF-15 also has adipokine properties and recently emerged as a prognostic biomarker for cardiovascular events. METHODS We evaluated the relationship of plasma GDF-15 concentrations with parameters of obesity, inflammation, and glucose and lipid metabolism in a cohort of 118 morbidly obese patients [mean (SD) age 37.2 (12) years, 89 females, 29 males] and 30 age- and sex-matched healthy lean individuals. All study participants underwent a 75-g oral glucose tolerance test; 28 patients were studied before and 1 year after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery. RESULTS Obese individuals displayed increased plasma GDF-15 concentrations (P < 0.001), with highest concentrations observed in patients with type 2 diabetes. GDF-15 was positively correlated with age, waist-to-height ratio, mean arterial blood pressure, triglycerides, creatinine, glucose, insulin, C-peptide, hemoglobin A1c, and homeostatic model assessment insulin resistance index and negatively correlated with oral glucose insulin sensitivity. Age, homeostatic model assessment index, oral glucose insulin sensitivity, and creatinine were independent predictors of GDF-15 concentrations. Roux-en-Y gastric bypass led to a significant reduction in weight, leptin, insulin, and insulin resistance, but further increased GDF-15 concentrations (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS The associations between circulating GDF-15 concentrations and age, insulin resistance, and creatinine might account for the additional cardiovascular predictive information of GDF-15 compared to traditional risk factors. Nevertheless, GDF-15 changes following bariatric surgery suggest an indirect relationship between GDF-15 and insulin resistance. The clinical utility of GDF-15 as a biomarker might be limited until the pathways directly controlling GDF-15 concentrations are better understood.

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