scholarly journals Nutrition and cancer: the current epidemiological evidence

2006 ◽  
Vol 96 (S1) ◽  
pp. S42-S45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos A. Gonzalez
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Stomach Cancer ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Glycaemic Index ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Processed Meat ◽  
Cancer Of The Lung

We have examined the current scientific evidence on the relationship between nutrition and the most frequent tumours in the Spanish population: lung, colorectal, prostate, breast and stomach. Consumption of fruit is negatively associated with cancer of the lung and stomach, possibly with colorectal cancer, but probably not with prostate cancer and breast cancer. Consumption of vegetables probably reduces the risk of colorectal and stomach cancer, but probably is not associated with cancer of the lung, prostate and breast. Consumption of red and processed meat is positively associated with colorectal cancer and probably with stomach cancer. Animal fat is possibly associated with colorectal cancer and probably with prostate and breast cancer. High alcohol intake increases the risk of colorectal and breast cancer, while dairy products and calcium seem to decrease the risk of colorectal cancer. Obesity is a recognised risk factor of colorectal cancer and breast cancer in postmenopausal women, while foods with a high glycaemic index and glycaemic load possibly increase the risk of colorectal and prostate cancer. The relevance of nutrition on the cancer process is evident. Nevertheless important issues remain to be solved and further studies are needed. This accumulative knowledge should be used by public health authorities to develop recommendations and activities to reduce overweight and obesity and to promote healthy dietary habits.

scholarly journals Lack of Association between Common Polymorphisms in Selenoprotein P Gene and Susceptibility to Colorectal Cancer, Breast Cancer, and Prostate Cancer: A Meta-Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Hanjiang Xu ◽  
Fan Mo ◽  
Jun Zhou ◽  
Zongyao Hao ◽  
Xianguo Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Cancer Susceptibility ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Selenoprotein P ◽  
Tumor Type ◽  
Cancer Breast ◽  
P Gene ◽  
Breast And Prostate Cancer

Background and Objective. Selenoprotein P (SEPP1) is the major selenoprotein in plasma. Previous studies have demonstrated that SEPP1 expression was reduced in human prostate and colon tumors. Nowadays, studies concerning SEPP1 gene polymorphisms and cancer susceptibility have been extensively investigated, whereas results from these studies remain debatable rather than conclusive. Thus, we performed the present meta-analysis to comprehensively assess the association between two common polymorphisms (rs3877899 and rs7579) in SEPP1 and cancer susceptibility. Method. We search the PubMed, Embase, Google Scholar, and Wanfang (China) databases (up to December 1, 2020) to identify all eligible publications. The pooled odds ratio (OR) correspondence with 95% confidence interval (CI) was calculated to evaluate the associations. Results. Finally, nine eligible studies with 7,157 cases and 6,440 controls and five studies with 2,278 cases and 2,821 controls were enrolled in rs3877899 and rs7579 polymorphisms, individually. However, a null significant association was detected between the two polymorphisms in SEPP1 and susceptibility to colorectal, breast, and prostate cancer in all comparison models. Subsequently, subgroup analysis based on tumor type, no significant association was identified for prostate, breast, and colorectal cancer. In addition, when the stratification analyses were conducted by the source of control, HWE status, and ethnicity, yet no significant association was found. Conclusions. The current meta-analysis shows that SEPP1 rs3877899 and rs7579 polymorphisms may not be associated with susceptibility to colon cancer, breast cancer, and prostate cancer, and further well-designed studies with a larger sample size are warranted to validate our findings.

scholarly journals Personalized Medicine in Screening for Malignant Disease: A Review of Methods and Applications

2013 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. BMI.S11153 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Schmalfuss ◽  
P.L. Kolominsky-Rabas
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Personalized Medicine ◽  
Literature Search ◽  
Malignant Disease ◽  
Decisive Role ◽  
Routine Clinical Practice ◽  
Cancer Breast ◽  
Potential Applications

Personalized medicine (PM) is currently a hot topic in the professional world. It is often called the medicine of the future and has already achieved resounding success in the area of targeted therapy. Nevertheless, integration of the concepts of PM into routine clinical practice is slow. This review is intended to give an overview of current and potential applications of PM in oncology. PM could soon play a decisive role, especially in screening. The relevance of PM in screening was examined in the case of four common cancers (colorectal cancer, lung cancer, breast cancer, and prostate cancer). A literature search was performed. This showed that biomarkers in particular play a crucial role in screening. In summary, it can be emphasized that there are already numerous known promising biomarkers in malignant disease. This results in several possibilities for individualizing and revolutionizing screening.

scholarly journals Meat intake and cancer risk: prospective analyses in UK Biobank

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anika Knuppel ◽  
Keren Papier ◽  
Georgina K. Fensom ◽  
Paul N. Appleby ◽  
Julie A. Schmidt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Meat Consumption ◽  
Red Meat ◽  
Processed Meat ◽  
Uk Biobank ◽  
Meat Intake ◽  
Incidence Trends ◽  
Red And Processed Meat

AbstractBackgroundRed and processed meat has been consistently associated with risk for colorectal cancer, but evidence for other cancer sites is limited and few studies have examined the association between poultry intake and cancer risk. We examined associations between total meat, red meat, processed meat and poultry intake and incidence for 20 common cancer sites.Methods and FindingsWe analysed data from 475,023 participants (54% women) in UK Biobank. Participants were aged 37-73 years and cancer free at baseline. Information on meat consumption was based on a touchscreen questionnaire completed at baseline covering type and frequency of meat intake. Diet intake was re-measured a minimum of three times in a subsample (15%) using a web-based 24h dietary recall questionnaire. Multivariable-adjusted Cox proportional hazards models were used to determine the association between baseline meat intake and cancer incidence. Trends in risk across baseline meat intake categories were calculated by assigning a mean value to each category using estimates from the re-measured meat intakes. During a mean follow-up of 6.9 years, 28,955 participants were diagnosed with a malignant cancer. Total, red and processed meat intakes were each positively associated with risk of colorectal cancer (e.g. hazard ratio (HR) per 70 g/day higher intake of red and processed meat combined 1.31, 95%-confidence interval (CI) 1.14-1.52).Red meat intake was positively associated with breast cancer (HR per 50 g/day higher intake 1.12, 1.01-1.24) and prostate cancer (1.15, 1.03-1.29). Poultry intake was positively associated with risk for cancers of the lymphatic and hematopoietic tissues (HR per 30g/day higher intake 1.16, 1.03-1.32). Only the associations with colorectal cancer were robust to Bonferroni correction for multiple comparisons. Study limitations include unrepresentativeness of the study sample for the UK population, low case numbers for less common cancers and the possibility of residual confounding.ConclusionsHigher intakes of red and processed meat were associated with a higher risk of colorectal cancer. The observed positive associations of red meat consumption with breast and prostate cancer, and poultry intake with cancers of the lymphatic and hematopoietic tissues, require further investigation.

scholarly journals 1047Epidemiology of different Cancers in Rural Jodhpur (India)

2021 ◽  
Vol 50 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Garima Singh ◽  
Pankaja Raghav
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Stomach Cancer ◽  
Laryngeal Cancer ◽  
Random Sampling ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Public Health Approach ◽  
Sampling Frame

Abstract Background Cancer is the second leading cause of death in India accounting for nearly 9.6 million deaths in 2018. Crude annual incidence rate of all cancers together in Rajasthan has increased from 1990 to 2016 from 58.8 to 72.6 per lakh population. Few studies done are based on hospitals and pathology centres, but the data is limited. Community based study is required to know the true burden and trend of cancer prevalent in the region. Methods A sampling frame was prepared from all the blocks in rural Jodhpur, one block was selected by simple random sampling. Then another sampling frame was prepared by enlisting the villages in the selected block, one third villages were selected by simple random sampling. Results Based on interim analysis, 25 villages have been surveyed till date, with the population of 57,856. We found 91 (0.16%) cancer patients, out of which burden of Oral cancer (19,20.87%) was highest followed by Breast cancer (17,19.31%), Laryngeal cancer (10,10.98%), Primary brain tumours (6,6.59%) respectively. Other cancers were Oesophageal cancer (5) Colorectal cancer (5) Cervical cancer (4) Leukemia (4) Bone tumours (4) Stomach cancer (4) Intestinal cancer (3) Pharyngeal cancer (3) Urinary bladder cancer (1) Thyroid cancer (1) Uterus cancer (1) Lung cancer (1) Renal cell carcinoma (1) Hepatocellular carcinoma (1) and Skin Cancer (1).Tobacco and Opium consumption were found to be associated with Oral and Laryngeal cancer. Conclusions According to the World Cancer Report 2020, Lung cancer is the leading cause of mortality followed by Breast cancer Colorectal cancer, Prostate cancer, Stomach cancer and Cervical cancer which is different from the pattern of Western India. Key messages This study highlights the common cancers and the need to have a public health approach to identify or create awareness for quick treatment.

scholarly journals Xenobiotics Formed during Food Processing: Their Relation with the Intestinal Microbiota and Colorectal Cancer

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (8) ◽  
pp. 2051 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alicja M. Nogacka ◽  
María Gómez-Martín ◽  
Adolfo Suárez ◽  
Oscar González-Bernardo ◽  
Clara G. de los Reyes-Gavilán ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Food Processing ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Intestinal Bacteria ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic ◽  
Modifiable Factor ◽  
Microbial Groups ◽  
The Relationship

The colonic epithelium is exposed to a mixture of compounds through diet, among which some are procarcinogens, whereas others have a protective effect. Therefore, the net impact of these compounds on human health depends on the overall balance between all factors involved. Strong scientific evidence has demonstrated the relationship between nitrosamines (NA), heterocyclic amines (HCAs), and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), which are the major genotoxins derived from cooking and food processing, and cancer. The mechanisms of the relationship between dietary toxic xenobiotics and cancer risk are not yet well understood, but it has been suggested that differences in dietary habits affect the colonic environment by increasing or decreasing the exposure to mutagens directly and indirectly through changes in the composition and activity of the gut microbiota. Several changes in the proportions of specific microbial groups have been proposed as risk factors for the development of neoplastic lesions and the enrichment of enterotoxigenic microbial strains in stool. In addition, changes in the gut microbiota composition and activity promoted by diet may modify the faecal genotoxicity/cytotoxicity, which can be associated with a higher or lower risk of developing cancer. Therefore, the interaction between dietary components and intestinal bacteria may be a modifiable factor for the development of colorectal cancer in humans and deserves more attention in the near future.

Changes in stage at diagnosis of screenable cancers after the Affordable Care Act.

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. 6521-6521 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xuesong Han ◽  
Chun Chieh Lin ◽  
Ahmedin Jemal
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Female Breast Cancer ◽  
Stage I ◽  
Stage At Diagnosis ◽  
Female Breast

6521 Background: Extensive evidence links inadequate insurance with later stage at cancer diagnosis, particularly for cancers that can be detected by screening. The Affordable Care Act (ACA) implemented in 2014 has substantially increased insurance coverage for Americans 18-64 years old. This study aims to examine any changes in stage at diagnosis after the ACA for the following cancers for which screening is recommended for individuals at risk: female breast cancer, colorectal cancer, cervical cancer, prostate cancer, and lung cancer. Methods: We used National Cancer Data Base, a nationally hospital-based cancer registry capturing 70% new cancer cases in the US each year, to identify nonelderly cancer patients with screening-appropriate age who were diagnosed during 2013-2014. The percentage of stage I disease was calculated for each cancer type before (2013 Q1-Q3) and after (2014 Q2-Q4) the ACA. 2013 Q4-2014 Q1 was excluded as a washout/phase-in period. Prevalence ratios (PR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated using log-binomial models controlling for age, race/ethnicity and sex if applicable. Results: 121,855 female breast cancer patients aged 40-64 years, 39,568 colorectal cancer patients aged 50-64 years, 11,265 cervical cancer patients aged 21-64 years, 59,626 prostate cancer patients aged 50-64 years, and 41,504 lung cancer patients aged 55-64 years were identified. After the implementation of the ACA, the percentage of stage I disease increased statistically significantly for female breast cancer (47.8% vs. 48.9%; PR = 1.02 [95%CI 1.01-1.03]), colorectal cancer (22.8% vs. 23.7%; PR = 1.04 [95%CI 1-1.08]), and lung cancer (16.6% vs. 17.7%; PR = 1.06 [95% CI 1.02-1.11]). A shift to stage I disease was also observed for cervical cancer (47.2% vs. 48.7%; PR = 1.02 [95% CI 0.98-1.06]) although not statistically significant. In contrast, the percentage of stage I decreased for prostate cancer (18.5% vs. 17.2%; PR = 0.93 [95%CI 0.9-0.96]) in 2014. Conclusions: The implementation of the ACA is associated with a shift to early stage at diagnosis for all screenable cancers except prostate cancer, which may reflect the recent US Preventive Services Task Force recommendations against routine prostate cancer screening.

scholarly journals Risk of cancer in regular and low meat-eaters, fish-eaters, and vegetarians: a prospective analysis of UK Biobank participants

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cody Z. Watling ◽  
Julie A. Schmidt ◽  
Yashvee Dunneram ◽  
Tammy Y. N. Tong ◽  
Rebecca K. Kelly ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Lower Risk ◽  
Prostate Cancer Risk ◽  
Postmenopausal Breast Cancer ◽  
Prospective Analysis ◽  
Inverse Association ◽  
Uk Biobank ◽  
Risk Of Cancer

Background: Following a vegetarian diet has become increasingly popular and some evidence suggests that being vegetarian may be associated with a lower risk of cancer overall. However, for specific cancer sites, the evidence is limited. Aim: To assess the associations of vegetarian and non-vegetarian diets with risks of all cancer, colorectal cancer, postmenopausal breast cancer, and prostate cancer, and to explore the role of potential mediators between these associations. Methods: We conducted a prospective analysis of 472,377 UK Biobank participants who were free from cancer at recruitment. Participants were categorised into regular meat-eaters (n=247,571), low meat-eaters (n=205,385), fish-eaters (n=10,696), and vegetarians (n=8,685) based on dietary questions completed at recruitment. Multivariable-adjusted Cox regressions were used to estimate hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for all cancer incidence and separate cancer sites across diet groups. Results: After an average follow-up of 11.4 years, 54,961 incident cancers were identified, including 5,882 colorectal, 7,537 postmenopausal breast, 9,501 prostate cancer cases. Compared with regular meat-eaters, being a low meat-eater, fish-eater, or vegetarian were all associated with a lower risk of all cancer (HR: 0.98, 95% CI: 0.96-1.00; 0.90, 0.84-0.96; 0.86, 0.80-0.93, respectively). Being a low meat-eater was associated with a lower risk of colorectal cancer in comparison to regular meat-eaters (0.91, 0.86-0.96); there was heterogeneity in this association by sex (p=0.007), with an inverse association across diet groups in men, but not in women. Vegetarian postmenopausal women had a lower risk of breast cancer (0.82, 0.68-0.99), which was attenuated and non-significant after adjusting for body mass index (BMI; 0.87, 0.72-1.05); in mediation analyses, BMI was found to possibly mediate the observed association. In men, being a fish-eater or a vegetarian was inversely associated with prostate cancer risk (0.80, 0.65-0.99 and 0.69, 0.54-0.89, respectively). Conclusion: Low and non-meat-eaters had a lower risk of being diagnosed with cancer in comparison to regular meat-eaters. We also found that low meat-eaters had a lower risk of colorectal cancer, vegetarian women had a lower risk of postmenopausal breast cancer, and vegetarians and fish-eaters had a lower risk of being diagnosed with prostate cancer. The lower risk of colorectal cancer in low meat-eaters is consistent with previous evidence suggesting an adverse impact of meat intake. The lower risk of postmenopausal breast cancer in vegetarian women may be explained by their lower BMI. It is not clear whether the other differences observed, for all cancers and for prostate cancer, reflect any causal relationships or are or due to other factors such as residual confounding or differences in cancer detection.

scholarly journals The impact of obesity on the development of certain cancers in patients with type 2 diabetes

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 88-96
Author(s):  
T.S. Vatseba ◽  
L.K. Sokolova ◽  
M.D. Tronko ◽  
I.K. Churpiy ◽  
M.O. Vatseba ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Obesity And Cancer ◽  
The Impact ◽  
First Time

The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of obesity on the development of cancer of certain localizations in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) and to explain the association mechanisms of obesity in diabetes and cancer. The study included retrospective analysis of first time diagnosed cancer cases in patients with T2D in 2012-2016 in Ivano-Frankivsk region. Analysis of the data was carried out using Statistica 12.0 (StatSoft Inc., USA) program. The data are presented in the tables as M ± SD (M ± standard deviation). Differences between the studied parameters were determined using the ANOVA- test, taking into account the Bonferroni correction. The relationship between the studied data was evaluated using the criterion of chi-square with Yates correction (χ²). The odds ratio (OR), 95% confidence interval, the positive and negative predictive value were calculated to determine the association between two events. The differences were considered significant at p < 0.05. According to the results, 533 cases of the first time diagnosed cancer were detected in patients with T2D. It was found that obesity is inherent in women with breast, uterine, ovarian and colorectal cancer; for men with prostate cancer and with colorectal cancer. According to the criterion of χ², the effect of obesity on the incidence of breast cancer in women (x2=8.46; p<0.05), and prostate cancer (x2=7.02; p<0.05) and colorectal cancer (x2=7.94; p<0.05) in men was proven. OR revealed an increased risk of breast cancer in women [OR=2.06; 95% CI (1.28-3.29); p<0.05], and prostate cancer [OR=2.94; 95% CI (1.37-6.32); p<0.05] and colorectal cancer [OR=2.87; 95% CI (1.42-5.82); p<0.05] in men associated with obesity. Thus, among patients with T2D, obesity increases the risk of breast cancer in women, prostate cancer and colorectal cancer in men. The mechanisms of association of obesity and cancer in patients with T2D are hyperglycemia, hyperinsu­li­nemia, cytokine imbalance, hyperestrogenism (in estrogen-dependent cancer), and intestinal dysbiosis (in colorectal cancer).

CYCLIN-DEPENDENT KINASES CDK8 / 19 AND THEIR INFLUENCE ON THE ORIGIN AND DEVELOPMENT OF TUMOR PROCESSES

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Дарья Андреевна Денисова
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Acute Myeloid Leukemia ◽  
Myeloid Leukemia ◽  
Cancer Colorectal ◽  
Cyclin Dependent Kinase ◽  
Cyclin Dependent Kinases ◽  
Oncological Diseases ◽  
Acute Myeloid

Циклин-зависимая киназа CDK8 и её паралог, CDK19, являются ферментами, задействованными в развитии таких онкологических заболеваний, как рак молочной железы, колоректальный рак, рак простаты, острый миелоидный лейкоз и другие. The cyclin-dependent kinase CDK8 and its paralogue, CDK19, are enzymes involved in the development of oncological diseases such as breast cancer, colorectal cancer, prostate cancer, acute myeloid leukemia and others.

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