scholarly journals Protein intake and blood pressure in cardiovascular disease

2003 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 495-504 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Elliott
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Protein Intake ◽  
Animal Studies ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Direct Relationship ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Dietary Factors ◽  
Western Countries

Raised blood pressure (BP) is a major cause of CHD and the leading cause of stroke. Although BP rises with age in most populations, there are remote populations around the world where BP does not rise with age and where the high prevalence of high BP and frank hypertension seen in the UK and other Western countries in the older age-groups is not found. However, when such populations migrate to urban settings, their BPs rise, indicating that the population-wide BP problem is largely environmental in origin. Thus, a substantial body of evidence has accumulated on the importance of dietary factors in BP (Na and alcohol intakes (direct relationship) and K intake (inverse relationship)) as well as body weight (direct relationship). More recently, attention has shifted to other dietary factors that might affect BP. Data from studies of vegetarians (who tend to have lower BP than meat-eating populations) as well as clinical data on the adverse effects of protein intake in patients with renal insufficiency led to the view in Western countries that dietary (animal or total) protein had an adverse effect on BP. By contrast, studies in Japan and China suggested that dietary protein might be protective of high BP and stroke. Recent epidemiological studies have found inverse associations between dietary protein intake and BP, consistent with this view, and supported by some evidence from animal studies. Recent controlled clinical trials of soyabean supplementation have also suggested a BP-lowering effect of protein intake. Results of further large-scale epidemiological studies of protein and BP are awaited.

scholarly journals The relationship between dietary protein intake and blood pressure: results from the PREMIER study

2008 ◽  
Vol 22 (11) ◽  
pp. 745-754 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y F Wang ◽  
WS Yancy Jr ◽  
D Yu ◽  
C Champagne ◽  
L J Appel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Protein Intake ◽  
Dietary Protein Intake ◽  
The Relationship

scholarly journals Genetic Susceptibility, Dietary Protein Intake, and Changes of Blood Pressure

Hypertension ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 74 (6) ◽  
pp. 1460-1467 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dianjianyi Sun ◽  
Tao Zhou ◽  
Xiang Li ◽  
Yoriko Heianza ◽  
Zhaoxia Liang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Genetic Susceptibility ◽  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Protein Intake ◽  
Dietary Protein Intake

scholarly journals Protein intake and lumbar bone density: the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA)

2014 ◽  
Vol 112 (8) ◽  
pp. 1384-1392 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tian Hu ◽  
Nahid J. Rianon ◽  
Jennifer A. Nettleton ◽  
Joseph A. Hyder ◽  
Jiang He ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lumbar Spine ◽  
Bone Health ◽  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Protein Intake ◽  
Vegetable Protein ◽  
White Women ◽  
Dietary Factors ◽  
Ethnic Study ◽  
Race Ethnicity ◽  
The Relationship

Dietary protein has been shown to increase urinary Ca excretion in randomised controlled trials, and diets high in protein may have detrimental effects on bone health; however, studies examining the relationship between dietary protein and bone health have conflicting results. In the present study, we examined the relationship between dietary protein (total, animal and vegetable protein) and lumbar spine trabecular volumetric bone mineral density (vBMD) among participants enrolled in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (n 1658). Protein intake was assessed using a FFQ obtained at baseline examination (2000–2). Lumbar spine vBMD was measured using quantitative computed tomography (2002–5), on average 3 years later. Multivariable linear and robust regression techniques were used to examine the associations between dietary protein and vBMD. Sex and race/ethnicity jointly modified the association of dietary protein with vBMD (P for interaction = 0·03). Among white women, higher vegetable protein intake was associated with higher vBMD (P for trend = 0·03), after adjustment for age, BMI, physical activity, alcohol consumption, current smoking, educational level, hormone therapy use, menopause and additional dietary factors. There were no consistently significant associations for total and animal protein intakes among white women or other sex and racial/ethnic groups. In conclusion, data from the present large, multi-ethnic, population-based study suggest that a higher level of protein intake, when substituted for fat, is not associated with poor bone health. Differences in the relationship between protein source and race/ethnicity of study populations may in part explain the inconsistent findings reported previously.

scholarly journals Effects of protein intake on blood pressure, insulin sensitivity and blood lipids in children: a systematic review

2015 ◽  
Vol 113 (3) ◽  
pp. 383-402 ◽  
Author(s):  
Trudy Voortman ◽  
Anna Vitezova ◽  
Wichor M. Bramer ◽  
Charlotte L. Ars ◽  
Paula K. Bautista ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Protein Intake ◽  
Blood Lipids ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Inverse Association ◽  
Dietary Protein Intake ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Beneficial Effects

High protein intake in early childhood is associated with obesity, suggesting possible adverse effects on other cardiometabolic outcomes. However, studies in adults have suggested beneficial effects of protein intake on blood pressure (BP) and lipid profile. Whether dietary protein intake is associated with cardiovascular and metabolic health in children is unclear. Therefore, we aimed to systematically review the evidence on the associations of protein intake with BP, insulin sensitivity and blood lipids in children. We searched the databases Medline, Embase, Cochrane Central and PubMed for interventional and observational studies in healthy children up to the age of 18 years, in which associations of total, animal and/or vegetable protein intake with one or more of the following outcomes were reported: BP; measures of insulin sensitivity; cholesterol levels; or TAG levels. In the search, we identified 6636 abstracts, of which fifty-six studies met all selection criteria. In general, the quality of the included studies was low. Most studies were cross-sectional, and many did not control for potential confounders. No overall associations were observed between protein intake and insulin sensitivity or blood lipids. A few studies suggested an inverse association between dietary protein intake and BP, but evidence was inconclusive. Only four studies examined the effects of vegetable or animal protein intake, but with inconsistent results. In conclusion, the literature, to date provides insufficient evidence for effects of protein intake on BP, insulin sensitivity or blood lipids in children. Future studies could be improved by adequately adjusting for key confounders such as energy intake and obesity.

scholarly journals Analysis of Human Faecal Host Proteins: Responsiveness to 10-Week Dietary Intervention Modifying Dietary Protein Intake in Elderly Males

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica L. Gathercole ◽  
Anita J. Grosvenor ◽  
Erin Lee ◽  
Ancy Thomas ◽  
Cameron J. Mitchell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Protein Intake ◽  
Dietary Intervention ◽  
Homo Sapiens ◽  
Dietary Factors ◽  
Small Subset ◽  
Host Proteins ◽  
Minimal Impact ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Protein Classes

Faecal proteomics targeting biomarkers of immunity and inflammation have demonstrated clinical application for the identification of changes in gastrointestinal function. However, there are limited comprehensive analyses of the host faecal proteome and how it may be influenced by dietary factors. To examine this, the Homo sapiens post-diet proteome of older males was analysed at the completion of a 10-week dietary intervention, either meeting the minimum dietary protein recommendations (RDA; n = 9) or twice the recommended dietary allowance (2RDA, n = 10). The host faecal proteome differed markedly between individuals, with only a small subset of proteins present in ≥ 60% of subjects (14 and 44 proteins, RDA and 2RDA, respectively, with only 7 common to both groups). No differences were observed between the diet groups on the profiles of host faecal proteins. Faecal proteins were detected from a wide range of protein classes, with high inter-individual variation and absence of obvious impact in response to diets with markedly different protein intake. This suggests that well-matched whole food diets with two-fold variation in protein intake maintained for 10 weeks have minimal impact on human faecal host proteins.

scholarly journals Considering Median Dietary Protein Intake Per Kg Body Weight of Representative Non-frail Elderlies in Establishing Protein Recommendation for Community-dwelling Elders? (P01-008-19)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wen-Harn Pan ◽  
Szu-Yun Wu ◽  
Naihua Yeh
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Protein Intake ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Acid Oxidation ◽  
Adequate Intake ◽  
Protein Requirement ◽  
And Performance

Abstract Objectives Indicator of Amino Acid Oxidation (IAAO) method is a state-of-art method to determine protein requirement. A recent review summarized the estimated average requirement (EAR) derived from IAAO plus two standard deviations as around 1.15–1.29 g/Kg body weight (BW) for elderlies. However, emerging evidence shows that providing protein beyond nitrogen balance point (as high as 1.5 g/Kg BW) to frail or pre-frail elderlies seems to provide additional benefit on muscle mass and performance, compared to 1.2 g/Kg BW. It is not clear whether community-dwelling elders require higher than 1.2–1.3 g/Kg BW to maintain adequate muscle mass and quality. This study intends to derive dietary protein Adequate Intake (AI) from a group of representative community-dwelling non-frail elderlies in Taiwan. Methods Using the 24-hour recall data of 1430 elderly adults (65y) from the Nutrition and Health Survey in Taiwan, 2014–2016, protein intake by age groups (65–69; 70–79; 80+) and by frailty levels (robust; pre-frail; frail) in both genders was estimated. Frailty phenotypes were determined using Linda Fried criteria. SUDAAN was used for statistical analysis. Results Mean levels of protein intake were 1.2, 1.4, and 1.3 g per Kg body weight (BW) per day (d) for men aged 65–69, 70–79, and 80+; and 1.2, 1.3, and 0.9 g/Kg BW/d for women at the same age groups. The mean protein intakes were 1.4, 1.3, and 1.2 g/kg BW/d for elderly men at robust, pre-frail, and frail states, respectively; and they were 1.3, 1.2, and 1.0 for women. The median were 1.3, 1.2, and 1.1 for men and 1.3, 1.1, and 1.1 for women. Conclusions Adequate intake of the community-dwelling elderly Taiwanese men and women is estimated around 1.3 g/Kg BW/d, taking into consideration the frailty issue. This information may be considered complementary to IAAO data in establishing protein requirement. Funding Sources Health Promotion Agency; International Life Science Institutes; Academia Sinica.

scholarly journals Selected socio-economic aspects of the risk of hypertension

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 155-162
Author(s):  
D. P. Tsygankova ◽  
N. V. Fedorova
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Pathological Condition ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Convincing Evidence ◽  
The Body ◽  
Rapid Urbanization ◽  
Prevention And Treatment

Hypertension (HTN) is one of the most common diseases and a risk factor leading to disabling and fatal complications. Large-scale epidemiological studies in all countries convincingly prove the need for early prevention and treatment of this pathological condition. In conditions of rapid urbanization, it is necessary to look for individual measures for the prevention and treatment. In addition to the main risk factors for HTN, such as low physical activity and increased body weight, smoking, alcohol abuse, as well as sex and age, there is convincing evidence that the level of education, economic status, professional affiliation, living conditions are also potential predictors of HTN. The review presents an analysis of the main socio-economic risk factors for HTN and the mechanisms of their influence on blood pressure. The article discusses each factor, its impact on blood pressure and the body as a whole, as well as approaches for the identification of these factors.

Abstract P089: Total, Plant and Animal Protein Intake and Blood Pressure: A Meta-analysis of Observational and Intervention Studies

Circulation ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 127 (suppl_12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Susanne M Tielemans ◽  
Wieke Altorf - van der Kuil ◽  
Mariëlle F Engberink ◽  
Elizabeth J Brink ◽  
Marleen A van Baak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Prospective Studies ◽  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Protein Intake ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Animal Protein ◽  
Plant Protein ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Cross Sectional Studies

Background: Dietary protein may beneficially influence blood pressure (BP), but evidence is not conclusive. Objective: To quantify the association of total protein, plant protein, and animal protein intake with BP and incident hypertension by means of meta-analysis. Methods: A systematic literature search for eligible studies was conducted until January 2012, using MEDLINE and manual search. Of >3,000 titles evaluated, 29 met the inclusion criteria. Dose-response meta-analyses were performed using STATA 11.0. We included 8 cross-sectional studies (total of 48,985 participants), 4 prospective studies (11,761 participants), and 17 randomized controlled trials (1,449 subjects). Results: Total protein intake was significantly inversely associated with systolic BP ([[Unable to Display Character: &#8209;]]0.20 mmHg per SD, 95%-CI: [[Unable to Display Character: &#8209;]]0.39 to [[Unable to Display Character: &#8209;]]0.01) in cross-sectional studies, but no relation was found with incident hypertension in prospective studies (HR of 0.99 per SD, 95%-CI: 0.96 to 1.02). Trials showed an overall reduction of [[Unable to Display Character: &#8209;]]2.1 mmHg in systolic BP (95%-CI:[[Unable to Display Character: &#8209;]]2.9 to [[Unable to Display Character: &#8209;]]1.4) for a weighed difference in protein intake of 41 g/d, compared to carbohydrates. Plant protein, but not animal protein, was weakly inversely associated with BP in cross-sectional studies. Plant protein and animal protein showed similar associations in prospective studies (non-significant HR of 0.96 and 0.98 per SD, respectively) and randomized trials (-2.0 vs -2.2 mmHg, P<0.05, respectively). Conclusion: Dietary protein may have a beneficial effect on BP if consumed instead of carbohydrates. No clear difference was observed between plant and animal protein, but data on protein from different sources and BP is scarce and more research is needed to draw conclusions.

scholarly journals Dietary protein intake and risk of ovarian cancer: evidence from a meta-analysis of observational studies

2018 ◽  
Vol 38 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanyang Pang ◽  
Wu Wang
Keyword(s):  
Ovarian Cancer ◽  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Publication Bias ◽  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Protein Intake ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Vegetable Intake ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Ovarian Cancer Risk ◽  
Dietary Protein Intake

The association between dietary protein intake and ovarian cancer had been inconsistent in the previous epidemiological studies. The aim of the present study was to identify and synthesize all citations evaluating the relationship on ovarian cancer with protein intake. The search included PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science from inception to June 2018. Two authors independently selected studies, extracted data, and assessed risk of bias. Relative risk (RR) and 95% confidence interval (95%CI) were calculated for relationship between the dietary protein intake and ovarian cancer risk using a random-effects model. Publication bias was evaluated using Egger’s test and Begg’s funnel plots. At the end, ten citations with 2354 patients were included in meta-analysis. Summarized RR with 95%CI on ovarian cancer was 0.915 (95%CI = 0.821–1.021), with no between-study heterogeneity (I2 = 0.0%, P=0.708). The results were consistent both in animal protein intake and in vegetable intake on ovarian cancer. Subgroup analysis by study design did not find positive association either in cohort studies or in case–control studies. Egger’s test (P=0.230) and Funnel plot suggested no publication bias. Based on the obtained results, we conclude that high dietary protein intake had no significant association on ovarian cancer risk. Besides that, it is necessary to develop high quality, large-scale studies with detailed amount of dietary protein intake for verifying our results.

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