Alcoholism: Development of the Diagnostic Concept

1994 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 205-211 ◽  
Author(s):  
Doug Sellman
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Dependence ◽  
Classification Systems ◽  
Withdrawal Symptoms ◽  
Clinical Implications ◽  
International Consensus ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
The Past ◽  
Icd 10 ◽  
Alcohol Dependence Syndrome ◽  
Key Aspects

This paper traces the diagnostic concepts of alcoholism featured in the major classification systems over the past 40 years. The description of alcoholism as a diagnostic concept has undergone considerable transformation over this time, but an international consensus now exists in the DSM-IIIR [2] criteria and ICD-10 [3]. Alcoholism is equated with alcohol dependence, and both definitions draw largely on the description of the alcohol dependence syndrome by Edwards and Gross [4]. Although the presence of withdrawal symptoms and relief use (key aspects of so-called physical addiction) is part of both systems, they are not necessary to make the diagnosis in either. Future directions and clinical implications of these developments are discussed.

scholarly journals Spouse Burden in Patients with Alcohol Dependence Syndrome

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 27-33
Author(s):  
Sanjeev Chandra Gautam ◽  
Yash Bhattarai
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Dependence ◽  
Primary Alcohol ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Physical And Mental Health ◽  
Physical Strain ◽  
Alcohol Abusers ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Icd 10 ◽  
Alcohol Dependence Syndrome ◽  
The Cost

Use of alcohol has been one of the major source of recreation and stress relievers to date and it is one of the most abused substances in the world due to its free availability. The cost that a spouses incur in terms of economic hardships, social isolation and physical strain can be referred to as Spouse Burden. Spouses play an important role inpatient’s support and treatment and with a study like this there might be a better understanding of the problem. A descriptive, cross-Sectional hospital based study was done in 62 patients who met the diagnostic criteria for Alcohol Dependence Syndrome (ICD-10 DCR) and consents were taken from required personnel. Most of the patients examined were in the age group 40 to 60 years of age (72.6%) followed by the age group up to 40 (22.6%). 72.5% of the spouses were up to 40 years of age, followed by spouses of the age group 40-60 (27.5%).Males were the primary alcohol abusers(87%).51.6% of the patients were unemployed and the rest 48.4% was still employed whereas 51.6%of the spouses were employed and the rest48.4% unemployed. 51.6% of the patients were illiterate whereas majority of the spouses were literate(67.7%). There is a significant severity of burden of alcohol dependence syndrome in spouses and these verity of dependence is positively correlated with spouse burden. Financial, spouse routine, spouse interaction, physical and mental health of other members of the family were significantly affected with increase in dependence.

Coping Strategies and Perceived Social Support in Wives of Persons with Alcohol Dependence Syndrome

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 28
Author(s):  
Indrajeet Banerjee ◽  
Debasree Bora ◽  
Sonia P Deuri
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Alcohol Dependence ◽  
Coping Strategies ◽  
Perceived Social Support ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Stressful Situation ◽  
Sample Collection ◽  
Icd 10 ◽  
Alcohol Dependence Syndrome ◽  
Coping Scale

Background: In India alcohol is the most commonly used substance of abuse. The effect of alcoholism in husbandsmostly leads to disturbances in marital life.These effects may directly or indirectly drain out caregivers of substanceabusers. One of the most affected among caregivers is the marital partners. In other words it is the wives of substanceabusing husband who are the victims. Coping mechanisms are used by the wives to handle the stressful situation hasa vital role in reducing psychological difficulties. In case of wives with alcohol dependent husbands, the socialsupport is a buffer for crisis periods. Aim of the study: The study is aimed to enquire the coping strategies andperceived social support of the wives of persons with alcohol dependence syndrome. Material and methods: A total30 wives of persons with alcohol dependence syndrome according to ICD-10 were taken as the sample usingpurposive sample collection. Socio-demographic profile was assessed through semi-structured questionnaire whilecoping strategies was assessed through Ways of Coping Scale (1986) and the Multidimensional Scale of PerceivedSocial Support (1988) was applied to assess the perceived social support after taking their informed consent. Dataanalysis was done using SPSS for descriptive statistics. Results: The result shows that varied types of coping strategieswere used by wives of persons with alcohol dependence. In contrast the previous studies suggest use of emotionalfocused or escape avoidance coping. This study suggests that adaptive copings such as positive reappraisal, seekingsocial support and problem solving were used in comparison to escape avoidance. In contrast to previous studiesperceived social support was found to be high in this study group. Conclusion: It is well known fact that copingstrategies plays a major role in dealing with stressful life situations and perceived social support also have positiveimpact over health. Finding from this study suggests that any psychosocial intervention designed for this group mustconsider these facts and findings. Eventually these findings from the study can be used to help in enhancing thewellbeing of wives of alcohol dependents.Keywords: Alcohol dependence, coping strategies, perceived social support

The DSM-III in Canada: A Survey

1983 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 182-187 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.W. Junek
Keyword(s):  
Classification Systems ◽  
Psychiatric Training ◽  
Medical Council ◽  
Statistical Manual ◽  
Diagnostic And Statistical Manual ◽  
The Past ◽  
System A ◽  
First Choice ◽  
Icd 10 ◽  
Statistics Canada

A survey of the membership of the Canadian Psychiatric Association (CPA) was completed for the Scientific Council to discover, first, the reaction of the members to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual, Third Edition (DSM-III) and second, the support given to the CPA Policy of not endorsing a particular classification system. A total of 26.3% responded. It was noted that 66.6% had studied the DSM-III in detail. Whereas the ICD-9 and DSM-II were the most used systems in the past (28.5% and 25.9% respectively), first choice systems for the future were DSM-III, 42.0% and ICD-9, 16.3%. Furthermore, the DSM-III was recommended to be used as the sole system to various associations, (Statistics Canada, Royal College, Medical Council of Canada and Postgraduate Programs) 45.9% to 51.4%, depending on which association (vs. 8.7% to 13.4% for the ICD-9). Of those responding to the question, 70.8% had a favourable impression of the DSM-III and a similar percentage wanted an ICD-10 which would incorporate features of the DSM-III. A survey of directors of postgraduate psychiatric training programs gave similar results. A total of 54.8% of the members supported changing the CPA “non-endorsement” policy. As well, 39.7% voted to maintain the policy and 5.5% did not respond. The survey provides information for the CPA in its consideration of policy about the use of classification systems. Should the policy be changed, and one system endorsed, the DSM-III receives the most support.

scholarly journals Circular RNAs in osteoarthritis: indispensable regulators and novel strategies in clinical implications

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenchao Zhang ◽  
Lin Qi ◽  
Ruiqi Chen ◽  
Jieyu He ◽  
Zhongyue Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hot Spot ◽  
Circular Rnas ◽  
Clinical Implications ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
The Past ◽  
Prevalent Disease ◽  
Post Traumatic ◽  
Socioeconomic Burden ◽  
Insight Into

AbstractOver the past decades, circular RNAs (circRNAs) have emerged as a hot spot and sparked intensive interest. Initially considered as the transcriptional noises, further studies have indicated that circRNAs are crucial regulators in multiple cellular biological processes, and thus engage in the development and progression of many diseases including osteoarthritis (OA). OA is a prevalent disease that mainly affects those aging, obese and post-traumatic population, posing as a major source of socioeconomic burden. Recently, numerous circRNAs have been found aberrantly expressed in OA tissues compared with counterparts. More importantly, circRNAs have been demonstrated to interplay with components in OA microenvironments, such as chondrocytes, synoviocytes and macrophages, by regulation of their proliferation, apoptosis, autophagy, inflammation, or extracellular matrix reorganization. Herein, in this review, we extensively summarize the roles of circRNAs in OA microenvironment, progression, and putative treatment, as well as envision the future directions for circRNAs research in OA, with the aim to provide a novel insight into this field.

scholarly journals TO STUDY THE USE OF DISULFIRAM IN ALCOHOL DEPENDENCE SYNDROME (ICD 10/DSM IV CRITERIA) AT SECONDARY CARE SETTING

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anita Thakur ◽  
Shallu Dhiman ◽  
Jyoti Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Dependence ◽  
Secondary Care ◽  
Care Setting ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Regular Treatment ◽  
Icd 10 ◽  
Alcohol Dependence Syndrome ◽  
Secondary Care Setting ◽  
Dsm Iv ◽  
One Year

Background: Disulfiram blocks the enzyme aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH). If alcohol is present, acetaldehyde accumulates usually resulting in an unpleasant reaction, the disulfiram-ethanol reaction (DER), consisting primarily of tachycardia, flushing, nausea, and vomiting. Methods: A consecutive sampling method was used (meeting inclusion criteria and willing to participate in  study) twelve -month follow-up study was conducted in which 75 patients visiting Outpatient department in secondary care setting  with diagnosis Alcohol dependence Syndrome (ICD 10/DSM IV criteria) received 250 mg disulfiram after consent from both patient and caregiver. Results: Out of 75 patients 13(17.4%) patients completed one year of supervised disulfiram treatment and remained abstinent. Out of 62 remained abstinent, 22(29.4%) of remained abstinent and on regular treatment for 6 months. 19 (25.4%) patients relapsed after 3 months of treatment. 17  (22.4%)patients relapsed within  2 week to 2 months of treatment. Unwanted effects due to disulfiram and no response at 500 mg  in one patient led to stopping of treatment in 4(5.4%) patients. Conclusion: The study concludes with the role of disulfiram in the present day and long-term pharmacotherapy of alcohol dependence along with future research needs in this area. Keywords: Disulfiram; Alcohol Dependence; Alcohol; Deterrent; Pharmacotherapy.

scholarly journals Co-morbidity in women with alcohol dependence syndrome (ADS) in Eastern Nepal

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-21
Author(s):  
R.G. Joshi ◽  
D.R. Shakya ◽  
P.M. Shyangwa ◽  
B. Pradhan
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Alcohol Dependence ◽  
Mood Disorders ◽  
Psychiatric Comorbidity ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Co Morbidity ◽  
Icd 10 ◽  
Alcohol Dependence Syndrome

Introduction: Women with ADS may have psychiatric comorbidites along with physical comorbidities. Societal attitudes towards women and alcohol are barriers to the detection and treatment of their alcohol related problems.Objective: To explore the magnitude of co-morbidity among women with ADS in Eastern Nepal.Method: This is a hospital based cross-sectional study of women with ADS. Those who scored two or more than two in T-ACE questionnaire were enrolled. The diagnosis was made according to ICD-10 criteria. Consultation with concerned physician was done to assess physical condition.Result: Fifty one patients with ADS were enrolled. Among them, 21.6% had no comorbidity, 52.9% had single co-morbidity (psychiatric or physical) and 25.5% had both psychiatric and physical co-morbidity. In psychiatric comorbidity, mood disorder in 35.29% was the commonest followed by nicotine use in 26.47%. Among mood disorders 83.3% had depression. In physical comorbidity, disease of gastrointestinal tract and hepatobiliary system in 50.9% was the commonest followed by hypertension in 11.5%.Conclusion: : Psychiatric as well as physical co-morbidities are common in women with ADS. The finding points to the importance of exploring comorbidities and their optimal treatment.

scholarly journals Perspectives and future directions for epigenetics in hematology

Blood ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 121 (26) ◽  
pp. 5131-5137 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margaret A. Goodell ◽  
Lucy A. Godley
Keyword(s):  
Hematologic Malignancies ◽  
Mechanisms Of Action ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Clinical Implications ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
The Past ◽  
Pleiotropic Action ◽  
Epigenetic Regulators ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms

AbstractGenetic analysis of hematologic malignancies over the past 5 years has revealed abundant mutations in epigenetic regulators in all classes of disorders. Here, we summarize the observations made within our review series on the role of epigenetics in hematology. We highlight the clinical implications of mutations in epigenetic regulators and outline what we envision are some of the major areas that merit future research. Recent findings may have immediate prognostic value, but also offer new targets for drug development. However, the pleiotropic action of these regulators indicates caution is warranted and argues for investment in understanding of their underlying mechanisms of action as we proceed to exploit these findings for the benefit of patients.

scholarly journals A cross sectional study of socio demographic profile and psychiatric co morbidity in patients of alcohol dependence syndrome

2019 ◽  
pp. 48-51
Author(s):  
Challuri Prashanth ◽  
B. Sowmya Grace
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Dependence ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Integrated Treatment ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Demographic Profile ◽  
Comprehensive Management ◽  
Co Morbidity ◽  
Icd 10 ◽  
Alcohol Dependence Syndrome

Background :Alcohol is a ordinary commodity, used since time immemorial. Psychiatric co morbidities have a high prevalence among patients of alcohol dependence and often pose challenges in their diagnosis and treatment and are found to be a major contributor to relapses. They raise a challenging question of how to provide the best integrated treatment to address both. Aim : To study the socio demographic profile and psychiatric co morbidity in patients of alcohol dependence syndrome. Objectives: 1. To study the socio demographic profile of alcohol dependence patients 2. To determine the prevalence and type of psychiatric co-morbidity in alcohol dependent patients. Methodology : A consecutive sample of 100 Alcohol Dependence Syndrome patients attending outpatient were selected. A questionnaire was administered to collect sample and alcohol dependence characteristics. psychiatric co-morbidity evaluation was done using Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI Plus) and the diagnosis was confirmed by using ICD-10. Results : Majority of the subjects were young adults with a mean age of 42 years, were illiterates, married, employed, belonged to rural background and from lower socio-economic status. psychiatric co-morbidities were present in 33% of population. More of affective spectrum (18%) as compared with lesser numbers of patients in the anxiety (11%) or psychotic spectrum (4%). psychiatric co-morbidity is significantly greater in those who are unemployed. Conclusions: The psychiatric co-morbidity was present in 33% of the population studied. More of affective spectrum, followed by anxiety spectrum and less number of them in psychotic spectrum. All psychiatric co-morbidities may need to be identified for patients diagnosed as alcohol dependence who present with longer duration of drinking and unemployed for effective and comprehensive management.

scholarly journals Effectiveness of Mindfulness Based Body Scan Meditation: A Case Study of Alcohol Dependence Patient

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shobha Yadav
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Dependence ◽  
Stress Reduction ◽  
Withdrawal Symptoms ◽  
Body Scan ◽  
Central Institute ◽  
Icd 10 ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Mindfulness Based Stress Reduction

The present study examines the effectiveness of body scan meditation of mindfulness based stress reduction on craving in patient with alcohol dependence. An inpatient of 36year old with diagnosis of alcohol dependence disorder as per ICD-10 DCR criterion was selected purposively, from Central Institute of Psychiatry, Ranchi. Following detoxification subject was evaluated for withdrawal symptoms, severity of alcohol dependence and craving. The subject was purposefully assigned for receiving body scan meditation, underwent 45 minutes guided meditation and 15 minutes discussion for one week. Patient showed significant reduction in craving after one week body scan meditation. Findings of current study shows that there is significant reduction in craving after one week of body scan meditation in alcohol dependence patient.

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