Scientific studies in the public schools and endowed grammar schools in the 19th century: the evidence of the Royal Commissions

1971 ◽  
Vol 23 (55) ◽  
pp. 97-105
Author(s):  
Gordon W. Roderick ◽  
Michael D. Stephens
Keyword(s):  
Public Schools ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
The Public ◽  
The 19Th Century

“The Best Thinking of the Best Heathen”: Humane Learning and the Missionary Movement

1981 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
pp. 341-354
Author(s):  
A. F. Walls
Keyword(s):  
Public Schools ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
International Student ◽  
Formal Education ◽  
Early 19Th Century ◽  
The Public ◽  
Student Community ◽  
Educational Attainments ◽  
Missionary Movement ◽  
The 19Th Century

It is now a common-place that the typical early 19th century missionary—visualized by David Livingstone as ‘a dumpy sort of man with a Bible under his arm’—was a fairly homespun character, from the forge or the shop (if he were English), or from the croft, the farm or the factory (if he were Scots). His formal education was not high, and, if an Anglican his social and educational attainments were not such as would have brought him ordination to the home ministry. It is almost equally accepted that by the end of the 19th century the situation had changed; not only were the numbers of missionaries immensely swollen; but the universities and the public schools could now supply a quota, for Africa as well as for the lands of the ancient Eastern civilizations. The evangelization of the world in one generation was to be accomplished essentially by the international student community. The typical missionary was now a conventionally educated man, and if that did not imply conspicuous intellectual attainment, nor did entrance to the home ministry.

Pinocchio e l’evoluzione

Revue Romane ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 282-293
Author(s):  
Margareth Hagen
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Fairy Tales ◽  
Public Debate ◽  
The Novel ◽  
The Public ◽  
Continuous Evolution ◽  
Narrative Interpretation ◽  
Theories Of Evolution ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Pedagogical Literature

The first chapters of Carlo Collodi’s Pinocchio were printed in 1881, the same year as the publication of the novel I Malavoglia, Giovanni Verga’s masterpiece of verismo. While every critical reader of Verga’s realism has pointed out his particular narrative interpretation of evolution, Collodi’s has novel very seldom been connected to the theories of evolution, even if Darwin’s ideas were highly present in the public debate in Florence during the last decades of the 19th century. The reasons for this silence are primarily to be found in the genre of Pinocchio, in the fact that it is children literature, and therefore primarily related to the narrative mechanisms of the fairy tales and pedagogical literature. Focusing on Pinocchio, the article discusses to which degree Darwinism can be traced in Collodi’s literature for children, and questions if the continuous metamorphoses of Pinocchio can be read also in connection with the naturalist conception of the literary characters as unstable, in continuous evolution, and not only as part of the mechanisms of fairy tales and mythological narratives.

scholarly journals Problems of protection and restoration of historical monuments of L’viv built using Roman cement

2013 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 177-188
Author(s):  
Mykola Bevz
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
The Public ◽  
Historical Monuments ◽  
Preservation And Restoration ◽  
The 19Th Century

In article are shown examples allow confirming that Roman cement was widely used in Lviv in the second part of the 19th century while erecting the public and residential buildings. The creating and develop a program on research, preservation and restoration of historical and architectural monuments, on which the architectural and ornamental finishing of facades was carried out with application of Roman cement is proposed.

The Public and Economic Activities of the Hִatim Family of Istanbul: A Chapter in the History of the Jewish Leadership in Istanbul and Jerusalem in the 19th Century

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-127
Author(s):  
Leah Bornstein-Makovetsky
Keyword(s):  
Ottoman Empire ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
The Public ◽  
Economic Elite ◽  
Late 18Th Century ◽  
History Of ◽  
The 19Th Century

This article discusses the biographies and economic and public activities of the Ḥatim family in Istanbul in the late 18th century and throughout the 19th century. Most of the attention is focused on R. Shlomo Ḥatim and his son Yitsḥak, who were members of the Jewish elite in Istanbul and settled in Jerusalem at the ends of their lives. R. Shlomo, who is said to have served the Ottoman authorities in Istanbul, settled in Jerusalem more than ten years before the leaders of the Jewish economic elite in Istanbul were executed in the 1820s. His son, surviving this purge, followed much later, immigrating to Israel in 1846, but died immediately thereafter. This article provides insights into the business activities of the Ḥatim family, as well as the activities of Yitsḥak Ḥatim as an Ottoman official in Istanbul. I also discuss two more generations of this family, considered an elite, privileged one, and that was highly esteemed among well-known rabbis in the Ottoman Empire. I also discuss the ties that developed between the communities of Istanbul and Jerusalem in the first half of the 19th century as a result of initiatives of officials in Istanbul and of immigration from Istanbul to Jerusalem.

scholarly journals EDITOR'S INTRODUCTION

2009 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. vii-xii ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernard Spolsky
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Public Schools ◽  
No Child Left Behind ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Civil Service ◽  
Highly Qualified ◽  
Examination System ◽  
Similar System ◽  
Set Up ◽  
The 19Th Century

From the beginning, public tests and examinations were instruments of policy. The Imperial Chinese examination was created to permit the emperor to replace the patronage system by which powerful lords were choosing their own candidates to be mandarins. The Jesuit schools in 17th-century France introduced a weekly testing system to allow central control of classroom teaching. In 19th-century England, Thomas Macaulay argued for employing the Chinese principle in selecting cadets for the Indian Civil Service; a similar system was later used for the British Civil Service. A primary school examination system was set up in England at the end of the 19th century to serve the same purpose of achieving quality control and accountability in public schools as was proposed for the No Child Left Behind Act (NCLB) that is being bitterly disputed in 21st-century United States. Chauncey's primary goal after World War II in developing the Scholastic Achievement Test for admission to elite U.S. universities was to replace the children of the wealthy establishment with highly qualified students who would see their role as contributing to public service.

scholarly journals Integrating the cosmopolitan and the local – The curricular construction of citizens in Luxembourg in the long 19th century

2015 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
pp. 165-182
Author(s):  
Catherina Schreiber
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Education System ◽  
Social Differentiation ◽  
Regional Differentiation ◽  
Nation State ◽  
The Public ◽  
School Based ◽  
Nation States ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The 19Th Century

During the 19th century new forms of government emerged, understanding themselves explicitly as nation-states. The new definition of the state had to include its members by defining them as citizens, a definition which included both equalizing and differentiating aspects. The education system fulfilled a key role in educating these future citizens. While the principal setting was not a national, I intend to show how this national logic shaped constructions of various types of nation-state citizens made through the public school based on empirical evidence from the Luxembourgian curriculum. In an exemplifying way, the motivation behind the respective changes and continuities will be uncovered concerning social differentiation in secondary education and a strong regional differentiation in the homebound lower branches of education.http://dx.doi.org/10.15572/ENCO2015.11

The role of Seminary in the Tambov Governorate social life (1867-1884s)

Neophilology ◽  
2019 ◽  
pp. 214-220
Author(s):  
Theodosius (Vasnev)
Keyword(s):  
Moral Education ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Special Importance ◽  
Education Practice ◽  
The Public ◽  
Current State ◽  
The Social ◽  
The 19Th Century

The Seminary influence on the governorate social life development was an integral part of social processes in the period of 1867-1884, which formed the prototype of the modern education practice. Identification of the Seminary role in the Tambov Governorate social life of the 19th century is a research component of this study, which affects the knowledge of the spiritual and moral education of society current state. Manuscript drafting source was the archival data of Tambov eparchy clergy activities of the late 19th century, the periodical press data of the same period. We interpret the obtained sources in the logic of the general civilized approach to the study of Seminary as an institution of social life characterized by regional aspects. Studies of the role of Seminary in social life have shown the sequence of its formation and development, its further socialization in the social life of the governorate. Special importance is attached to the Tambov Seminary in the years of transformations. Spiritual and moral influence of the Seminary on contemporaries, its increasingly active participation in the public life of the city, the change of its moral appearance contributed to the increase in the authority (role) of the Seminary in the social life of the Tambov Governorate.

A terra dos mortos na cidade do Rio Negro: Mudanças nas práticas funerárias na cidade de Manaus e a construção do Cemitério de São José (1848-1859)

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (6) ◽  
pp. 131
Author(s):  
Fábio Augusto Carvalho Pedrosa
Keyword(s):  
Public Space ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
The Public ◽  
Rio Negro ◽  
Medical Discourses ◽  
Funeral Practices ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
The City

Até determinado período do oitocentos, vivos e mortos conviviam no mesmo espaço, mantendo relações bastante diretas. Essa relação estava a séculos arraigada no cotidiano. Os discursos higienistas e as práticas de normatização do espaço público, com a construção de cemitérios públicos e a proibição do contato tradicional com os cadáveres, distanciaram cada vez mais esses dois. Dessa forma, pretende-se analisar como se deram as mudanças nas práticas funerárias na cidade de Manaus na segunda metade do século XIX, partindo das primeiras discussões presentes no Código de Posturas Municipais de 1848. Nesse período os discursos médicos penetraram na região, sendo reforçados pelas graves epidemias que atingiram a capital entre 1855 e 1856, que culminaram na construção do Cemitério de São José (1856-59), que marcou o início de uma nova forma da população manauara relacionar-se com a morte e os mortos.Palavras-chaves: Morte, Práticas Funerárias, Cemitério.Abstract Until a certain period of the eight hundred, living and dead lived in the same space, maintaining fairly direct relations. This relationship was rooted in the centuries. The hygienist discourses and practices of standardization of the public space, with the construction of public cemeteries and the prohibition of the traditional contact with the corpses, have distanced more and more these two. In this way, the aim is to analyze the changes in funeral practices in the city of Manaus in the second half of the 19th century, starting from the first discussions in the Code of Municipal Postures of 1848. During this period medical discourses penetrated the region and were reinforced by the serious epidemics that hit the capital between 1855 and 1856, culminating in the construction of the São José Cemetery (1856-59). Keywords: Death, Funeral Practices, Cemetery.

Violence: Occurrence and reporting

1977 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 244-252 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jerzy Krupinskif ◽  
Roma Emmerson
Keyword(s):  
Content Analysis ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Violent Crime ◽  
The Sun ◽  
Bodily Harm ◽  
The Public ◽  
Grievous Bodily Harm ◽  
Real Increase ◽  
The 19Th Century

A study has been carried out to determine whether there has been a real increase in violent crime in Victoria or whether the public has been affected by the greater prominence given to violence in the mass media. The rates of violent crime, based on “persons taken into custody or proceeded against” were highest in the seventies and eighties of the 19th century. They, then, showed a steady decline until the mid thirties of the 20th century. Since the fifties, there has been an increase, but, with the exception of assault causing grievous bodily harm, they are still much lower than they were 100 years ago. The content analysis of the four main dailies ( The Age, The Argus, the Herald and the Sun) has shown an increasing coverage of violent crime both in the number, and in the size of articles devoted to it. The authors discuss the reasons for and possible effects of this phenomenon.

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