Trajectories of socio-emotional functioning in early-stage dementia: implications for the individual with dementia and their family carer

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Michelle Kelly ◽  
Sharon Nelis ◽  
Anthony Martyr ◽  
Laura D. Gamble ◽  
Linda Clare
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Functioning ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Family Carer ◽  
The Individual

scholarly journals Interactive effects between travel behaviour and COVID-19: a questionnaire study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinbao Zhang ◽  
Jaeyoung Lee
Keyword(s):  
Early Stage ◽  
Travel Behaviour ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Passenger Volume ◽  
Spatial Autoregressive ◽  
Railway Passenger ◽  
The Individual ◽  
And Control

Abstract This study has two main objectives: (i) to analyse the effect of travel characteristics on the spreading of disease, and (ii) to determine the effect of COVID-19 on travel behaviour at the individual level. First, the study analyses the effect of passenger volume and the proportions of different modes of travel on the spread of COVID-19 in the early stage. The developed spatial autoregressive model shows that total passenger volume and proportions of air and railway passenger volumes are positively associated with the cumulative confirmed cases. Second, a questionnaire is analysed to determine changes in travel behaviour after COVID-19. The results indicate that the number of total trips considerably decreased. Public transport usage decreased by 20.5%, while private car usage increased by 6.4%. Then the factors affecting the changes in travel behaviour are analysed by logit models. The findings reveal significant factors, including gender, occupation and travel restriction. It is expected that the findings from this study would be helpful for management and control of traffic during a pandemic.

scholarly journals Design of Personalized Devices—The Tradeoff between Individual Value and Personalization Workload

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 241
Author(s):  
Juliane Kuhl ◽  
Andreas Ding ◽  
Ngoc Tuan Ngo ◽  
Andres Braschkat ◽  
Jens Fiehler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Customer Value ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Treatment Success ◽  
Product Family ◽  
Flow Diverter ◽  
New Method ◽  
Product Families ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Individual Value

Personalized medical devices adapted to the anatomy of the individual promise greater treatment success for patients, thus increasing the individual value of the product. In order to cater to individual adaptations, however, medical device companies need to be able to handle a wide range of internal processes and components. These are here referred to collectively as the personalization workload. Consequently, support is required in order to evaluate how best to target product personalization. Since the approaches presented in the literature are not able to sufficiently meet this demand, this paper introduces a new method that can be used to define an appropriate variety level for a product family taking into account standardized, variant, and personalized attributes. The new method enables the identification and evaluation of personalizable attributes within an existing product family. The method is based on established steps and tools from the field of variant-oriented product design, and is applied using a flow diverter—an implant for the treatment of aneurysm diseases—as an example product. The personalization relevance and adaptation workload for the product characteristics that constitute the differentiating product properties were analyzed and compared in order to determine a tradeoff between customer value and personalization workload. This will consequently help companies to employ targeted, deliberate personalization when designing their product families by enabling them to factor variety-induced complexity and customer value into their thinking at an early stage, thus allowing them to critically evaluate a personalization project.

A Psycho-Educational Approach to Coping with Failure Amongst Pupils

1982 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 231-235 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruth Engel
Keyword(s):  
General Model ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Educational Approach ◽  
Long Run ◽  
The Future ◽  
Basic Objective ◽  
The Individual

In this paper I hope to explain the reasons for developing a method to provide the individual with tools to cope with failure at an early stage of his life; additionally, the general principles of that method will be formulated. Obviously, the basic objective is ultimately aimed at conditioning the child's thinking towards development of different attitudes in relation to failure situations. Success of the method, in the long run, depends upon the repetition of similar techniques, at least during the first years of the child's schooling. Thus we tend to believe that if we ‘instil’ in the child the proposed way of relating, he will then be able to cope not only with failure in the future but also with pressures exerted by unskilled teachers in school, who may use failure as a threat. As an additional alternative there is proposed a general model of treating children who have not been trained at an earlier stage to deal with failure within the school framework.

Case Formulation in Clinical Neuropsychology

2012 ◽  
pp. 44-60
Author(s):  
Greg J. Lamberty ◽  
Nathaniel W. Nelson
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Cognitive Functioning ◽  
Emotional Functioning ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Human Experience ◽  
Case Formulation ◽  
Clinical Neuropsychology ◽  
Effort Assessment ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Functioning Assessment

Chapter 4 discusses two epistemological trends have largely evolved over the twentieth century and which continue to underlie clinical neuropsychological case formulation today, the first of which incorporates and integrates idiographic knowledge and emphasizes how the individual is unique and distinct from the lives of others, and the second, which emphasizes nomothetic knowledge and focuses on aspects of the human experience that are ‘lawful’ or universal, regardless of the individual patient under study. It also covers case formulation by focusing on issues relevant to assessment of response validity and effort, assessment of cognitive functioning, assessment of personality and emotional functioning, and population-based case formulation.

Emotional Functioning and Sense of Hope as Contributors to Healthy Aging

2020 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 253-260
Author(s):  
Amiya Waldman-Levi ◽  
Asnat Bar-Haim Erez ◽  
Noomi Katz ◽  
Jeanine M. Stancanelli
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Healthy Aging ◽  
Prediction Models ◽  
Emotional Functioning ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Physical Factors ◽  
Emotional Status ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Individual

Cognitive and physical factors affect participation in later life. It is imperative to explore the contribution of emotional factors on older adults’ participation and wellbeing. Seventy-eight older adults were recruited for this cross-sectional study and grouped based on their level of independence. Emotional functioning, hope, cognition, participation, and wellbeing were measured. Analyses of variance, correlational analysis, and prediction models were employed. Significant differences were found between independent and dependent older adults’ participation and wellbeing, F(2, 72) = 12.71, p < .00, η2 = .26. Independent older adults’ participation was predicted by cognition, β = 0.40, and hope, β = 0.58. Wellbeing was predicted by cognition, β = 0.39, emotional status, β = −0.46, and hope, β = 0.36. Dependent older adults’ wellbeing was predicted by emotional status, β = −0.68, and hope, β = 0.32. Occupational therapists play a key role in promoting healthy aging by incorporating psychosocial factors at the individual, community, and societal levels.

scholarly journals Multiscale Cooperative Differential Evolution Algorithm

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yongzhao Du ◽  
Yuling Fan ◽  
Xiaofang Liu ◽  
Yanmin Luo ◽  
Jianeng Tang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Differential Evolution ◽  
Optimization Problems ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Differential Evolution Algorithm ◽  
Search Range ◽  
Adaptive Parameter ◽  
Mutation Strategy ◽  
Evolution Algorithm ◽  
Evolution Algorithms ◽  
The Individual

A multiscale cooperative differential evolution algorithm is proposed to solve the problems of narrow search range at the early stage and slow convergence at the later stage in the performance of the traditional differential evolution algorithms. Firstly, the population structure of multipopulation mechanism is adopted so that each subpopulation is combined with a corresponding mutation strategy to ensure the individual diversity during evolution. Then, the covariance learning among populations is developed to establish a suitable rotating coordinate system for cross operation. Meanwhile, an adaptive parameter adjustment strategy is introduced to balance the population survey and convergence. Finally, the proposed algorithm is tested on the CEC 2005 benchmark function and compared with other state-of-the-art evolutionary algorithms. The experiment results showed that the proposed algorithm has better performance in solving global optimization problems than other compared algorithms.

The Principle of Proportionality

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takis Tridimas
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Public Interest ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Fundamental Principle ◽  
The Rule Of Law ◽  
The Public ◽  
Principle Of Proportionality ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Constitutional Adjudication ◽  
Freedom Of Action

The principle of proportionality is the most oft-invoked and, in terms of its role in constitutional adjudication, the most influential principle of EU law. The principle was developed in continental legal systems, especially in Germany and France, in the twentieth century. Even at an early stage in the development of EEC law, proportionality had already been pronounced by the Court of Justice to be a fundamental principle deriving from the rule of law and requiring in particular that ‘the individual should not have his freedom of action limited beyond the degree necessary in the public interest’.

scholarly journals Biophysical principles of choanoflagellate self-organization

2020 ◽  
Vol 117 (3) ◽  
pp. 1303-1311 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ben T. Larson ◽  
Teresa Ruiz-Herrero ◽  
Stacey Lee ◽  
Sanjay Kumar ◽  
L. Mahadevan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Extracellular Matrix ◽  
Cell Biology ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Self Organization ◽  
Proliferating Cells ◽  
Cell Lineages ◽  
Biophysical Processes ◽  
Salpingoeca Rosetta ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Colony Shape

Inspired by the patterns of multicellularity in choanoflagellates, the closest living relatives of animals, we quantify the biophysical processes underlying the morphogenesis of rosette colonies in the choanoflagellate Salpingoeca rosetta. We find that rosettes reproducibly transition from an early stage of 2-dimensional (2D) growth to a later stage of 3D growth, despite the underlying variability of the cell lineages. Our perturbative experiments demonstrate the fundamental importance of a basally secreted extracellular matrix (ECM) for rosette morphogenesis and show that the interaction of the ECM with cells in the colony physically constrains the packing of proliferating cells and, thus, controls colony shape. Simulations of a biophysically inspired model that accounts for the size and shape of the individual cells, the fraction of ECM, and its stiffness relative to that of the cells suffices to explain our observations and yields a morphospace consistent with observations across a range of multicellular choanoflagellate colonies. Overall, our biophysical perspective on rosette development complements previous genetic perspectives and, thus, helps illuminate the interplay between cell biology and physics in regulating morphogenesis.

Setting quality improvement priorities for women receiving systemic therapy (ST) for early stage breast cancer (EBC) using population level administrative data.

2016 ◽  
Vol 34 (7_suppl) ◽  
pp. 299-299
Author(s):  
Katherine Enright ◽  
Lingsong Yun ◽  
Alejandro Gonzalez ◽  
Melanie Powis ◽  
Nathan Taback ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Improvement ◽  
Administrative Data ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Secondary Prophylaxis ◽  
Absolute Difference ◽  
Ontario Cancer Registry ◽  
Institutional Variation ◽  
The Individual

299 Background: Routine evaluation of evidence informed quality measures (QM) can drive improvement in cancer systems by highlighting potential gaps in care. Targeting quality improvement at QMs that demonstrate substantial variation has the potential to make the largest impact on quality at a population level. We aimed to use variation in performance to set priorities for improving the quality of ST for women with EBC. Methods: EBC cases diagnosed 2006 – 2010 in Ontario, Canada were identified in the Ontario Cancer Registry and linked deterministically to multiple health care databases. A panel of QMs, previously developed to be operationalized for administrative data, was applied to reflect the quality of ST. Each QM was evaluated in all patients who met the inclusion criteria for the individual measure. QMs were ranked based on institutional variation in performance using the mean absolute difference (MAD). Results: We identified 28,303 patients, treated at 84 institutions. The performance of each QM is listed in Table 1. Timely receipt of ST, febrile neutropenia (FN) secondary prophylaxis, emergency room visits or hospitalizations, receipt of hormonal therapy (HT) and the use of surveillance imaging represented the 5 QM that demonstrated the greatest variation. Conclusions: Considerable institutional-level variation highlights potentially actionable areas of improvement [Table: see text]

Establishing achievable benchmarks for quality improvement in systemic therapy for early-stage breast cancer.

2016 ◽  
Vol 34 (7_suppl) ◽  
pp. 263-263
Author(s):  
Melanie Powis ◽  
Alejandro Gonzalez ◽  
Rinku Sutradhar ◽  
Katherine Enright ◽  
Nathan Taback ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Quality Improvement ◽  
Systemic Therapy ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Quality Care ◽  
Early Stage Breast Cancer ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Eligibility Criteria ◽  
High Performing ◽  
The Individual

263 Background: Setting realistic targets for performance on quality indicators (QI) is a consistent challenge in quality improvement. The purpose of this study was to utilize administrative data to define achievable targets for QI in the early stage breast cancer (EBC) population in relation to systemic therapy (ST) delivery based on best performers. Methods: Deterministically linked administrative healthcare databases were used to identify EBC cases diagnosed 2006 – 2010 in Ontario, Canada. Panel of previously established QIs for systemic therapy was applied to patients who met eligibility criteria for the individual indicators. Institutions with less than 10 eligible patients for a specific indicator were excluded. An empiric benchmark was defined as the proportion of patients meeting the indicator from institutions accounting for the top decile of eligible patients. Results: We identified 28,303 EBC patients who received surgery of which 12,252 received adjuvant chemotherapy. Benchmark results are summarized in Table. Conclusions: Many institutions fell considerably below the benchmark. Further analysis of institution-level drivers of high quality care is required to help characterize high performing institutions. [Table: see text]

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