Effective stiffness, damping and mass of the body during laboratory simulations of shoulder checks in ice hockey

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Olivia M. G. Aguiar ◽  
Olga Radivojevic ◽  
Brigitte M. Potvin ◽  
Omid Vakili ◽  
Stephen N. Robinovitch
Keyword(s):  
The Body ◽  
Ice Hockey ◽  
Effective Stiffness ◽  
Laboratory Simulations

scholarly journals Amateur and Professional Ice Hockey Player Hydration Status and Urine Specific Gravity Values Before and After Training in Winter Conditions

2014 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 53-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lilita Ozoliņa ◽  
Inese Pontaga ◽  
Igors Ķīsis
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass ◽  
The Body ◽  
Ice Hockey ◽  
Urine Specific Gravity ◽  
Hydration Status ◽  
Fluid Loss ◽  
Winter Conditions ◽  
Hockey Players ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Mean

Abstract The aim of our investigation was to determine and compare the pre- and post- training body hydration status in professional and amateur male ice hockey players consumed the drinks according to their thirst sensation in winter conditions. Materials and methods: 11 amateur and 23 professional ice hockey players participated in the investigation. The players were weighted before and after training using precise scales. The body mass composition of every athlete was determined by the body composition analyzer. Every player collected mid–stream urine specimens before and after the training. Urine specific gravity (USG) was measured by urine refractometer. Results: 56% of the professional ice hockey players and 82% of amateur players were hypohydrated before training according to their USG values ≥ 1.020, 5% of professional players were dehydrated their USG values ≥ 1.030. After the training with duration of 1.5 hours the mean body mass decreased for 0.9±0.5% of pre– training value in amateur players and for 1.6±0.8% in professionals (p=0.005). After the training the professional players’ hydration status worsened: 66% were hypohydrated and 26% dehydrated according to USG, the mean USG after training was significantly higher than before it (p=0.011). USG after training did not change in amateur players: their mean USG values before and after training did not differed significantly (p=0.677). Conclusions: Fluid uptake according to thirst sensation in winter conditions cannot compensate the fluid loss at rest and during training especially in professional ice hockey players. The body mass loss exceeded value critical for performance - 2 % in one third part of professionals. The differences between two groups can be explained by higher intensity of exercises during training, the better physical conditioning and greater sweating rate in professional players in comparison with amateurs, which causes close to twice greater uncompensated fluid loss in professionals than in amateurs.

scholarly journals Epidemiology of injuries in professional ice hockey: a prospective study over seven years

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregory Ornon ◽  
Jean-Luc Ziltener ◽  
Daniel Fritschy ◽  
Jacques Menetrey
Keyword(s):  
Prospective Study ◽  
Medial Collateral Ligament ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
The Body ◽  
Ice Hockey ◽  
Collateral Ligament ◽  
Time Loss ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Ice Hockey Injuries ◽  
A Prospective Study

Abstract Background Ice hockey injuries epidemiology is still poorly understood and very few studies are focused on it, especially about professional players. Methods Our prospective study collected all injuries occurring on ice during practice and games over 7 years (2006–2013) in a professional hockey team playing in the 1st division championship in Switzerland. Results During the 7 seasons, we recorded a total of 525 injuries and 190 injuries with time loss (TL). Mean injuries incidence was 5.93 (95% CI 5.28 to 6.27) injuries/1000 h/player and with time loss 2.14 (95% CI 1.79 to 2.39) injuries/1000 h/player. The lower limb was the most affected part of the body, with a total of 40.4% of all injuries, mostly knee Medial Collateral Ligament tear and muscle adductors/abdominal sprain. For the upper limb, shoulder was the most affected joint with mostly acromioclavicular sprain and shoulder dislocation. Forwards had a significant (p < 0.05) higher risk than defensemen for knee Medial Collateral Ligament (MCL) tear. There was no significant difference in the concussion risk between forwards and defensemen, but defensemen had a significant higher risk (p < 0.05) to have a more severe concussion. Conclusion This study provides a better understanding about professional ice hockey epidemiology, which is still insufficiently researched and understood. We also found some significant risk factors, being a forward for knee MCL tear, being a defensemen for concussion severity. Concussion program prevention seems to be effective but it is crucial to continue the follow up of concussion on long term and expand the surveillance system to all the League.

scholarly journals Does disallowing body checking in non-elite 13- to 14-year-old ice hockey leagues reduce rates of injury and concussion? A cohort study in two Canadian provinces

2019 ◽  
Vol 54 (7) ◽  
pp. 414-420 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolyn Emery ◽  
Luz Palacios-Derflingher ◽  
Amanda Marie Black ◽  
Paul Eliason ◽  
Maciek Krolikowski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Incidence Rate ◽  
Policy Change ◽  
The Body ◽  
Ice Hockey ◽  
Medical Attention ◽  
Point Estimate ◽  
Body Checking ◽  
Adjusted Incidence Rate ◽  
Canadian Provinces

ObjectiveTo compare rates of injury and concussion among non-elite (lowest 60% by division of play) Bantam (ages 13–14 years) ice hockey leagues that disallow body checking to non-elite Bantam leagues that allow body checking.MethodsIn this 2-year cohort study, Bantam non-elite ice hockey players were recruited from leagues where policy allowed body checking in games (Calgary/Edmonton 2014–2015, Edmonton 2015–2016) and where policy disallowed body checking (Kelowna/Vancouver 2014–2015, Calgary 2015–2016). All ice hockey game-related injuries resulting in medical attention, inability to complete a session and/or time loss from hockey were identified using valid injury surveillance methodology. Any player suspected of having concussion was referred to a study physician for diagnosis and management.Results49 body checking (608 players) and 33 non-body checking teams (396 players) participated. There were 129 injuries (incidence rate (IR)=7.98/1000 hours) and 54 concussions (IR=3.34/1000 hours) in the body checking teams in games. After policy change, there were 31 injuries (IR=3.66/1000 hours) and 17 concussions (IR=2.01/1000 hours) in games. Policy disallowing body checking was associated with a lower rate of all injury (adjusted incidence rate ratio (IRR)=0.44; 95% CI: 0.27 to 0.74). The point estimate showed a lower rate of concussion (adjusted IRR=0.6; 95% CI: 0.31 to 1.18), but this was not statistically significant.ConclusionPolicy change disallowing body checking in non-elite Bantam ice hockey resulted in a 56% lower rate of injury. There is growing evidence that disallowing body checking in youth ice hockey is associated with fewer injuries.

scholarly journals FEATURES OF TRAINING HOCKEY PLAYERS WITH HEARING IMPAIRMENT AT THE STAGE OF SPORTS SPECIALIZATION

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 139-145
Author(s):  
E Rumyantseva ◽  
N Abzalov ◽  
S Tsvetkov
Keyword(s):  
Hearing Loss ◽  
Hearing Impairment ◽  
Muscle Tension ◽  
The Body ◽  
Ice Hockey ◽  
Vertical Posture ◽  
Auditory Analyzer ◽  
Hockey Players ◽  
Rhythm Pattern ◽  
Experimental Group

Aim. The article aims to experimentally test the methodology for the development of the main physical qualities in hockey players with hearing impairment in their first and second year of training. Materials and methods. The study involved 38 young hockey players at  the stage of sports specialization with hearing loss of 55 dB, which corresponds to an average and high degree of hearing loss. The experiment took place on the premises of the sports school for children and youth of the Gornyak Sports Club (Uchaly, Bashkortostan Republic) and Sports School No 3 named after M.M. Azamatova (Ufa, Bashkortostan Republic). In the control groups, training was carried out in accordance with the traditional ice hockey program developed in compliance with the Federal Standard. Our methodology was included in the training program of hockey players of the experimental group. The main training load was chosen in accordance with the sports school program. Results. Features of the sports training of hockey players with hearing impairment were established, which served as the basis for the development of methods for increasing their physical fitness and the formation of adaptive-compensatory responses of the body in the first and second years of training. The latter are associated with their specific morphofunctional features resulted from damage to the auditory analyzer and secondary changes in the psychoemotional status and functional systems of the body manifested in impaired coordination abilities and a lag in the development of speed-strength and speed qualities. The main physical qualities and their most significant components for adolescent hockey players with hearing impairment in the first and second years of training were identified. Conclusion. Our methodo­logy for training hockey players with hearing impairment aimed at the development of the main physical qualities and their components contributed to improving the coordination abilities of young hockey players, as well as their ability to maintain a vertical posture, dynamic and static balance. Hockey players of the experimental group better acquired the correct rhythm pattern of motor actions, showed better results in tests for the differentiation of muscle effort, intermuscular coordination and the ability to arbitrarily control muscle tension and relaxation.

scholarly journals Youth Ice Hockey Concussions Reported at US Emergency Department’s from 2002-2016: A Peak in 2011 and the Impact of Rule Modifications

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (7_suppl5) ◽  
pp. 2325967119S0040
Author(s):  
Patrick Morrissey ◽  
Neil V. Shah ◽  
Andrew J. Hayden ◽  
Jack J. Zhou ◽  
Lee R. Bloom ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
The Body ◽  
Ice Hockey ◽  
Injury Surveillance System ◽  
Body Checking ◽  
Awareness Campaigns ◽  
Rule Changes ◽  
Minimum Age ◽  
National Campaigns ◽  
The Impact

Objectives: Ice hockey has one the highest incidences of concussions among youth sports. To combat this, several national campaigns have attempted to increase awareness since the early 2000’s. USA Hockey, the governing body for youth ice hockey in the US, also addressed the issue by instituting new checking rules in 2011. The new rules outlawed contact to the head at all ages and pushed the minimum age for body checking from 11 years old to 13 years old. The purpose of this study was to investigate the incidence of ice hockey-related concussions during a critical 15-year period from 2002-2016. We hypothesized that awareness campaigns would increase concussion reporting during the 2000’s and a 2011 rule change would decrease reporting. Methods: This is a descriptive epidemiological study utilizing the National Electronic Injury Surveillance System (NEISS). The NEISS was queried for all cases of concussion from January 1, 2002 to December 31, 2016 that included the product code 1279. Cases over the age of 18 and females were excluded. We reviewed the narrative text field and categorized each injury by mechanism (e.g. player contact, contact with boards, fall, etc). USA Hockey membership statistics were used to calculate population at risk and incidence. Incidences were reported per 10,000 person-years. Players were grouped by age according to USA Hockey divisions. Results: The national estimate of ice hockey-related concussions increased significantly from 656 in 2007 to 2,042 in 2011 (p<0.01). During the same period, the incidence increased significantly from 21.8 to 66.8 (p<0.05). After 2011, concussion incidence decreased significantly to 40.7 (p<0.05) and overall, the number of concussions decreased from 1,965 in 2012 to 1,292 in 2016 (p=0.055). The 13-14, 15-16, and 17-18 age groups drove both the increase and decrease in concussions over the study period. The gap in concussion incidence between the 11-12 and 13-14 age divisions widened significantly after 2011 (before 2011: 41 vs 49 (p=0.8); after 2011: 45 and 89 (p<0.01)). During the study period, incidence of concussion increased significantly with each successive age division. The incidences of concussion in the 0-8, 9-10, 11-12, 13-14, 15-16 and 17-18 age groups were 6.3, 22, 33.3, 59, 69.4, and 89.2, respectively. The top three mechanisms of concussion were player contact, falls and board contact. The incidence of concussion by player contact increased in each successive age division, especially between the 11-12 and 13-14 age groups (14.4 and 26.6 respectively, p<0.01). Conclusion: Ice hockey went through a monumental shift during the study period. From 2007-2011, concussion reporting increased significantly as players, coaches and parents became more aware and educated. In response, the rules of the game were changed in 2011 to outlaw hitting to the head and push back body checking to older divisions. Immediately after the rule changes in 2011, a significant decrease in concussion incidence occurred. Adding to this effect was the elimination of body checking in the 11-12 age division, which likely mitigated the rise of concussion incidence in that age group. Since we’ve shown that concussion incidence increases with age, it stands to reason that increasing the body checking age further would result in even decreased incidence of concussions. This study lends credence to the theory that rule changes aimed at protecting players can help decrease the incidence of concussions in youth ice hockey.

Prediction of Femoral Impact Forces in Falls on the Hip

1991 ◽  
Vol 113 (4) ◽  
pp. 366-374 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. N. Robinovitch ◽  
W. C. Hayes ◽  
T. A. McMahon
Keyword(s):  
Human Subjects ◽  
The Body ◽  
Effective Stiffness ◽  
Lateral Impact ◽  
Standing Height ◽  
Impact Forces ◽  
Soft Tissue Thickness ◽  
Stiffness And Damping ◽  
The Impact

A major determinant of the risk of hip fracture in a fall from standing height is the force applied to the femur at impact. This force is determined by the impact velocity of the hip and the effective mass, stiffness, and damping of the body at the moment of contact. We have developed a simple experiment (the pelvis release experiment) to measure the effective stiffness and damping of the body when a step change in force is applied to the lateral aspect of the hip. Results from pelvis release experiments with 14 human subjects suggest that both increased soft tissue thickness over the hip and impacting the ground in a relaxed state can decrease the effective stiffness of the body, and subsequently reduce peak impact forces. Comparison between our fall impact force predictions and in-vitro measures of femoral fracture strength suggest that any fall from standing height producing direct, lateral impact on the greater trochanter can fracture the elderly hip.

CHARACTER OF RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SOMATIC COEFFICIENTS AND PHYSIOLOGICAL PARAMETERS THE 15-17 YEAR OLD ICE-HOCKEY PLAYERS

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 293-303
Author(s):  
Urszula Barbara Szmatlan-Gabrys ◽  
Tomasz Tytus Gabrys ◽  
Arkadiusz Stanula
Keyword(s):  
Motor Preparation ◽  
Significant Degree ◽  
Physiological Parameters ◽  
The Body ◽  
Ice Hockey ◽  
National Team ◽  
Hockey Players ◽  
Aerobic And Anaerobic

The somatic structure in the significant degree determines the possibilities of applying definite tactical solutions, he can limit or stimulate unreeling the competitor individual technique. Somatic conditions can be the limiter of the motor preparation and coordination. The aim of investigations was qualification of dependence between coefficients of the somatic parameters and coefficients of aerobic and anaerobic efficiency. In investigations participated hockey players of National Team Poland in the age from 15 to 17 years. Essential dependences stepped out between the coefficients of aerobic and anaerobic efficiency, and the coefficients of the somatic conditions counted from the value of mass and the length of the body. The number of appointed dependences is higher in hockey players team U18 in the comparison with hockey players team U15.

Medical Conditions Affecting Sports Participation

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 94 (5) ◽  
pp. 757-760
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Medical Condition ◽  
Sports Participation ◽  
The Body ◽  
Ice Hockey ◽  
Medical Conditions ◽  
Contact Sports ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Downhill Skiing ◽  
Great Force ◽  
Serious Injuries

In 1988 the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) published an analysis of medical conditions affecting sports participation.1 This statement was endorsed by the American Medical Association, replacing their own recommendations.2 A further modification of this analysis is presented here, with additions and changes that attempt to increase its accuracy and completeness and to include current information. In Table 1, sports are categorized by their probability for collision or contact. In "collision" sports (eg, boxing, ice hockey, football, or rodeo), athletes purposely hit or collide with each other or inanimate objects, including the ground, with great force. In "contact" sports (eg, basketball and soccer), athletes routinely make contact with each other or inanimate objects, but usually with less force than in collision sports. Table 1 does not separate collision and contact sports because there is no clear dividing line between them. In "limited contact" sports such as softball and squash, contact with other athletes or inanimate objects is either occasional or inadvertent. Sports with limited contact, for example downhill skiing and gymnastics, can be as dangerous as the contact or collision activities. Even in noncontact sports serious injuries can occur, such as in power lifting. Overuse injuries are not related to contact or collision. For all these reasons, the categorization of sports in Table 1 reflects imperfectly their relative risk of causing injury. The categorization does, however, give an idea of the comparative likelihood that participation in different sports results in acute traumatic injuries from blows to the body. We assessed the medical conditions listed in Table 2 to determine whether participation would create an increased risk of injury or adversely affect the medical condition.

scholarly journals Body composition and physical performance of Slovak Ice hockey players with different training approach during pre-season preparation

2018 ◽  
Vol 81 (4) ◽  
pp. 379-392
Author(s):  
Veronika Candráková Čerňanová ◽  
Ján Čerňan ◽  
Zuzana Danková ◽  
Daniela Siváková
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Physical Performance ◽  
Team Sports ◽  
The Body ◽  
Ice Hockey ◽  
Lower Limbs ◽  
Upper Limbs ◽  
Training Approach ◽  
Hockey Players ◽  
Individual Training

Abstract The pre-season preparation aim is to improve the components of physical performance through the changes in training intensity, gradual increment in volume, variation in training frequency and optimizing the body composition. The problem in team sports is the lack of individualization, because most coaches in team sports focus their training on the group and not on improving each player’s strengths and weaknesses. The aim of this study is to identify differences in the body composition and physical performance of young ice-hockey players (15-18 years) with different pre-season training approaches (collective vs. individual). This longitudinal study monitored 13 ice-hockey players with collective training and 8 ice-hockey players with individual training during their pre-season preparation. Body composition was measured by bioimpedance analyzer BIA 101 (Akern, S.R.L.) and the Myotest PRO determined player physical performance in power, force and velocity. Performance and body composition comparisons showed gradual increase in the differences between the two studied groups during the training process. This increase escalated to significant differences in the final output test results and was especially noted in the upper limbs power and force (p=0.016; p<0.001) and lower limbs power and force (p=0.029; p=0.001) with better performance results by individual training approach. Stepwise linear regression also showed significant relationship between upper limbs power, resistance (p<0.001) and fat mass (p<0.001). The upper limbs force was significantly associated with intra-cellular (p<0.001) and extra-cellular water (p=0.026), body cell mass index (p<0.001), basal metabolic rate (p<0.001) and training approach (p<0.001), while the lower limbs power was significantly associated with total body water (p<0.001), training approach (p=0.033) and the pre-season preparation phase (p<0.001). In addition, the training approach (p<0.001), preparation phase (p<0.001), player position (p=0.012) and fat free mass (p<0.001) were significantly associated with lowers limb force. Our results indicate the importance of using an individual training approach and optimal body composition in physical performance progression.

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