Comparison of fibers from hop rich biogas digestate with natural fibers as raw material for composites

Purpose The purpose of this study is to explore the potential of Cordyline Australis fibers as an alternate raw material for textile. Design/methodology/approach The water retting method was used to extract the fiber. Cordyline Australis fibers were characterized in terms of the morphology of fibers (fiber cross-sectional and longitudinal), fiber chemical functional groups, tensile strength and elongation, fineness, fiber length, moisture regain and friction coefficient. Findings Cordyline Australis fiber strands consist of several individual fibers. At the longitudinal section, the fiber cells appeared as long cylindrical tubes with a rough surface. The cross-section of the Cordyline Australis fibers was irregular but some were oval. The key components in the fibers were cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin. The tensile strength of the fiber per bundle was 2.5 gf/den. The elongation of fibers was 13.15%. The fineness of fiber was 8.35 Tex. The average length of the fibers was 54.72 cm. Moisture Regain for fiber was 8.59%. The friction coefficient of fibers was 0.16. The properties of the fiber showed that the Cordyline Australis fiber has the potential to be produced into yarn. Originality/value To the best of the author's knowledge, there is no scientific article focused on the Cordyline Australis fibers. Natural fibers from the leaves of the Cordyline Australis plant could be used as an alternate material for textile.

Download Full-text

Green degumming process of ramie fiber thermal effect and optimization

Thermal Science ◽

10.2298/tsci1904447l ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 23 (4) ◽

pp. 2447-2451 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Guoliang Liu ◽

Dan Tian ◽

Bangze Zhou ◽

Yumeng Zhang ◽

Tao Xu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Natural Fibers ◽

Weight Ratio ◽

Raw Material ◽

Effect Of Temperature ◽

Ramie Fiber ◽

Traditional Treatment ◽

Sodium Percarbonate ◽

Ramie Fibers ◽

Degumming Process ◽

Environmentally Friendly Process

Ramie is a kind of natural fibers, it requires degumming process before it can be used as a raw material for various applications. The traditional treatment uses alkali, which is not an environmentally friendly process. In this paper, ramie fibers are degummed using sodium percarbonate, which causes no any negative environmental problems, and its decomposition, hydrogen peroxide, is a clear liquid, it can be used as an oxidizer, bleaching agent and antiseptics for surface treatment of ramie fibers. Effect of temperature and concentration of sodium percarbonate on the degumming process are studied theoretically and verified experimentally. Finally an optimal degumming process is suggested for maximal weight ratio of degummed ramie fiber to raw bast.

Download Full-text

Study of tensile strength and morphology of polyester matrix composite materials reinforced Hibiscus tiliaceust bark powder as raw material of rear bumper vehicle

Global Journal of Engineering and Technology Advances ◽

10.30574/gjeta.2021.7.1.0056 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

pp. 085-090

Author(s):

Sujita Darmo Darmo ◽

Rudy Sutanto Sutanto

Keyword(s):

Tensile Strength ◽

Composite Material ◽

Composite Materials ◽

Volume Fraction ◽

Fibrous Composite ◽

Natural Fibers ◽

Alkaline Treatment ◽

Raw Material ◽

Soaking Time ◽

The Matrix

Fibrous composite materials continue to be researched and developed with the long-term goal of becoming an alternative to metal substitutes. Due to the nature of the fiber reinforced composite material, its high tensile strength, and low density compared to metal. In general, the composition of the composite consists of reinforcing fibers and a matrix as the binding material. The potential of natural fibers as a reinforcing composite material is still being developed and investigated. The research that has been done aims to determine the characteristics of the tensile strength of the composite strengthened with Hibiscus tiliaceust bark powder (HTBP) with alkaline NaOH and KOH treatment. The reinforcing material used is HTBP and the matrix is polyester resin, with volume fraction of 5%, 10% and 20% with an alkaline treatment of 5% NaOH and 5% KOH with immersion for 2 hours, 4 hours, 6 hours and 8 hours. Tensile testing specimens and procedures refer to ASTM D3039 standard. The results of this study showed the highest tensile strength of 34.96 MPa in the alkaline treatment of 5% KOH, soaking time of 8 hours with a volume fraction of 10% and the lowest tensile strength of 21.96 MPa of 5% KOH alkaline treatment, soaking time of 6 hours with a volume fraction of 20%. .with 10% volume fraction of 34.96 MPa and the lowest tensile strength was 5% KOH alkaline treatment at 6 hours immersion with 20% volume fraction.

Download Full-text

Potensi Pemanfaatan Serat Selulosa sebagai Material Bahan Baku dalam Sintesis Filter Udara Non-Woven sesuai Standar TAPPI T 205

Jurnal Teknologika ◽

10.51132/teknologika.v10i2.80 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 37-42

Author(s):

Irwan Suriaman ◽

Mardiyati ◽

Jooned Hendrarsakti ◽

Ari Darmawan Pasek

Keyword(s):

Tensile Strength ◽

Natural Fiber ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Natural Fibers ◽

Morphological Characteristics ◽

Sem Analysis ◽

Raw Material ◽

Ramie Fiber ◽

Tropical Country ◽

Materials Used

Industry 4.0 era materials used by entrepreneurs should be recycled, environmentally friendly, renewable with less chemical content. Indonesia as a tropical country has a large land area with the potential to produce the largest natural fiber in the world. One opportunity that can be applied to the utilization of natural fibers in air filters that currently use dominant materials is synthetic fibers. natural fiber has the advantage because it does not contain toxic chemicals, local raw materials, and is easily produced. This research will analyze the mechanical and morphological characteristics of biological fibers that have great potential as pre-filter raw material. Analysis of mechanical properties through tensile strength testing for single fibers and morphological analysis through scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Tensile testing was the results are; palm oil has a tensile strength of 620 MPa; 998 MPa and 213 MPa flax coconut fiber. For the morphological test results from SEM analysis for ramie fiber, it looks solid without fiber holes; The fibers appear to be many small fibers bound to one another while coir fibers have many pore holes in one observed fiber.

Download Full-text

The Study of Process and Characteristics of Woven Fabric from Plant Fibers of Lidah Mertua (Sansevieria trifasciata P.)

Jurnal Ilmiah Rekayasa Pertanian dan Biosistem ◽

10.29303/jrpb.v7i2.137 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 7 (2) ◽

pp. 207-220 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Lisa Oktavia Br Napitupulu ◽

Asri Widyasanti ◽

Ahmad Thoriq ◽

Asep Yusuf

Keyword(s):

Tensile Strength ◽

Textile Industry ◽

Natural Fibers ◽

Woven Fabrics ◽

Raw Material ◽

Woven Fabric ◽

Plant Fibers ◽

Weft Direction ◽

A Value ◽

Descriptive Method

Sansevieria or known as tongue-in-law plant is an ornamental plant that is quite popular in Indonesia. This plant is very easily cultivated, easy to grow in areas with less water and sunlight. This plant contains potential natural fibers used as raw material requirements for textile industry, specifically in fabric making. The aims of this research were to determine the production process consisting and analyzing the characteristics of woven fabrics from the leaves of the tongue-in-law plant. The method of fibers extraction used the mechanical decortication process and making woven fabric is done using ATBM. The research method used is descriptive method. Based on the results of the study, it is known that the woven cloth of tongue-in-law has color characteristics with a value of L* 69.73; a* 1.86; b* 17,38; H 83,88. Besides that, it is known the mechanical characteristics of the tongue-in-law woven fabric, the tensile strength of the fabric, the weft direction of 46.05 kg and the warp direction of 19.96 kg; weft direction stretch 22% and stretch direction of the warp of 55.20%; weft direction tear strength 19.17% and wrap direction 4.60%; and air penetrating power 116.2 cm3/cm2/s.The value of the tensile strength of the tongue-in-law woven fabric produced in the warp direction does not meet the standards of SNI 08-0056-2006 woven fabric quality requirements for suit.Therefore, woven fabric produced is intended as a craft material.

Download Full-text

A new class of composite materials: Matrix auto-reinforced organic material–MARIOM

Journal of Materials Research ◽

10.1557/jmr.1992.1990 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 7 (8) ◽

pp. 1990-1992 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

A. Wyler ◽

R.T. Markus ◽

H.J. Wagner ◽

B. de Castro

Keyword(s):

Room Temperature ◽

Matrix Material ◽

Natural Fibers ◽

Building Blocks ◽

Processing Parameters ◽

Raw Material ◽

Processing Temperature ◽

New Class ◽

Matrix Reinforcement ◽

Collagenous Fibers

A sort of composite material can be produced from a single kind of natural organic fiber. This has been observed with bovine leather. During the formation process in a die particulated leather fibers were subjected for a period of about 6 min to a pressure of over 100 bar at a processing temperature of between 60 and 200 °C. In this way a portion of these collagenous fibers was plastically deformed and converted into continuous matrix material in which unconverted fibers act as matrix reinforcement. Round, collagenous fibers assumed an angular cross section and became the building blocks of the continuous matrix. This is clearly visible on pictures made with a scanning electron microscope. At a processing temperature of 70 °C and a pressure of 650 bar, applied for 6 min, the maximum compression strength at room temperature is found to be 185 MPa. At these processing parameters Young's modulus is about 2.4 GPa and the bulk density is 1350 kg/m3. Other natural fibers, to be used as organic raw material for the production of composites, are currently under investigation.

Download Full-text

Tensile Strength of Sisal/Epoxy Composites Prepared by Vacuum Infusion

Materials Science Forum ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.911.95 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 911 ◽

pp. 95-99

Author(s):

Petr Valášek

Keyword(s):

Tensile Strength ◽

Synergistic Effects ◽

Fiber Composite ◽

Flow Direction ◽

Low Cost ◽

Natural Fibers ◽

Raw Material ◽

Vacuum Infusion ◽

Composite Systems ◽

Design Function

Composite systems are materials that due to its characteristics and its achievement of synergistic effects are increasingly applied. The most frequent composites are composites mainly with long fibers. In the interaction with the polymer matrix can be used inorganic fibers, but recently there is a substitution of these fibers with organic fibers. The main advantage of using organic fibers is their low cost, low weight, and availability. The benefits can also cite environmental aspects. The disadvantage is the very nature of the organic material. The paper describes a long-fiber composite system prepared by vacuum infusion and compares the tensile strength of composites with randomly oriented and arranged sisal fibers, depending on the flow direction of the resin during vacuum infusion. Composite systems were cut from boards made by vacuum infusion using a water jet. These boards are widely used by industries such as automotive or building to where the natural fibers can create design function. The use of natural fibers in this process is inexpensive and such materials can be referenced as biocomposites, saving the primary raw material. The paper describes the tensile strength and hardness. Electron microscopy was used to evaluate fracture surfaces and the morphology of the fibers.

Download Full-text

Study impact toughness on polyester matrix composite fiberglass reinforced Musa acuminata stem fibers as raw material of rear bumper vehicle

Global Journal of Engineering and Technology Advances ◽

10.30574/gjeta.2020.5.3.0112 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 5 (3) ◽

pp. 094-098

Author(s):

Sujita Darmo Darmo ◽

Rudy Sutanto Sutanto

Keyword(s):

Impact Toughness ◽

Matrix Composite ◽

Impact Energy ◽

Impact Test ◽

Volume Fraction ◽

Natural Fibers ◽

Musa Acuminata ◽

Raw Material ◽

Polyester Matrix ◽

The Impact

The use of natural fibers as composite reinforcement has various advantages, including as substitute for artificial fiber, low price, able to reduce sound, environmentally friendly, has low density, good fit and ability to absorb impact energy, making it possible to use it as a vehicle accessory such as a rear bumper vehicle. This study aims to investigate the impact toughness performance of the fiberglass matrix composite polyester (FMCP) reinforced fiber Musa acuminata stem fiber (MASF), with a volume fraction of 5%, 10%, 15%, 20% and 25%. Polyester matrix type 157 is used BQTN and G3253T, MEKPO catalyst. The impact toughness test was carried out by using the charpy method impact test instrument, observing the microstructure of the occurrence of fracture by using scanning electron microscope (SEM). The composite impact test specimen was 12.7 thick mm refers to the ASTM D 256 standard, produced by the hand layup method. The most optimal volume fraction impact test at a volume fraction of 20% MASF: 80% Matrix, with an impact energy of 14.47 J, impact toughness 0.094 J/mm2. The results showed that the addition of MASF increased the impact toughness of the composite by 14.69% compared to composites 0.0122 J/mm2. Based on SEM observations, it can be seen that the 20% MASF volume fraction of the bonds between the matrix and the fibers are perfectly integrated. The results showed that the addition of MASF increased the impact toughness of the composite by 14.69% compared to composites 0.0122 J/mm2. However, if a volume fraction ratio above 20% MASF is used, the impact toughness is decreased.

Download Full-text

Opportunities of Sustainable Development of the Industry of Upholstered Furniture in Romania. A Case Study

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su10093356 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 10 (9) ◽

pp. 3356

Author(s):

Emilia Ciupan ◽

Cornel Ciupan ◽

Emilia-Maria Câmpean ◽

Lucia Stelea ◽

Cecilia-Elena Policsek ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Sustainable Development ◽

Natural Fibers ◽

Raw Material ◽

Beech Forests ◽

Plant Fibers ◽

Conventional Production ◽

Upholstered Furniture ◽

Annual Consumption ◽

Agricultural Areas

Wood is used as a raw material in various industries, including the production of furniture, which puts pressure on the exploitation of the forests and the continuous reduction of their surfaces, with undesirable effects on the environment. The paper provides a way of sustainably manufacturing furniture by replacing wood with composite materials based on natural fibers obtained from fast-growing renewable crops (hemp, willow, flax, etc.) and at the same time a method of assessing the forest areas which can be saved from cutting. The method’s algorithm is based on the estimation of forest area that ensures the annual consumption of wood for the production of furniture, both in the conventional production of furniture and in the unconventional one, where part of the products is made of composites. The agricultural areas required to be cultivated with technical plants to provide the natural fibers necessary for the wood replacement composite were also determined. The case study, based on the data of an upholstered furniture company, shows that replacing only part of the wood for the production of furniture can save about 3000 hectares of beech forests per year and the necessary plant fibers can be obtained from a surface area about 10 to 100 times smaller.

Download Full-text

Ramie-degumming methodologies: A short review

Journal of Engineered Fibers and Fabrics ◽

10.1177/1558925020940105 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 15 ◽

pp. 155892502094010

Author(s):

Lifeng Cheng ◽

Shengwen Duan ◽

Xiangyuan Feng ◽

Ke Zheng ◽

Qi Yang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Raw Materials ◽

Natural Fibers ◽

Short Review ◽

Fiber Spinning ◽

Raw Material ◽

Perennial Herb ◽

Fiber Properties ◽

Ramie Fibers ◽

Fiber Plant ◽

Degumming Process

Ramie ( Boehmeria nivea L.), a perennial herb, is an important bast fiber plant. Its fiber with the advantages of attractive luster, high tenacity, enhanced strength, and good microbial resistivity is well known as the queen of natural fibers. The abundant cellulose fibers in ramie raw materials are stuck tightly by gums consisting of pectic substances, hemicelluloses, and little lignin. The gum should remove from the ramie raw material through degumming process to separate fibers, unveil unique fiber properties, and improve fiber-spinning ability to fulfill textile requirements. Low degumming efficiency and high environmental pollution are the major problems hindering the utilization of ramie fibers. Ramie degumming involves the degradation of pectin and hemicelluloses, which requires chemical, physical, biological treatment, or a combination of several treatments. No stereotyped parameters of the given degumming method have been yet established for the extraction of textile-grade ramie fibers. This review evaluated integrated methodology involving chemical, physical, biological and biochemical methods to degum raw ramie and obtain textile-grade refined fibers.

Download Full-text