Slaked Lime Solution as a Viable Eco-friendly Treatment to Improve the Tensile Strength of Maize Stem Fibers

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
H. Ramasawmy ◽  
J. Chummun ◽  
P. D. Emrith
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Slaked Lime ◽  
Lime Solution

Evaluation of a fat protection method (Ca-soap) with an in vitro gas production system

2006 ◽  
Vol 34 ◽  
pp. 125-129
Author(s):  
H Magaña-Sevilla ◽  
CA Sandoval-Castro ◽  
C. Capetillo-Leal
Keyword(s):  
Soybean Lecithin ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Dietary Fats ◽  
Pennisetum Purpureum ◽  
Protection Method ◽  
Slaked Lime ◽  
Lime Solution ◽  
Sorghum Grain

SummaryAn in vitro gas production technique was used to evaluate a fat protection method (Ca-soap). The Ca-soaps were prepared by incorporation of oil into a slaked lime solution which had been prepared immediately before. The proportions employed were 10:1 (oil:slaked lime). A feed sample of 0.5g was incubated in a N-rich medium, using 6 ml ruminal liquor and 54 ml medium. A factorial design 2x3 (2 inoculum sources from cows fed with and without Ca-soap x 3 diets) was employed. Diets were A) Control: 70% grass (Pennisetum purpureum var. Taiwan), 30% sorghum grain; B) Soybean lecithin: 70% grass, 20% sorghum, 10% Lecithin; and, C) Ca-soap: 70% grass, 20% sorghum 10% Ca-soap (made from lecithin). Total gas production, DM and OM in vitro digestibility were measured. A 10% reduction (approximately) (P<0.05) on IVDMD and IVOMD with the oil diet was found, but no differences were found (P>0.05) between Control and Ca-soap diets. No effect was found due to inoculum source (P>0.05). Compared with the Control diet, the total gas production was reduced (P<0.05) in the oil diet and was intermediate in Ca-soap diet (P>0.05). It was concluded that Ca-soap diets are a source of rumen inert fat for both the in vitro incubation and the animals fed with this supplement. Ca-soap had no effect on IVDMD and IVOMD. In vitro gas production techniques can be useful tools to evaluate dietary fats at ruminal level.

Disinfectant properties of slaked lime with sodium chloride

2020 ◽  
pp. 15-17
Author(s):  
Magomedzapir S. Saypullaev ◽  
◽  
Artigat M. Batyrova ◽  
Tamila B. Mirzoeva ◽  
Ali U. Koychuev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Rough Surfaces ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Hydrated Lime ◽  
Coli Strain ◽  
Aureus Strain ◽  
Foaming Agent ◽  
Slaked Lime ◽  
Lime Solution

The search of new disinfectants with a wide spectrum of antimicrobial activity of low toxicity and not hazardous in use, not requiring of creation of special storage conditions, convenient in use and not adversely affecting on processed items, affordable, is an urgent task of veterinary science. The article presents the results of laboratory tests of new bactericidal compositions, which include: 20% hydrated lime, 1.3 and 5% sodium chloride, as well as foaming agent PO-6K on test surfaces made of stainless steel, galvanized gland, tile, wood and concrete. As a test of microorganisms, museum cultures of E. coli (strain 1257) and Staphylococcus aureus (strain 209-P) were used. During the experiments, disinfection regimes were established (concentration, exposure, consumption of disinfectant) for disinfecting of smooth and rough test surfaces. At the same time, it was found that slaked lime solutions of 10 and 15% concentration did not have disinfecting activity even after triple whitening or irrigation of test surfaces contaminated with E. ooli (strain 1257), St. aureus (strain 209-P) at a rate of 0,5 l/m2 for smooth and 1 l/m2 - for rough surfaces. 20% solution of slaked lime, which destroys only Escherichia coli on smooth surfaces in 3 hours of exposure at the rate of 0,5 l/m2, and rough surfaces in 24 hours of exposure at the rate of 1,0 l/m2, has a disinfecting effect. At the same time, adding 1,3 and 5% sodium chloride to the slaked lime solution, the disinfecting activity of slaked lime also increases sharply; adding to 20% slaked lime 3 and 5% sodium chloride disinfects Escherichia coli and staphylococcus in 3 hours, based on smooth 0,5 l/m2, and for rough surfaces - 1 l/m2. Studies have also found that the addition of 3-5% sodium chloride, 5% foaming agent to 20% slaked lime solution reduces the consumption of the disinfectant in 2 times without reflecting the indicators of disinfection efficiency. When a foaming agent is added to the solution, the resistance (adhesion) of the foam on the vertical and ceiling surfaces increases on 14-18 minutes, and on the floor the foam is held in 1-1,5 hours, which helps to reduce the runoff of the solution.

scholarly journals Mineralogical characteristics of pigments in paints and plasters from the Thracian tomb (3rd century BC) near the village of Dolno Lukovo, Southeast Bulgaria

2020 ◽  
Vol 81 (3) ◽  
pp. 276-278
Author(s):  
Eugenia Tarassova ◽  
Mihail Tarassov ◽  
Georgi Nekhrisov
Keyword(s):  
Clay Material ◽  
Mineral Filler ◽  
Mineralogical Characteristics ◽  
Slaked Lime ◽  
Lime Solution ◽  
Color Depth ◽  
The Village

Pigments used for paints and colored plasters in the Thracian tomb (3-rd BC) near the village of Dolno Lukovo, Ivailovgrad Municipality, Haskovo region, are natural earth pigments (hematite, goethite, plumbojarosite, clay material) and one artificial but easy available pigment – charcoal. All color nuances (rose, orange, violate) and color depth are achieved by mixing pigments. Paints (mixtures of slaked lime solution, mineral filler (calcite) and pigments) are applied on wet freshly plastered fine plaster by fresco technique. Calcite and rarely muscovite crystals in the paint are used as filler and to achieve a glossy paint effect.

DISINFECTION EFFECTIVENESS OF SLAKED LIME WITH NATRIUM CHLORIDE

1970 ◽  
pp. 58-61
Author(s):  
M. S. Saypullaev ◽  
A. M. Batyrova
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Chloride Solution ◽  
Rough Surfaces ◽  
Hydrated Lime ◽  
Smooth Surfaces ◽  
Slaked Lime ◽  
Lime Solution ◽  
And Staphylococcus Aureus

Veterinary practice constantly needs highly effective, environmentally friendly, economically viable, non-specific means of protecting of animals from infectious diseases. It is known that various disinfectants are used for disinfection by irrigation, including: 5% hot solution of soda ash, 3% hot emulsion of disinfecting creolin, 1-2% formaldehyde solution, 2% sodium hydroxide solution, 5% chloramine solution, 1% glutaric solution aldehyde and others, calculation 0.5-1.0 l/m2 of the surface of the objects of veterinary surveillance. The disadvantage of these disinfectants is that many of them are toxic for humans and animals, have very irritating actirn on the respiratory tract, as well as the mucous membranes of the eyes. Also is known a disinfectant calcium hydroxide (slaked lime) of 10-20% concentration for the disinfection of objects of veterinary surveillance. This tool in comparison with the above mentioned is not particularly toxic and environmentally unsafe for the environment. The disadvantage of slaked lime is the low bactericidal activity against infectious diseases of the 1,2,3 category of resistance. It was found that 10% and 15% solutions do not disinfect Escherichia coli (pcs. 1257) and Staphylococcus aureus (pcs. 209 r), and 20% solution of hydrated lime disinfects Escherichia coli only after cross-application in 3 hours on smooth surfaces (stainless steel, galvanized iron, tile) and after 24 hours on rough surfaces (wood, concrete), at the rate of 1.0 l/m2. To increase the bactericidal and disinfection activity, 1.3 and 5% sodium chloride solution was added to a solution of 20% slaked lime. In this case, calcium chloride (CaCl2) and sodium hydroxide (NaOH) are formed, which can increase the disinfection activity by increasing the ionic strength of slaked lime solution. As experiments showed, the addition of 1% solution of sodium chloride in 20% solution of hydrated lime contributed to the disinfection of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus for 3 hours of exposure at rate of 0.5 l/m2, and rough -for 3 hours, at a rate of 1.0 l/m2. When 3% sodium chloride solution was added to 20% slaked lime solution, disinfection of smooth surfaces from Escherichia coli occurred in 1 hour, on rough surfaces in 3 hours at the rate of 0.5 and 1.0 l/m2, respectively. Staphylococcus aureus was disinfected on smooth surfaces in 3 hours at a rate of 0.5 l/m2, and on rough surfaces in 3 hours at a rate of 1.0 l/m2.

Evaluation of Moisture Resistance of Hot-Mix Asphalt Mixture Containing Refined Air-Cooled Slag for Road Pavements

2018 ◽  
Vol 773 ◽  
pp. 271-277
Author(s):  
Kang Hun Lee ◽  
Man Ho Kook ◽  
Dong Ho Ha ◽  
Soo Ahn Kwon ◽  
Moon Sup Lee
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Performance Test ◽  
Asphalt Mixture ◽  
Immersion Test ◽  
Asphalt Mixtures ◽  
Indirect Tensile Strength ◽  
Moisture Resistance ◽  
Coverage Ratio ◽  
Slaked Lime ◽  
Indirect Tensile

Recently, potholes have drawn attention as a major pavement distress. In Korea and other countries, slaked lime is used to improve the moisture resistance of asphalt mixtures in order to prevent road damages by moisture. The present study was conducted to evaluate the moisture resistance of asphalt mixtures containing air-cooled slag having a chemical composition similar to that of slaked lime. To evaluate the moisture resistance of asphalt mixtures containing air-cooled slag, a moisture resistance test that is applied in Korea and other countries was performed. The evaluation of the moisture resistance of asphalt mixtures containing air-cooled slag showed that the coverage ratio measured by the dynamic immersion test was about 80%, which was similar to that of the asphalt mixtures containing slaked lime. In the case of the indirect tensile strength test, the TSR value tends to increase with increasing the air-cooled slag content of the specimens. But the indirect tensile strength was slightly lower in the specimen containing 3% air-cooled slag. The Hamburg wheel tracking test showed that the moisture resistance of the specimens produced in a laboratory and in a plant was good but that of the specimen containing 3% air-cooled slag was slightly lower. The laboratory experiment performed in the present study showed that the moisture resistance was improved by the addition of air-cooled slag, which has a similar composition with slaked lime, to asphalt mixtures. However, when the entire filler of the asphalt mixture was replaced by air-cooled slag, the strength was slightly decreased, indicating that an appropriate amount of air-cooled slag should be added. The applicability of air-cooled slag to asphalt pavement material may need to be studied through a microstructure analysis and a long-term pavement performance test to investigate the mechanism more accurately.

Phase Transformations in Ti-7w/oMo-3w/oMe Alloy

1974 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 514-515
Author(s):  
S. Fujishiro
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Mechanical Processing ◽  
Ray Method ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Water Quench ◽  
Alpha Beta

The mechanical properties of three titanium alloys (Ti-7Mo-3Al, Ti-7Mo- 3Cu and Ti-7Mo-3Ta) were evaluated as function of: 1) Solutionizing in the beta field and aging, 2) Thermal Mechanical Processing in the beta field and aging, 3) Solutionizing in the alpha + beta field and aging. The samples were isothermally aged in the temperature range 300° to 700*C for 4 to 24 hours, followed by a water quench. Transmission electron microscopy and X-ray method were used to identify the phase formed. All three alloys solutionized at 1050°C (beta field) transformed to martensitic alpha (alpha prime) upon being water quenched. Despite this heavily strained alpha prime, which is characterized by microtwins the tensile strength of the as-quenched alloys is relatively low and the elongation is as high as 30%.

A TEM microscopical investigation of the magnetic domain structure of a metastable austenitic stainless steel

1994 ◽  
Vol 52 ◽  
pp. 696-697
Author(s):  
G. Fourlaris ◽  
T. Gladman
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Austenitic Stainless Steel ◽  
Cold Rolling ◽  
Solution Treatment ◽  
Magnetic Domain ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Medium Carbon Steel ◽  
Magnetic Characteristics ◽  
Metastable Austenitic Stainless Steel

Stainless steels have widespread applications due to their good corrosion resistance, but for certain types of large naval constructions, other requirements are imposed such as high strength and toughness , and modified magnetic characteristics.The magnetic characteristics of a 302 type metastable austenitic stainless steel has been assessed after various cold rolling treatments designed to increase strength by strain inducement of martensite. A grade 817M40 low alloy medium carbon steel was used as a reference material.The metastable austenitic stainless steel after solution treatment possesses a fully austenitic microstructure. However its tensile strength , in the solution treated condition , is low.Cold rolling results in the strain induced transformation to α’- martensite in austenitic matrix and enhances the tensile strength. However , α’-martensite is ferromagnetic , and its introduction to an otherwise fully paramagnetic matrix alters the magnetic response of the material. An example of the mixed martensitic-retained austenitic microstructure obtained after the cold rolling experiment is provided in the SEM micrograph of Figure 1.

Morphology of High-Performance Rigid-Rod Polymer Fibers and Molecular Composites

1989 ◽  
Vol 47 ◽  
pp. 338-339
Author(s):  
W.W. Adams ◽  
S. J. Krause
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Liquid Crystalline ◽  
Molecular Level ◽  
Synergistic Effects ◽  
Tensile Modulus ◽  
Commercial Development ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Molecular Composites ◽  
Rigid Rod

Rigid-rod polymers such as PBO, poly(paraphenylene benzobisoxazole), Figure 1a, are now in commercial development for use as high-performance fibers and for reinforcement at the molecular level in molecular composites. Spinning of liquid crystalline polyphosphoric acid solutions of PBO, followed by washing, drying, and tension heat treatment produces fibers which have the following properties: density of 1.59 g/cm3; tensile strength of 820 kpsi; tensile modulus of 52 Mpsi; compressive strength of 50 kpsi; they are electrically insulating; they do not absorb moisture; and they are insensitive to radiation, including ultraviolet. Since the chain modulus of PBO is estimated to be 730 GPa, the high stiffness also affords the opportunity to reinforce a flexible coil polymer at the molecular level, in analogy to a chopped fiber reinforced composite. The objectives of the molecular composite concept are to eliminate the thermal expansion coefficient mismatch between the fiber and the matrix, as occurs in conventional composites, to eliminate the interface between the fiber and the matrix, and, hopefully, to obtain synergistic effects from the exceptional stiffness of the rigid-rod molecule. These expectations have been confirmed in the case of blending rigid-rod PBZT, poly(paraphenylene benzobisthiazole), Figure 1b, with stiff-chain ABPBI, poly 2,5(6) benzimidazole, Fig. 1c A film with 30% PBZT/70% ABPBI had tensile strength 190 kpsi and tensile modulus of 13 Mpsi when solution spun from a 3% methane sulfonic acid solution into a film. The modulus, as predicted by rule of mixtures, for a film with this composition and with planar isotropic orientation, should be 16 Mpsi. The experimental value is 80% of the theoretical value indicating that the concept of a molecular composite is valid.

Variasi Penambahan Sika Cim Dan Fiber Kawat Pada Beton Mutu Fc’ 30 Mpa

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 67-73
Author(s):  
M Zainul Arifin
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Curing Temperature ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Concrete Compressive Strength ◽  
Normal Concrete ◽  
Astm Method ◽  
Additive Type ◽  
Composition Variation ◽  
Compressive Strength Of Concrete

This research was conducted to determine the value of the highest compressive strength from the ratio of normal concrete to normal concrete plus additive types of Sika Cim with a composition variation of 0.25%, 0.50%, 0.75%, 1.00%, 1.25%, 1 , 50% and 1.75% of the weight of cement besides that in this study also aims to find the highest tensile strength from the ratio of normal concrete to normal concrete in the mixture of sika cim composition at the highest compressive strength above and after that added fiber wire with a size diameter of 1 mm in length 100 mm with a ratio of 1% of material weight. The concrete mix plan was calculated using the ASTM method, the matrial composition of the normal concrete mixture as follows, 314 kg / m3 cement, 789 kg / m3 sand, 1125 kg / m3 gravel and 189 liters / m3 of water at 10 cm slump, then normal concrete added variations of the composition of sika cim 0.25%, 0.50%, 0.75%, 1.00%, 1.25%, 1.5%, 1.75% by weight of cement and fiber, the tests carried out were compressive strength of concrete and tensile strength of concrete, normal maintenance is soaked in fresh water for 28 days at 30oC. From the test results it was found that the normal concrete compressive strength at the age of 28 days was fc1 30 Mpa, the variation in the addition of the sika cim additive type mineral was achieved in composition 0.75% of the cement weight of fc1 40.2 Mpa 30C. Besides that the tensile strength test results were 28 days old with the addition of 1% fiber wire mineral to the weight of the material at a curing temperature of 30oC of 7.5%.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document