scholarly journals pH changes in pinosomes and phagosomes in the ameba, Chaos carolinensis.

1982 ◽  
Vol 94 (1) ◽  
pp. 143-149 ◽  
Author(s):  
J M Heiple ◽  
D L Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Acid Solution ◽  
Fluorescence Intensity ◽  
Lysosomal Enzyme ◽  
Acidic Ph ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Ph Changes ◽  
Ingestion Time ◽  
Intensity Ratios ◽  
Free Living Ameba

Changes in pH are measured in pinosomes and phagosomes of single specimens of the giant, free-living ameba, Chaos carolinensis. Measurements of pH are made microfluorometrically, as previously described (Heiple and Taylor. 1980. J. Cell Biol. 86:885-890.) by quantitation of fluorescence intensity ratios (Ex489nm,/Ex452nm, Em520-560nm from ingested fluorescein thiocarbamyl (FTC)-ovalbumin. After 1 h of pinocytosis (induced in acid solution), FTC-ovalbumin is found in predominantly small ( less than or equal to 5 micrometers in diameter), acidic (pH less than or equal to 5.0-6.2) vesicles of various shape and density. As the length of ingestion time increases (up to 24 h), the probe is also found in vesicles of increasing size (up to 100 micrometers in diameter), increasing pH (up to pH approximately 8.0), and decreasing density. Co-localization of fluorescein and rhodamine fluorescence, after a pulse-chase with fluorescein- and rhodamine-labeled ovalbumin, suggests vesicle growth, in part, by fusion. The pH in a single phagosome is followed after ingestion of ciliates in neutral solutions of FTC-ovalbumin. A dramatic acidification (delta pH greater than or equal to - 2.0) begins within 5 min of phagosome formation and appears to be complete in approximately 20 min. Phagosomal pH then slowly recovers to more neutral values over the next 2 h. pH changes observed in more mature populations of pinosomes within a single cell may reflect those occurring within a single phagosome. Phagosomal and pinosomal pH changes may be required for lysosomal fusion and may be involved in regulation of lysosomal enzyme activity.

scholarly journals 354. The Epidemiology and Clinical Features of Acanthamoeba Disease in the United States, 1956–2018

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S246-S246
Author(s):  
Kevin O’Laughlin ◽  
Jennifer R Cope ◽  
Zachary A Marsh
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
The United States ◽  
Severe Illness ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Cutaneous Lesions ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Organ Systems ◽  
Free Living Ameba ◽  
Soil And Water

Abstract Background Acanthamoeba is a free-living ameba found worldwide in soil and water that can cause severe illness. Transmission is thought to be through the skin, eyes, or lungs; Acanthamoeba can cause disseminated infection (Acanthamoeba disease) in addition to the more widely recognized Acanthamoeba keratitis. Infections however are rare, and only case reports or small case series have been published. We review Acanthamoeba disease cases from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) free-living ameba registry to characterize the disease in the United States. Methods CDC maintains a free-living ameba (FLA) registry of laboratory-confirmed Acanthamoeba cases (excluding keratitis) sourced from published case reports, CDC case report forms, and CDC laboratory results. SAS© version 9.4 software was used to calculate descriptive statistics and frequencies. Results We identified 163 cases of Acanthamoeba disease between 1956 and 2018. Of cases with documented outcome, 85% were fatal (105/124). Most (88%) cases were in patients who were immunocompromised (136/155): 66 people living with HIV (of whom 49 were classified as having AIDS); 33 recipients of organ transplantation; 30 people diagnosed with malignancy. The most common manifestation of disease was encephalitis (49%). Other clinical presentations included cutaneous lesions (20%) and rhinosinusitis (6%); 40 cases involved multiple organ systems. Median patient age was 42 years (range 0–83 years). Males accounted for 71% (114/160) of cases. California (29) and Texas (14) had the most case reports; 30 other states reported cases. The source of exposure was unknown in most cases (75%); soil and water were documented in 14 and 17 cases, respectively. Conclusion Acanthamoeba disease in the United States is primarily characterized by encephalitis and cutaneous lesions that affect predominately immunocompromised individuals. Acanthamoeba as a cause of encephalitis in immunocompromised patients should be considered by clinicians, which may lead to earlier diagnosis and treatment. Disclosures All Authors: No reported disclosures

Epidemiology of Free-Living Ameba Infections1

1990 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 25s-33s ◽  
Author(s):  
GOVINDA S. VISVESVARA ◽  
JEANETTE K. STEHR-GREEN
Keyword(s):  
Free Living ◽  
Free Living Ameba

scholarly journals Proteolytische Aktivitäten der lysosomalen Enzyme bei Milchrindern* – 3. Mitteilung: Beziehungen der Energie- und Eiweißversorgung zur lysosomalen Enzymaktivität im Blutplasma beim Milchrind

2000 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-26
Author(s):  
L. Panicke ◽  
J. Weingärtner ◽  
M. Schmidt ◽  
T. Król
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Lysosomal Enzyme ◽  
Enzyme Activities ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Food Ration ◽  
Milk Performance ◽  
Relationship Of

Abstract. Title of the paper: Relationship between lysosomal blood activity and milk content» of urea and protein in different phases of milk production in dairy cows Relationship of lysosomal enzyme activities in blood and supply of energy and protein in dairy cattle were investigated. Closed correlation coefficients were calculated for lysosomal enzyme activity and content of protein and urea in milk. Especially a high or a low content of protein in the food ration affects the lysosomal enzyme activities considerably. A different lysosomal response to equal food supply was gained after deviding the cow stock into different groups regarding performance at a different lactation status. Growth, breed, age, capacity of food intake and milk performance might be influencing factors.

Automated Fluorometric Analysis of Calcium Pantothenate in Multivitamin Preparations

1978 ◽  
Vol 61 (3) ◽  
pp. 720-726
Author(s):  
Ram B Roy ◽  
Anthony Buccafuri
Keyword(s):  
Acid Solution ◽  
Boric Acid ◽  
Fluorescence Intensity ◽  
Analytical Data ◽  
Boric Acid Solution ◽  
Calcium Pantothenate ◽  
Magnesium Trisilicate ◽  
On Line ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Fluorometric Analysis

Abstract An automated fluorometric procedure is described for assaying calcium pantothenate in multivitamin preparations. Sample extracts containing calcium pantothenate are treated on-line with a slurry of magnesium trisilicate which removes any interfering riboflavin that may be present. The nitrate is resampled, mixed online with a slurry of Dowex 50W-X4 (H+) which removes any interfering β-alanine that may be present, and dialyzed. Dialysates are hydrolyzed in an alkaline medium and reacted with a mixture of o-phthalaldehyde and 2-mercaptoethanoI in boric acid solution. The fluorescence intensity due to the formation of a fluorogenic compound is measured at 455 nm after excitation at 350 nm. The procedure developed is capable of analyzing 20 samples/hr. Analytical data indicate that calcium pantothenate is assayed reliably both from real and synthetic multivitamin preparations. The mean recovery of calcium pantothenate added to sample solutions of tablet composites was 95.4%.

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