The Numerical Simulation of the rivalry between aerobic and anaerobic bacteria species in a chemostat model

Six preparations (four liquid and two solid) were tested in a double-blind crossover design for their anti-bacterial effect on aerobic and anaerobic bacteria in saliva of 12 volunteers. The four liquid preparations contained either tyrothricin, hexetidine, hydrogen peroxide or ethanol and were tested against a rinse with water as control. The two solid preparations, in the form of lozenges, contained tyrothricin in doses of 4 or 10 mg and were tested against parafilm. A single rinse with either tyrothricin or hexetidine resulted in a significant reduction of aerobic and anaerobic bacteria in saliva which lasted for the whole 1h observation period and was considerably more effective than hydrogen peroxide or ethanol. Similar results were seen with the solid preparations. The lozenge containing 10 mg tyrothricin was the most effective and was the only formulation capable of reducing oral aerobic bacterial counts by a factor of approximately 100.

Download Full-text

Comparative in vitro activity of ceftaroline, ceftaroline-avibactam, and other antimicrobial agents against aerobic and anaerobic bacteria cultured from infected diabetic foot wounds

Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease ◽

10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2013.03.019 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 76 (3) ◽

pp. 347-351 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

Ellie J.C. Goldstein ◽

Diane M. Citron ◽

C. Vreni Merriam ◽

Kerin L. Tyrrell

Keyword(s):

Diabetic Foot ◽

Antimicrobial Agents ◽

Anaerobic Bacteria ◽

Vitro Activity ◽

In Vitro Activity ◽

Aerobic And Anaerobic

Download Full-text

In Vitro and In Vivo Antibacterial Activities of a Novel Glycylcycline, the 9-t-Butylglycylamido Derivative of Minocycline (GAR-936)

Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy ◽

10.1128/aac.43.4.738 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 43 (4) ◽

pp. 738-744 ◽

Cited By ~ 283

Author(s):

P. J. Petersen ◽

N. V. Jacobus ◽

W. J. Weiss ◽

P. E. Sum ◽

R. T. Testa

Keyword(s):

Anaerobic Bacteria ◽

Tetracycline Resistance ◽

Protective Effects ◽

Gram Negative ◽

E Coli ◽

Resistance Determinants ◽

Aerobic And Anaerobic ◽

Ribosomal Protection

ABSTRACT The 9-t-butylglycylamido derivative of minocycline (TBG-MINO) is a recently synthesized member of a novel group of antibiotics, the glycylcyclines. This new derivative, like the first glycylcyclines, theN,N-dimethylglycylamido derivative of minocycline and 6-demethyl-6-deoxytetracycline, possesses activity against bacterial isolates containing the two major determinants responsible for tetracycline resistance: ribosomal protection and active efflux. The in vitro activities of TBG-MINO and the comparative agents were evaluated against strains with characterized tetracycline resistance as well as a spectrum of recent clinical aerobic and anaerobic gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. TBG-MINO, with an MIC range of 0.25 to 0.5 μg/ml, showed good activity against strains expressing tet(M) (ribosomal protection), tet(A), tet(B),tet(C), tet(D), and tet(K) (efflux resistance determinants). TBG-MINO exhibited similar activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), penicillin-resistant streptococci, and vancomycin-resistant enterococci (MICs at which 90% of strains are inhibited, ≤0.5 μg/ml). TBG-MINO exhibited activity against a wide diversity of gram-negative aerobic and anaerobic bacteria, most of which were less susceptible to tetracycline and minocycline. The in vivo protective effects of TBG-MINO were examined against acute lethal infections in mice caused by Escherichia coli, S. aureus, andStreptococcus pneumoniae isolates. TBG-MINO, administered intravenously, demonstrated efficacy against infections caused byS. aureus including MRSA strains and strains containingtet(K) or tet(M) resistance determinants (median effective doses [ED50s], 0.79 to 2.3 mg/kg of body weight). TBG-MINO demonstrated efficacy against infections caused by tetracycline-sensitive E. coli strains as well asE. coli strains containing either tet(M) or the efflux determinant tet(A), tet(B), ortet(C) (ED50s, 1.5 to 3.5 mg/kg). Overall, TBG-MINO shows antibacterial activity against a wide spectrum of gram-positive and gram-negative aerobic and anaerobic bacteria including strains resistant to other chemotherapeutic agents. The in vivo protective effects, especially against infections caused by resistant bacteria, corresponded with the in vitro activity of TBG-MINO.

Download Full-text

Bacteriological Findings within Internal Implant Hole Following Flapless Implant Placement

Journal of Baghdad College of Dentistry ◽

10.26477/jbcd.v30i3.2525 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 30 (3) ◽

pp. 13-16

Author(s):

Khudair A Abd ◽

Basima G Ali ◽

Abbas S AL-Mizraqchi

Keyword(s):

Health Status ◽

Anaerobic Bacteria ◽

Bacterial Count ◽

Oral Health Status ◽

Viable Count ◽

Screw Hole ◽

Implant Placement ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Edentulous Patients ◽

Aerobic And Anaerobic

Back ground: Microbial penetration inside the implant's internal hole creates a bacterial reservoir that is related with an area of inflamed connective tissue opposite the fixture-abutment junction and this can affect the health of the peri-implant tissue. Aims of the study: Evaluate the types aerobic and anaerobic bacterial count-percentage and difference between Aerobic and Anaerobic microflora in the implant screw hole three months after implant placement. Monitor the periodontal health status of all patients, throughout the study. Material and methods: Study methodology; Eight partially edentulous patients received 20 dental implants and these implants done with flapless surgical procedure. All patients examined clinically to determined their oral health status by examination of their plaque index, Gingival index and Bleeding on probing, each two weeks for 90 days (8visits) throughout the study period. Three months after that, the plaque sample collected from the internal hole of fixture and transfer to bacterial investigation and assessment the amount of anaerobic and aerobic bacteria. Results: Although the anaerobic viable count is higher than that of aerobic, but with statistically not significant difference between those counts (P>0.05). Keywords: screw hole, flapless surgical implant placement, bacterial count, Aerobic and Anaerobic bacteria

Download Full-text

Microbiological, histological, technological, and toxicological preliminary study of dog's canned food

Journal of the Hellenic Veterinary Medical Society ◽

10.12681/jhvms.15756 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 49 (2) ◽

pp. 110

Author(s):

S. RANTOS (Σ. ΡΑΝΤΟΣ) ◽

L. PANTOULAS (Λ. ΠΑΝΤΟΥΛΑΣ) ◽

I. SARAKATSIANOS (Ι. ΣΑΡΑΚΑΤΣΙΑΝΟΣ) ◽

G. ROZOS (Γ. ΡΟΖΟΣ) ◽

N. PAPAIOANNOU (Ν. ΠAΠΑΪΩΑNNOΥ)

Keyword(s):

Connective Tissue ◽

Water Activity ◽

Anaerobic Bacteria ◽

Full Agreement ◽

Canned Food ◽

Lead And Cadmium ◽

Preliminary Study ◽

Soya Proteins ◽

Aerobic And Anaerobic

During this study canned food for dogs of six firms were investigated (42 samples totally). Microbiologically the following parameters were checked: the commercial sterility, the water activity (aw), the pH, the presence of aerobic and anaerobic bacteria after incubation of tins in 25 ° C for 28 days, 32 ° C for 21 days and 55 ' C for 8 days. Histologically, the existence of different kinds of tissues was examined. Technologically Weende's analysis and separation of the tin's content were made. Toxicologically, the concentration of lead and cadmium were countered. The results showed that dog's canned food, in Greece, are supersterillised. Muscular, adipose and connective tissue are used for their production as well as byproducts and soya proteins by some firms. The results of Weende's analysis are in full agreement with the amount of nutriments that they were written on tins' labels.

Download Full-text

Bacteriology of Adenoids and Tonsils in Children with Recurrent Adenotonsillitis

Annals of Otology Rhinology & Laryngology ◽

10.1177/000348940111000908 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 110 (9) ◽

pp. 844-848 ◽

Cited By ~ 38

Author(s):

Itzhak Brook ◽

Kiran Shah

Keyword(s):

Candida Albicans ◽

Haemophilus Influenzae ◽

Mixed Infection ◽

Anaerobic Bacteria ◽

Recurrent Group ◽

Potential Source ◽

History Of ◽

Group A ◽

Aerobic And Anaerobic

Adenoids and tonsils electively removed from 25 children with a history of recurrent group A β-hemolytic streptococci (GABHS) adenotonsillitis were cultured for aerobic and anaerobic bacteria. Two hundred twenty-four organisms (112 aerobes and facultatives, 110 anaerobes, and 2 Candida albicans) were isolated from the tonsils, and 229 (111 aerobes and facultatives and 118 anaerobes) were isolated from the adenoids. Mixed infection was present in all instances, with an average of 9.1 isolates per specimen. The predominant aerobes were Streptococcus sp, Haemophilus influenzae, and GABHS, and the prevalent anaerobes were Peptostreptococcus, Prevotella, and Fusobacterium spp. β-Lactamase-producing bacteria were detected in 72 isolates recovered from 22 tonsils (88%) and in 74 isolates recovered from 21 adenoids (84%). Discrepancies in the organisms recovered were found between the tonsils and adenoids. Of the aerobic isolates, 20% were isolated only in tonsils and 18% only in adenoids. Of the anaerobes, 20% were found only in tonsils and 26% only in adenoids. This study demonstrates a polymicrobial aerobic-anaerobic flora in both adenoids and tonsils, and discrepancies in recovery of pathogens such as GABHS. The adenoids may serve as a potential source of tonsillitis caused by GABHS.

Download Full-text

A Practical Technique for Tympanocentesis for Culturing Aerobic and Anaerobic Bacteria

PEDIATRICS ◽

10.1542/peds.65.3.626 ◽

1980 ◽

Vol 65 (3) ◽

pp. 626-627

Author(s):

Itzhak Brook

Keyword(s):

Middle Ear ◽

Negative Pressure ◽

Anaerobic Bacteria ◽

Acute Otitis Media ◽

Clinical Settings ◽

Middle Ear Fluid ◽

Simplified Method ◽

Medical Indications ◽

Aerobic And Anaerobic

Tympanocentesis is a method frequently used to aspirate middle ear fluid from infected ears. There are some medical indications to perform tympanocentesis in certain clinical settings.1 This procedure could be beneficial in some patients in which determination of the etiology of the acute otitis media and relieving the pain and acute symptoms is of importance. The instrument frequently used by otolaryngologists is the Senturia ear specimen collector (Storz Instrument Company, St Louis) which operates by controlled suctioning using an external negative pressure. A simplified method for performing myringotomy and tumpanocentesis2 that avoids the use of complicated equipment and prevents contamination of the specimen is presented here.

Download Full-text

Antibiotic Sensitivity Pattern of Bacterial Isolates in Patients with Chronic Rhinosinusitis in Kaduna, Nigeria

International Archives of Otorhinolaryngology ◽

10.1055/s-0038-1673676 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 23 (02) ◽

pp. 152-156

Author(s):

Emmanuel Musa ◽

Aliyu Kodiya ◽

Abdullahi Kirfi ◽

Onyekwere Nwaorgu

Keyword(s):

Chronic Rhinosinusitis ◽

Anaerobic Bacteria ◽

Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Bacterial Isolates ◽

Statistical Parameters ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Sensitivity Pattern ◽

Sensitivity Tests ◽

Aerobic And Anaerobic

Introduction A common practice in the management of patients with chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS), the empirical use of antibiotics may contribute to treatment failure and to the development of antimicrobial resistance. Objective To determine the antibiotic sensitivity pattern of aerobic and anaerobic bacteria associated with CRS. Methods This was a prospective cross-sectional study in which endoscopically guided middle meatal swabs (IBM Spss, version 16.0, Chicago, IL, USA) were aseptically taken from patients diagnosed with CRS after obtaining informed consent and ethical clearance. The samples were sent to the laboratory for qualitative and semiquantitative analysis via gram stain, aerobic, anaerobic cultures and antibacterial sensitivity tests. The collected data was analyzed using SPSS for Windows, version 16 (SPSS Inc, Chicago, IL, USA). Simple statistical parameters and paired sample t-test were used, as appropriate. Results There were 74 (56.92%) bacterial growths, out of which 55 (74.32%) were aerobic and 19 (25.68%) were anaerobic isolates, from a total of 130 patients. About 13 (17.5%–18%) of these bacterial growths yielded a mixed growth of aerobic and anaerobic isolates. The most common bacterial isolates were 26 (35.14%) Staphylococcus aureus, Haemophilus influenzae 9 (12.16%), Streptococcus viridians 8 (10.81%), and Streptococcus pneumoniae 5 (6.76%). Augmentin, ciprofloxacin, and Peflacine were found to be most effective, followed by levofloxacin, Rocephin, erythromycin and Zinat in that order. Conclusion Augmentin, ciprofloxacin and Peflacine have a sensitivity of 100%, while most of the organisms show resistance to Ampiclox, amoxicillin, and Septrin.

Download Full-text

Immunoglobulin- and complement-coated bacteria in pus from peritonsillar abscesses

The Journal of Laryngology & Otology ◽

10.1017/s0022215100141301 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 112 (7) ◽

pp. 634-638 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Markus Lilja ◽

Simo Räisänen ◽

Lars-Eric Stenfors

Keyword(s):

Bacterial Species ◽

Bacterial Flora ◽

Anaerobic Bacteria ◽

Inflammatory Cells ◽

Immunofluorescence Assay ◽

Peritonsillar Abscess ◽

Secretory Iga ◽

Intracellular Bacteria ◽

Protective Mechanisms ◽

Aerobic And Anaerobic

AbstractFifty-five samples of pus were collected from 51 acute, non-perforated, two spontaneously ruptured and two recurrent peritonsillar abscesses (35 males and 18 females; median age 18 years) and analysed regarding (i) aerobic and anaerobic bacteria (standard culturing), (ii) morphology of bacteria and inflammatory cells (direct microscopy of acridine orange-stained material), and (iii) the percentage of bacteria coated with immunoglobulins IgG, secretory IgA (SIgA) andIgM and complement cleavage product C3b (immunofluorescence assay). Seventy-one per cent of the abscesses harboured a mixed bacterial flora of various aerobes and anaerobes. In none of the cases with a single bacterial species (27 per cent) could immunoglobulin- or complement-coated bacteria be found. In abscesses with a mixed flora, 18 per cent harboured IgG-coated, 15 per cent SIgA-coated, five per cent IgM-coated and five per cent C3b-coated bacteria, respectively. All pus samples contained inflammatory cells in abundance but they were mostly deformed and only occasionally could intracellular bacteria be recognized. Insufficient immunoglobulin-coating of bacteria might be an important aetiopathogenic factor in the development of a peritonsillar abscess. Bactericide in the abscesses is accomplished chiefly by protective mechanisms not dependent on antigen recognition by antibodies.

Download Full-text