scholarly journals Description and tests of a control system for automatic emergency braking of a car with an algorithm for predicting the adhesion of automobile tires to the road surface

2021 ◽  
Vol 2061 (1) ◽  
pp. 012100
Author(s):  
V V Petin ◽  
A V Keller
Keyword(s):  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Multimedia System ◽  
Main Task ◽  
Driver Assistance ◽  
Adhesion Properties ◽  
The Road ◽  
Emergency Braking ◽  
The World ◽  
Braking Distance ◽  
Automatic Action

Abstract Every year the number of cars in the world is steadily growing, which in turn leads to an increase in road accidents. Russia, as the largest country by area in the world, has a number of traffic-related features that are not typical for other regions, including changing road and climatic conditions. The sharp increase in the number of accidents in the first hours after precipitation is especially noticeable, that indicates the difficulty to adapt to the changing traffic situation for vehicle drivers. More than 60% of collisions, according to the traffic police databases for 2018-2019, occur due to incorrect predictions by drivers of the braking distance of their cars. As a rule, this can happen due to the inexperience of the driver, incorrect assessment of the current adhesion properties of the roadway, distraction to a mobile phone, the climate or multimedia system of the car, movement with insufficient visibility. Preventing collisions occurring in such scenarios is the main task of an intelligent driver assistance system such as the automatic emergency braking system. The main part of this system is an adequate assessment of dynamically changing road and climatic conditions and warning the driver of a possible collision hazard, as well as automatic action on the vehicle’s brake drive to prevent a collision. The article describes control algorithms for assessing and predicting dangerous situations.

scholarly journals Research on Virtual Test of Automobile Automatic Emergency Braking System on Ice-Snow Road

2021 ◽  
Vol 261 ◽  
pp. 02065
Author(s):  
Xianchao Zhu ◽  
Sheng Chang ◽  
Bingtao Li ◽  
Hualei Lu
Keyword(s):  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Simulation Method ◽  
Time To Collision ◽  
The Road ◽  
Injury Reduction ◽  
Emergency Braking ◽  
Virtual Test ◽  
Braking Distance ◽  
On The Road ◽  
Basic Characteristics

In view of the severe weather conditions in cold regions, the basic characteristics and braking distance of ice snow covered pavement are analyzed. This paper uses the PreScan/CarSim/Simulink software co-simulation method to test the automatic emergency braking (AEB) system on ice-snow roads. Through the appropriate adjustment of the time to collision (TTC) threshold, the car makes automatic emergency braking on the road with low friction coefficient system can achieve the effect of collision avoidance and injury reduction.

scholarly journals FEATURES OF ADAPTIVE BRAKE CONTROL OF THE SECONDARY BRAKE SYSTEM OF A MULTI-AXLE VEHICLE

2021 ◽  
pp. 27-37
Author(s):  
Viktor Bogomolov ◽  
Valeriy Klimenko ◽  
Dmytro Leontiev ◽  
Oleksandr Kuripka ◽  
Andrii Frolov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Simulation Model ◽  
Road Safety ◽  
Road Surface ◽  
Brake System ◽  
Technical Literature ◽  
Adhesion Properties ◽  
The Road ◽  
Emergency Braking ◽  
Braking System ◽  
Braking Process

Problem. A malfunction of the service braking system of a wheeled vehicle (CTS) significantly affects road safety, especially when operating multi-axle vehicles with large masses. One of the ways to increase the level of road safety of multi-axle vehicles, when braking them using a spare (emergency) braking system, is the introduction of automated adaptive braking systems into the design of the brake drive of vehicles. The definition of the limits of the use of the adaptive braking system on vehicles with many axles is almost not disclosed in the scientific and technical literature, therefore, the issue of using such a system on vehicles with a large number of axles requires additional research. Purpose. The purpose of this work is to develop a simulation model for adaptive control of the braking process of a multi-axle vehicle using a spare (emergency) braking system, taking into account the simulation of the dynamics of the drive and the variability of the adhesion properties between the tire of the vehicle wheel and the road surface. Methodology. To achieve this goal, it is necessary to develop a simulation model of the brake drive in an adaptive mode, implement a model of the interaction of the tire with the road surface, and implement a model of the braking dynamics of a multi-axle vehicle in the event of a malfunction of its service brake system. Originality. The proposed key criterion (Kr) for changing the throttle section in electro-pneumatic pressure modulators, which provide adaptive air inlet or outlet from the corresponding brake chambers of the drive, during simulation, made it possible to simulate the operation of the drive circuits in the adaptive mode. It has been established that, depending on the potential for the realization of the adhesion between the tires of automobile wheels and the road surface, the pressure in the electro-pneumatic brake drive with its adaptive regulation can be increased by no more than 0.04 MPa.

TO THE QUESTION ABOUT THE THEORETICAL BASIS OF DISTRIBUTION OF BRAKE FORCES WHEN BRAKING A CAR EQUIPPED WITH ABS

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Динь Фыонг Чан ◽  
Тхич Минь Хо
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Basis ◽  
The Road ◽  
Emergency Braking ◽  
Braking System ◽  
Braking Distance ◽  
Braking Control

Антиблокировочная система тормозов (АБС) предназначена предотвратить блокировку колес при торможении и сохранить управляемость автомобиля. Она повышает эффективность торможения, уменьшает длину тормозного пути, позволяет обеспечивать лучшую маневренность на скользкой дороге и управляемость при экстренном торможении. В работе представлен анализ некоторых моментов взаимодействия колеса с дорогой в режиме торможения является. Anti-lock braking system is designed to prevent the wheels from locking when braking and keep the vehicle steerable. The anti-lock braking system improves braking efficiency, shortens the braking distance, provides better maneuverability on slippery roads, and emergency braking control. The paper presents the analysis of some moments of interaction of the wheel with the road in the braking mode.

Experiment role in the world music (based on the «The Road» album of the Ukrainian «Dakha Brakha» band)

2018 ◽  
pp. 215-227
Author(s):  
Iia Fedorova
Keyword(s):  
Folk Music ◽  
World Music ◽  
The Other ◽  
Modern Music ◽  
Musical Practice ◽  
The Road ◽  
Music Practice ◽  
The World ◽  
Binary Oppositions ◽  
Musical Practices

The main objective of this study is the substantiation of experiment as one of the key features of the world music in Ukraine. Based on the creative works of the brightest world music representatives in Ukraine, «Dakha Brakha» band, the experiment is regarded as a kind of creative setting. Methodology and scientific approaches. The methodology was based on the music practice theory by T. Cherednychenko. The author distinguishes four binary oppositions, which can describe the musical practice. According to one of these oppositions («observance of the canon or violation of the canon»), the musical practices, to which the Ukrainian musicology usually classifies the world music («folk music» and «minstrel music»), are compared with the creative work of «Dakha Brakha» band. Study findings. A lack of the setting to experiment in the musical practices of the «folk music» and «minstrel music» separates the world music musical practice from them. Therefore, the world music is a separate type of musical practice in which the experiment is crucial. The study analyzed several scientific articles of Ukrainian musicologists on the world music; examined the history of the Ukrainian «Dakha Brakha» band; presented a list of the folk songs used in the fifth album «The Road» by «Dakha Brakha» band; and showed the degree of the source transformation by musicians based on the example of the «Monk» song. The study findings can be used to form a comprehensive understanding of the world music musical practice. The further studies may be related to clarification of the other parameters of the world music musical practice, and to determination of the experiment role in creative works of the other world music representatives, both Ukrainian and foreign. The practical study value is the ability to use its key provisions in the course of modern music in higher artistic schools of Ukraine. Originality / value. So far, the Ukrainian musicology did not consider the experiment role as the key one in the world music.

EMPOWERING WOMEN THROUGH ENTREPRENEURSHIP: ASPECTS AND APPROACHES

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (01) ◽  
Author(s):  
JAVED ALAM SHEIKH
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Substantial Contribution ◽  
Economic Empowerment ◽  
World Population ◽  
Least Developed Countries ◽  
The Road ◽  
Road Map ◽  
The World ◽  
The Status

Almost 50 per cent of the world population is constituted by the women and they have been making substantial contribution to socio-economic development. But, unfortunately their tremendous contribution remains unrecognized and unnoticed in most of the developing and least developed countries causing the problem of poverty among them. Empowering women has become the key element in the development of an economy. With women moving forward, the family moves, the village moves and the nation moves. Hence, improving the status of women by way of their economic empowerment is highly called for. Entrepreneurship is a key tool for the economic empowerment of women around the world for alleviating poverty. Entrepreneurship is now widely recognized as a tool of economic development in India also. In this paper I have tried to discuss the reasons and role of Women Entrepreneurship with the help of Push and Pull factors. In the last I have also discussed the problems and the road map of Women Entrepreneurs development in India.

Russia in the World Production and Market of Potatoes and Fruit and Vegetable Products

2020 ◽  
pp. 74-83
Author(s):  
Yu.I. Agirbov ◽  
◽  
R.R. Mukhametzyanov ◽  
E.V. Britik ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
World Market ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Global Rating ◽  
Vegetable Production ◽  
World Production ◽  
Fruit And Vegetable ◽  
Vegetable Products ◽  
The World ◽  
Qualitative Changes

In 1961-2018 in the world as a whole, the gross harvest of potatoes increased from 290.6 million tons to 368.2 million tons, that is, 1.36 times. Over the same period, the production of vegetables and food melons increased from 197.7 million tons to 1,088.8 million tons (5.51 times), and fruits and berries from 199.9 million tons to 867.8 million tons (4.34 times). In a number of states in 1992-2018 the corresponding increase significantly exceeded the average values for the world as a whole, as a result of which their place in the global ranking increased, and the positions of some traditional producers of potatoes and fruits and vegetables decreased. For example, in terms of gross harvest of potatoes in 1992, Russia was in first place, and Poland was in third, while in 2018 they were in 4th and 9th positions, respectively. In terms of vegetable production, Italy and Japan were displaced from 4th and 5th places, which were taken by Turkey and Nigeria. In terms of gross harvests of fruits and berries, Turkey occupied the fifth position in total world production by 2018, although in 1992 it belonged to Italy. Quantitative and qualitative changes inevitably have a significant impact on both the volume of the world market and the parameters of international trade in potatoes, vegetables and melons, fruits and berries. Processes in foreign economic liberalization and economic integration contributed to an increase in the specialization and concentration of production of relevant plants in countries with more favorable natural and climatic conditions, as well as a gradual increase in demand for potatoes, vegetables and melons, fruits and berries from a number of states, including those that used to meet the needs of their population in large volumes at the expense of their own producers. The Russian Federation is one of the significant players in the world potato and fruit and vegetable market. Despite the increase in gross fruit and vegetable production in recent years, Russia’s positions in the global rating dropped from 7th to 10th place in vegetables and melons, from 20th to 31st place in fruits and berries. As for potatoes, there was a decrease in the volume of its production, as a result, Russia dropped from 1st place in 1992 to 4th place in 2018.

scholarly journals The Limits of Language as the Limits of the World: Cormac McCarthy’s and David Markson’s Post-Apocalyptic Novels

Text Matters ◽  
2015 ◽  
pp. 62-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paulina Ambroży
Keyword(s):  
Human Values ◽  
The Road ◽  
The World

The article examines the correlation between the world and the word in two novels which engage with a post-apocalyptic scenario: David Markson’s Wittgenstein’s Mistress (1988) and Cormac McCarthy’s The Road (2006). Shifting the focus from the very event of catastrophe to the notion of survival through memory and storytelling, both novels problematize the strained relationship between language and reality in an increasingly diminished and dehumanized world. My aim is to investigate the limits of language as well as its capacity to withstand the chaos, loss, trauma, and death that follow the apocalypse. The issues to be considered include the influence of external experience on forms of communication, the role of central metaphors (the archive and the museum in Markson’s novel; cinders and the road in McCarthy’s) and their relation to the form of both novels, as well as the word’s (in)capacity to preserve human values and hopes. Both novels will be discussed as deconstructionist projects in which language becomes a habitat at once impossible and life-preserving: in Wittgenstein’s Mistress it plays the role of both home and prison, whereas in The Road it functions as messianic discourse which simultaneously carries, propels and extinguishes the human hope for a transcendental reality beyond the post-apocalyptic emptiness and doubt.

Improved AEB algorithm combined with estimating the adhesion coefficient of road ahead and considering the performance of EHB

2021 ◽  
pp. 095440702110261
Author(s):  
Dequan Zeng ◽  
Zhuoping Yu ◽  
Lu Xiong ◽  
Junqiao Zhao ◽  
Peizhi Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Joint Probability ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Safe Distance ◽  
Adhesion Coefficient ◽  
The Road ◽  
Response Characteristics ◽  
Emergency Braking ◽  
Multiple Beams ◽  
Maximum Method

This paper proposes an improved autonomous emergency braking (AEB) algorithm intended for intelligent vehicle. Featuring a combination with the estimation of road adhesion coefficient, the proposed approach takes into account the performance of electronic hydraulic brake. In order for the accurate yet fast estimate of road ahead adhesion coefficient, the expectation maximization framework is applied depending on the reflectivity of ground extracted by multiple beams lidar in four major steps, which are the rough extraction of ground points based on 3 σ criterion, the accurate extraction of ground points through principal component analysis (PCA), the main distribution characteristics of ground as extracted using the expectation maximum method (EM) and the estimation of road adhesion coefficient via joint probability. In order to describe the performance of EHB, the response characteristics, as well as the forward and adverse models of both braking pressure and acceleration are obtained. Then, with two typical roads including single homogeneous road and fragment pavement, the safe distance of improved AEB is modeled. To validate the algorithm developed in this paper, various tests have been conducted. According to the test results, the reflectivity of laser point cloud is effective in estimating the road adhesion coefficient. Moreover, considering the performance of EHB system, the improved AEB algorithm is deemed more consistent with the practicalities.

Road Safety at Ghats using IoT

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (VII) ◽  
pp. 132-136
Author(s):  
Alaparthi Maneesha
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Cause Of Death ◽  
Road Safety ◽  
Led Light ◽  
The Road ◽  
The World

This paper describes how to overcome accidents at Ghat roads. In the developing countries accident is the major cause of death. If we look at the top 10 dangerous roads in the world we can see that all of them are mountain roads and curve roads. In the mountain roads there will be tight curves and the roads will be narrow. In these kinds of situations the driver of a vehicle cannot see vehicles coming from opposite side. Thousands of people lose their lives each year because of this problem. The solution to this problem is developing the Aurdino based project to provide safe and secure journey while travelling to the Ghat roads, Hill Stations, etc. It is provided by alerting the driver about the vehicle coming from opposite side. This is done by keeping a sensor in one side of the road before the curve and keeping a LED light after the curve, so that if vehicle comes from one end of the curve sensor senses and LED light glows at the opposite side. By looking at the LED light on/off criteria driver can become alert and can slow down the speed of the vehicle.

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