scholarly journals Systemization of Indicators for Assessing the Impact of Power Engineering Facilities on the Environment of the Arctic Zone in Yakutia

2021 ◽  
Vol 2096 (1) ◽  
pp. 012139
Author(s):  
N A Nikolaeva
Keyword(s):  
Landscape Structure ◽  
Industrial Development ◽  
Mineral Resources ◽  
Economic Consequences ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Schematic Model ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Arctic Zone ◽  
The North ◽  
The Impact

Abstract The development of mineral resources in the Arctic zone of Yakutia is followed by a progressively increasing impact on the environment. Under these conditions, it is necessary to develop such directions for reducing the negative consequences of industrial development that could support the entire ecosystem of the North in a balanced state in strict accordance with the laws of structure, processes and changes in the landscape structure. This can provide a complex geoecological approach that involves a systematic study of the relationships between both natural and man-made objects. In general, this approach is based on the study of the impact processes of athropogenic activities on the environment, changes in the environment and consequences that affect natural and social conditions. Under conditions of extremely low resistance of natural landscapes to any impacts, it is necessary to assess and search for directions reducing the consequences of industrial development. In this regard, a schematic model of indicators systematization of environmental and socio-economic consequences of the functioning of energy supply facilities is developed on the example of the Yana, Indigirka and Kolyma river basins in accordance with the laws of structure, processes and changes in the landscape structure.

Healthcare System in the Arctic Zone of Russia. Known and Emerging Issues and Solutions to Them

2019 ◽  
pp. 3-20
Author(s):  
V.N. Leksin
Keyword(s):  
Metallurgical Industry ◽  
Healthcare Services ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Russian Arctic ◽  
Arctic Zone ◽  
Shift Workers ◽  
The North ◽  
Medical Institutions ◽  
Emerging Issues ◽  
The Impact

The impact on healthcare organization on the territory of Russian Arctic of unique natural and climatic, demographic, ethnic, settlement and professional factors of influencing the health of population, constantly or temporarily living on this territory is studied. The necessity is substantiated of various forms and resource provision with healthcare services such real and potential patients of Arctic medical institutions, as representatives of indigenous small peoples of the North, workers of mining and metallurgical industry, military personnel, sailors and shift workers. In this connection a correction of a number of All-Russian normative acts is proposed.

scholarly journals Gender-specific perceptions of environmental problems by the indigenous peoples of the North of Russia

POPULATION ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 72-84
Author(s):  
Evgenia V. Potravnaya
Keyword(s):  
Indigenous Peoples ◽  
Industrial Development ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Environmental Problems ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Full Account ◽  
Mining Companies ◽  
The North ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Gender Specific

The article deals with gender aspects of the perception of environmental problems by the population in the industrial development of the Arctic. There is substantiated the need to develop an ethno-social approach to the study of environmental problems in the framework of interaction between mining companies and the indigenous peoples of the North. It is proposed to conduct sociological surveys of the population when assessing the impact on the ethnological environment (ethnological expertise of the project). The experience of conducting such research to identify and assess gender-specific perceptions of environmental problems in the implementation of investment projects in the Arctic is shown. Based on the results of the empirical research in 2017–2019 on alluvial gold and diamond mining projects in the Northern regions of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia), the main environmental problems that concern the local population are identified. These include: pollution of the environment in the territories of traditional nature use, decrease in the number of deer, reduction in the number of objects of traditional crafts, lack of a system for garbage removal and processing, climate change, and others. The article shows specifics of the environmental problems perception by the indigenous inhabitants of the North (Evenks, Dolgans, Yukagirs, Sakha) on a gender basis. It proposes a mechanism for taking into account the gender characteristics of the population’s behavior in the impact of economic activities on the environment in order to ensure gender equality by signing an agreement between mining companies and the local population on the socio-economic development of the territory. The concept of a gender approach to the account of ethnosocial and environmental aspects of territory development with the account the life cycle of the project is substantiated. Implementation of this approach will allow a more full account of the interests and needs of the indigenous population in the industrial development of the territory in the Arctic.

A correlation analysis of the relationship between the indicators of traditional activities and the population of the Arctic zone in the Sakha Republic (Yakutia)

2021 ◽  
pp. 20-26
Author(s):  
Е.В. РОМАНОВА ◽  
Н.В. ХАРАЙДАНОВ
Keyword(s):  
Correlation Analysis ◽  
Indigenous Peoples ◽  
Industrial Development ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Arctic Zone ◽  
Sakha Republic ◽  
The North ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Relationship

В статье представлены результаты корреляционного анализа взаимосвязи показателей численности населения Арктической зоны республики и результатов традиционного хозяйствования, которые для населения являются жизнеобеспечивающими. Стратегическое развитие Арктической зоны России и в том числе Республики Саха (Якутия) нацелено на создание опорных зон развития, формирование которых должно носить комплексный характер, учитывающий и промышленное освоение территорий, и защиту уклада жизни малочисленных коренных народов Севера. При этом статистика народонаселения свидетельствует о сокращении численности населения. Поэтому в статье была принята гипотеза о взаимосвязи показателей численности населения и показателей традиционного хозяйствования, среди которых были выбраны показатели поголовья северных оленей, крупного рогатого скота и лошадей. Для анализа взаимосвязей была использована эмпирическая база статистических данных за период 2017-2019 гг. по 13-ти арктическим районам (улусам) Арктической зоны Республики Саха (Якутия). Для проведения корреляционного анализа предварительно была изучена вариация по значениям показателей. Высокий уровень вариации показателей может быть объяснен тем фактом, что территория Арктической зоны республики достаточно обширна, включает 13 муниципальных районов, для каждого из которых характерен тот или иной вид хозяйствования. Корреляционный анализ включал расчет линейных парных коэффициентов корреляции за каждый год исследуемого периода. Значения коэффициентов корреляции показали, что взаимосвязь существует и имеет умеренно-сильный характер только по показателям поголовья КРС и лошадей, а по показателю поголовья северных оленей взаимосвязь не подтвердилась. В дополнение к показателям корреляции были рассчитаны коэффициенты эластичности, которые подтвердили данные выводы. Результаты исследования могут быть использованы для повышения степени информированности органов государственной и местной власти в части разработки и реализации государственных мероприятий по освоению Севера России. The article presents the results of a correlation analysis of the relationship between the indices of the number of indigenous peoples of northern Yakutia and the results of traditional management, which are life-supporting for the population of the Arctic zone of the republic. The strategic development of the Russian Arctic zone, including the Sakha Republic (Yakutia), is aimed at creating supporting development zones, the formation of which should be of an integrated nature, taking into account both the industrial development of territories and the protection of the way of life of the indigenous peoples of the North. At the same time, the population statistics indicate a decline in the population. Therefore, the article adopted a hypothesis about the relationship between population indicators and indicators of traditional farming (the number of reindeer, cattle, and horses). To analyze the relationships, we used an empirical database of statistical data for the period 2017-2019 for 13 Arctic districts (uluses) of the Arctic zone of the Sakha Republic (Yakutia). To carry out the correlation analysis, the variation in the values ​​of the indicators was preliminarily studied. The high level of variation in indicators can be explained by the fact that the territory of the Arctic zone of the republic is quite extensive, including 13 municipal districts, each of which is characterized by one or another type of management. The correlation analysis included the calculation of linear paired correlation coefficients for each year of the study period. The values ​​of the correlation coefficients showed that the relationship exists and has a moderately strong character only in terms of the number of cattle and horses; in terms of the number of reindeer, the relationship was not confirmed. In addition to the correlation measures, elasticity coefficients were calculated, which confirmed these conclusions. The results of the study can be used to increase the awareness of state and local authorities in terms of the development and implementation of state measures for the development of the North of Russia.

scholarly journals Damage Compensation for Indigenous Peoples in the Conditions of Industrial Development of Territories on the Example of the Arctic Zone of the Sakha Republic

Resources ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Burtseva Evdokia ◽  
Bysyina Anna
Keyword(s):  
Indigenous Peoples ◽  
Industrial Development ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Far East ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Polar Regions ◽  
Arctic Zone ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
The North

In the Sakha (Yakutia) Republic, hereinafter SR, the Arctic zones are the original habitat of indigenous peoples, who can conduct economic activities only in undisturbed or lightly disturbed lands. From this point of view, the problem of compensation for losses of indigenous peoples as a result of industrial development of territories is of particular relevance. At the same time, it is necessary to identify the main problems of indemnification of losses of the indigenous small-numbered peoples of the North (ISNPN) during the industrial development of the traditional natural resource management territories (TNRMT). The study was conducted using historical, geographical, analytical, synthetic, and statistical methods. In the Arctic zone, the diamond mining, gold mining, and coal mining industrial facilities are located inside TNRM areas. In the near future, it is planned to revive the tin industry, develop oil and gas fields on the continental Arctic shelf, and develop the Tomtor Complex Rare-Earth Deposit. In 2010, a law of the SR was passed: “On Ethnological Expertise in the Places of Traditional Residence and Traditional Economic Activities of the Peoples of the SR”. To date, in the ethnological examination of SR, we have investigated 13 investment business projects. In the course of the investigation, it turned out that most of the comments from both experts and tribal communities concern the section of compensation for damages. The official methodology developed on materials from the polar regions of the western part of Russia cannot be extrapolated to the entire territory of the North, Siberia, and the Far East. It is necessary to develop regional methods for calculating losses of indigenous peoples, which regulate the interaction of subsoil users with the authorities and representatives of the clan communities engaged in traditional crafts.

SOCIOLOGICAL EVALUATION OF THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC AS A FACTOR INFLUENCING THE SELF-DEVELOPMENT PROCESSES OF THE TERRITORIAL COMMUNITIES IN THE NORTH AND THE ARCTIC

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (10) ◽  
pp. 58-70
Author(s):  
Irina A. Gushchina ◽  
◽  
Dmitry L. Kondratovich ◽  
Olga A. Polozhentseva ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Negative Impact ◽  
Medical Personnel ◽  
Economic Consequences ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Financial Resources ◽  
Sociological Research ◽  
Existing Problems ◽  
The North ◽  
Self Development ◽  
The Impact

The article presents the results of the sociological research (expert survey of the heads of municipalities of the Far North and the Arctic) on the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the processes of self-development of territorial communities of the North and the Arctic. The most acute problems of socio-economic development were identified (lack of financial resources and investment budget revenues, housing and utilities operations, logistical problems, poor transport accessibility, etc.) Against the background of al-ready existing problems, the negative impact of COVID-19 was assessed, which manifested primarily in the lack of financial resources, shortage of medical personnel, weak material and technical base of healthcare system. The experts' assessments indicating significant losses in the sphere of small and medium business were revealed, the measures suggested by the experts for overcoming social and economic consequences of the pandemic COVID-19 were grouped.

The Impact of Sanctions on North Korea’s Foreign Trade from the Perspective of the Comparative Advantage Theory

2019 ◽  
pp. 4-15
Author(s):  
I. A. Korgun ◽  
G. D. Toloraya
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Trade ◽  
Competitive Advantage ◽  
National Economy ◽  
North Korea ◽  
Rent Seeking ◽  
Economic Transformation ◽  
Global Trade ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
The North ◽  
The Impact

The presented study analyzes the opportunities for North Korea to capitalize on its competitive advantages in foreign trade in the context of sanctions.Aim. The study aims to identify mechanisms that allow North Korea to engage in foreign trade in circumvention of UN sanctions and to analyze their impact on the national economy.Tasks. The authors analyze the structure of North Korea’s national economy, its initial competitive advantage, identify the specific features of North Korea’s foreign trade in the context of sanctions, and determine the consequences of illicit trade in circumvention of sanctions for the national economy.Methods. This study uses an interdisciplinary approach that combines the classical theory of competitive advantage with the concept of rent seeking, with the concept of rent seeking and analysis of trade flows.Results. The study shows that, despite the restrictions imposed by sanctions, North Korea strives to make the most of its advantages, such as resource availability and cheap labor, in global trade. The country builds its own export-import chains in circumvention of sanctions. These chains are rather mobile, flexible, and controlled by the elite. As a result, benefits from trade that could be evenly distributed among the population are concentrated in the hands of a narrow segment of society. ‘Rent seeking’ makes it possible to formulate the negative consequences of these processes for the North Korean economy and the international community.Conclusions. Solving the North Korean issue requires an economic transformation in the country through the replacement of restrictive sanctions with more constructive ones. The exclusion of North Korea from open global trade leads to the country’s marginalization and impairs the transparency of international commodity flows.

scholarly journals Holocene polynya dynamics and their interaction with oceanic heat transport in northernmost Baffin Bay

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca Jackson ◽  
Anna Bang Kvorning ◽  
Audrey Limoges ◽  
Eleanor Georgiadis ◽  
Steffen M. Olsen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sediment Cores ◽  
Active Role ◽  
Atlantic Water ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Baffin Bay ◽  
The North ◽  
North Water ◽  
History Of ◽  
Ocean Conditions

AbstractBaffin Bay hosts the largest and most productive of the Arctic polynyas: the North Water (NOW). Despite its significance and active role in water mass formation, the history of the NOW beyond the observational era remains poorly known. We reconcile the previously unassessed relationship between long-term NOW dynamics and ocean conditions by applying a multiproxy approach to two marine sediment cores from the region that, together, span the Holocene. Declining influence of Atlantic Water in the NOW is coeval with regional records that indicate the inception of a strong and recurrent polynya from ~ 4400 yrs BP, in line with Neoglacial cooling. During warmer Holocene intervals such as the Roman Warm Period, a weaker NOW is evident, and its reduced capacity to influence bottom ocean conditions facilitated northward penetration of Atlantic Water. Future warming in the Arctic may have negative consequences for this vital biological oasis, with the potential knock-on effect of warm water penetration further north and intensified melt of the marine-terminating glaciers that flank the coast of northwest Greenland.

scholarly journals Seasonality of consumption of traditional products of reindeer husbandry and river fishing by indigenous people of the Arctic zone of Western Siberia in the context of climate change

2021 ◽  
Vol 100 (6) ◽  
pp. 610-616
Author(s):  
Sergey V. Andronov ◽  
Andrey A. Lobanov ◽  
Irina V. Kobel’kova ◽  
Andrey I. Popov ◽  
Luo Luo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Industrial Development ◽  
Western Siberia ◽  
Local Food ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Arctic Zone ◽  
Annual Consumption ◽  
The Russian Federation

Introduction. The nutrition of the Nenets in the Arctic zone of Western Siberia is mainly based on traditional products (raw (thermally unprocessed) local fish and venison), which is the most important factor of survival in the Arctic. Storing up food products for an extended period is not relevant for the Nenets. Climate change and industrial development in the Arctic primarily affect the seasonality of consumption. Changing the calendar of fish and venison harvesting leads to greater use of imported and canned local food, increasing the length of the periods when local food completely disappears from the diet of the Nenets. Material and methods. During the expeditions to the national villages of the Yamal-Nenets Autonomous Okrug, cross-sectional screening studies were performed, in which 985 Nenets people took part. Nutritional analysis was conducted using the questionnaire method based on an album of portions and dishes. Retrospective information was collected on the seasonality of consumption of reindeer products and local fisheries (the length of the period when unserved fish and venison are available). Results. The consumption of reindeer and river fishery products is seasonal. The duration of the season of venison consumption was from 150±14.0 to 180±21.0, and raw fish - from 120±14.0 to 200±21.0 days. Despite the high level of consuming reindeer products per season, the average annual consumption of venison by Nenets in the Arctic zone of Western Siberia was 240 g/day/person that is less than in the central regions of the Russian Federation and industrially developed countries. In the studied area, the average annual consumption of fish (171.5 g/day/person) is three times higher than the average consumption in the Russian Federation. However, increased consumption of traditional food is typically only during the season of fishing or slaughtering reindeer. The average annual consumption reduced; during the off-season, the share of easily digestible carbohydrates in the diet increased. Conclusion. The creation of fish and venison stocks in villages and their year-round sale to the population is a necessary step in ensuring the food security of the Nenets people.

scholarly journals Social Investing Modeling for Sustainable Development of the Russian Arctic

2022 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 933
Author(s):  
Andrey Novoselov ◽  
Ivan Potravny ◽  
Irina Novoselova ◽  
Violetta Gassiy
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Industrial Development ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Expert Assessment ◽  
Sociological Research ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Social Investment ◽  
Investment Projects ◽  
Social Investing ◽  
The Social

The method of the social investing of the Arctic subsoil users is considered in this article. As the portfolio of social investments is formed based on the interests of indigenous peoples, the authors used expert assessment and sociological research for social investing modeling. A two-stage procedure for forming a portfolio of such projects is proposed. An approach has also been developed for assessing and selecting investment projects for the Arctic sustainable development according to different criteria of optimality. The authors substantiate the need for a new approach to sustainable development of the Arctic, based not on compensation for the negative consequences of industrial development used in many countries, but on social investment. In this article the proposed approach is tested on the case of the Arctic indigenous community in Taimyr and the optimal social investing portfolio is justified.

scholarly journals 'Greenfields' and 'Brownfields': automotive industrial development in the UK and in Portugal

Finisterra ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 31 (62) ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Pike ◽  
Mário Vale
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Policy ◽  
Automobile Industry ◽  
Industrial Development ◽  
Development Strategies ◽  
North West ◽  
Demonstration Effect ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Impact

The industrial policy in the UK and in Portugal, as in most EU countries, seeks to attract new investment capacity, to create jobs and to promote the impact of the so-called "demonstration efect" of "greenfield" development strategies pursued in the new plants of inward investors on existing or "brownfield" plants. This industrial policy focus is particularly evident in the automobile industry.This paper compares the industrial policy oriented towards the automobile industry in the UK and in Portugal. Two recent "greenfield" investments are analised: Nissan in the North-East region (UK) and Ford/VW in the Setúbal Peninsula (Portugal), as well as three "brownfield" plants: Ford Halewood and GM Vauxhall Ellesmere Port in the North-West region (UK) and Renault in Setúbal (Portugal). The first part starts with a discussion of industrial policy in the automobile sector, the role of "greenfield" development strategies and the "demonstration effect" on "brownfield" plants. Then, the limits of new inward investment are pointed out, basically their problems and restrictions. Afterwards, the structural barriers to the "demonstration effect" within "brownfield" plants are outlined and some possabilities for alternative "brownfield" development strategies are presented.

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