Concrete Corrosion Mechanism and Durability Design of Municipal Sewerage

In order to supply basic principles for durability design of concrete structures, the corrosion mechanism of concrete structures under common atmospheric environment was analyzed. The climatic condition of temperature (T) and relative humidity (RH) which has important impacts on concrete carbonation, was chosen as main factors to grade. On the basis of partition for the influence degrees of temperature and relative humidity on the concrete carbonation, the environmental action in concrete structures was classified with a comprehensive evaluation method. The results show that both temperature and relative humidity can be partitioned into five grades. The concrete carbonation is classified into five grades according to influencing factors of temperature and relative humidity to concrete carbonation levels. The carbonation depth which is calculated with the average of positive temperature and relative humidity is taken as the control index of classification.

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CARBONATION INDUCED CORROSION ANALYSIS OF REINFORCED CONCRETE STRUCTURES BASED ON FULL PROBABILISTIC APPROACH – AN INDONESIAN CASE STUDY

Malaysian Journal of Sustainable Environment ◽

10.24191/myse.v4i1.5612 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

pp. 165

Author(s):

Herry Prabowo ◽

Mochamad Hilmy

Keyword(s):

Service Life ◽

Probabilistic Approach ◽

Concrete Structures ◽

Weather Condition ◽

Analysis Data ◽

National Standard ◽

Concrete Carbonation ◽

Durability Design ◽

Starting Point ◽

Real Performance

The assessment of the service life of concrete structures using the durability design approach is widely accepted nowadays. It is really encouraged that a simulation model can resemble the real performance of concrete during the service life. This paper investigates the concrete carbonation through probabilistic analysis. Data regarding Indonesian construction practice were taken from Indonesian National Standard (SNI). Meanwhile, data related to Indonesian weather condition for instance humidity and temperature are taken from local Meteorological, Climatological, and Geophysical Agency from 2004 until 2016. Hopefully the results can be a starting point for durability of concrete research in Indonesia.

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Experimental Investigation of the Corrosion Mechanism of Cemented Soils in Magnesium Sulfate Solution

Materials Testing ◽

10.3139/120.110616 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 56 (9) ◽

pp. 675-680 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Pengju Han ◽

Y. Frank Chen ◽

Bozhu Shen ◽

David Y. Du

Keyword(s):

Experimental Investigation ◽

Magnesium Sulfate ◽

Sulfate Solution ◽

Corrosion Mechanism ◽

Cemented Soils ◽

Magnesium Sulfate Solution

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An Overview of Cu Wire Intermetallic Compound Formation and a Corrosion Failure Mechanism

ISTFA 2012: Conference Proceedings from the 38th International Symposium for Testing and Failure Analysis ◽

10.31399/asm.cp.istfa2012p0310 ◽

2012 ◽

Author(s):

Dongmei Meng ◽

Laura Buck ◽

James Cargo

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽

Corrosion Mechanism ◽

Fundamental Study ◽

Corrosion Failure ◽

Transmission Electron ◽

Intermetallic Compound Formation ◽

Scanning Transmission ◽

Low K

Abstract Cu needs a higher level of ultrasound combined with bonding force to be bonded to the Al pad properly, not just because Cu is harder than Au, but it is also harder to initiate intermetallic compounds (IMC) formation during bonding. This increases the chances of damaging the metal/low k stack under the bondpad. This paper presents a fundamental study of IMC as well as one example of a failure mode of Cu/Al bonded devices, all based on detailed analysis using scanning electron microscopy, scanning transmission electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectrometers, and transmission electron microscopy. It presents a case study showing a corrosion mechanism of Cu/Al ballbond after 168hr UHAST stress. It is observed that all Cu9Al4 was consumed, while very little copper aluminide remained after 168 hours of UHAST stressing.

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Unique Autoclave Stress Induced Failure Mechanism

ISTFA 2005: Conference Proceedings from the 31st International Symposium for Testing and Failure Analysis ◽

10.31399/asm.cp.istfa2005p0427 ◽

2005 ◽

Author(s):

John Butchko ◽

Bruce T. Gillette

Keyword(s):

Corrosion Rate ◽

Grain Boundary ◽

Failure Analysis ◽

Failure Mechanism ◽

Metal Corrosion ◽

Corrosion Mechanism ◽

Reliability Testing ◽

Process Change ◽

Transistor Reliability ◽

Pass Through

Abstract Autoclave Stress failures were encountered at the 96 hour read during transistor reliability testing. A unique metal corrosion mechanism was found during the failure analysis, which was creating a contamination path to the drain source junction, resulting in high Idss and Igss leakage. The Al(Si) top metal was oxidizing along the grain boundaries at a faster rate than at the surface. There was subsurface blistering of the Al(Si), along with the grain boundary corrosion. This blistering was creating a contamination path from the package to the Si surface. Several variations in the metal stack were evaluated to better understand the cause of the failures and to provide a process solution. The prevention of intergranular metal corrosion and subsurface blistering during autoclave testing required a materials change from Al(Si) to Al(Si)(Cu). This change resulted in a reduced corrosion rate and consequently prevented Si contamination due to blistering. The process change resulted in a successful pass through the autoclave testing.

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Corrosion mechanism of sulfate, chloride, and tetrafluoroborate ions interacted with Ni-19 wt% Cr coating: A combined experimental study and molecular dynamics simulation

Journal of Molecular Liquids ◽

10.1016/j.molliq.2020.114243 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 319 ◽

pp. 114243 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Zhina Razaghi ◽

Milad Rezaei

Keyword(s):

Molecular Dynamics ◽

Experimental Study ◽

Molecular Dynamics Simulation ◽

Dynamics Simulation ◽

Corrosion Mechanism ◽

Cr Coating

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New Corrosion Mechanism Observed at Ag/Al Metallization of n-type Bifacial Solar Cells

2020 47th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC) ◽

10.1109/pvsc45281.2020.9300672 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Taeko Semba

Keyword(s):

Solar Cells ◽

Corrosion Mechanism ◽

Al Metallization

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Corrosion of ternary borosilicate glass in acidic solution studied in operando by fluid-cell Raman spectroscopy

npj Materials Degradation ◽

10.1038/s41529-021-00182-5 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Christoph Lenting ◽

Thorsten Geisler

Keyword(s):

Raman Spectroscopy ◽

Nuclear Waste ◽

Numerical Models ◽

Adsorbed Water ◽

Corrosion Mechanism ◽

Borosilicate Glasses ◽

Long Term Storage ◽

In Operando ◽

High Level ◽

Fluid Cell

AbstractFluid-cell Raman spectroscopy is a space and time-resolving application allowing in operando studies of dynamic processes during solution–solid interactions. A currently heavily debated example is the corrosion mechanism of borosilicate glasses, which are the favoured material for the immobilization of high-level nuclear waste. With an upgraded fluid-cell lid design made entirely from the glass sample itself, we present the polymerization of the surface alteration layer over time in an initially acidic environment, including the differentiation between pore and surface-adsorbed water within it. Our results support an interface-coupled dissolution-precipitation model, which opposes traditional ion-exchange models for the corrosion mechanism. A sound description of the corrosion mechanism is essential for reliable numerical models to predict the corrosion rate of nuclear waste glasses during long-term storage in a geological repository.

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Effect of Oxide Scale Microstructure on Atmospheric Corrosion Behavior of Hot Rolled Steel Strip

Coatings ◽

10.3390/coatings11050517 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (5) ◽

pp. 517

Author(s):

Bin Sun ◽

Lei Cheng ◽

Chong-Yang Du ◽

Jing-Ke Zhang ◽

Yong-Quan He ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Corrosion Resistance ◽

Oxide Scale ◽

Corrosion Product ◽

Corrosion Behavior ◽

Corrosion Test ◽

Atmospheric Corrosion ◽

Corrosion Mechanism ◽

Type I ◽

Rust Layer ◽

Hot Rolled

The atmospheric corrosion behavior of a hot-rolled strip with four types (I–IV) of oxide scale was investigated using the accelerated wet–dry cycle corrosion test. Corrosion resistance and porosity of oxide scale were studied by potentiometric polarization measurements. Characterization of samples after 80 cycles of the wet–dry corrosion test showed that scale comprised wüstite and magnetite had strongest corrosion resistance. Oxide scale composed of inner magnetite/iron (>70%) and an outer magnetite layer had the weakest corrosion resistance. The corrosion kinetics (weight gain) of each type of oxide scale followed an initial linear and then parabolic (at middle to late corrosion) relationship. This could be predicted by a simple kinetic model which showed good agreement with the experimental results. Analysis of the potentiometric polarization curves, obtained from oxide coated steel electrodes, revealed that the type I oxide scale had the highest porosity, and the corrosion mechanism resulted from the joint effects of electrochemical behavior and the porosity of the oxide scale. In the initial stage of corrosion, the corrosion product nucleated and an outer rust layer formed. As the thickness of outer rust layer increased, the corrosion product developed on the scale defects. An inner rust layer then formed in the localized pits as crack growth of the scale. This attacked the scale and expanded into the substrate during the later stage of corrosion. At this stage, the protective effect of the oxide scale was lost.

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