Technical means for disinfection and processing of bedding manure into organic fertilizers

Abstract Organic waste from agricultural production, bedding manure of cattle, pigs, sheep, horses, chickens and poultry litter when kept in cages are the main components for the production of organic fertilizers and biogas production. Waste of grain, cereal crops and sugar beets should be used as components for reducing moisture during aeration in piles, houses and bioreactors. Fresh organic waste should be stored on the sites in piles, where, before being processed in aeration houses and bioreactors, they must go through a mesophilic period. Fresh organic waste, when introduced into the soil in the first year, negatively affects the growth and development of plants, therefore, it must be disinfected and processed into organic fertilizers and biogas. Currently, the lack of knowledge about the methods of disinfection and processing of agricultural waste requires the development of new technological and technical solutions.

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The Ecological Status of Livestock and Poultry in the Border Regions of Russia and South-East Finland

Agricultural machinery and technologies ◽

10.22314/2073-7599-2020-14-1-4-9 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 14 (1) ◽

pp. 4-9

Author(s):

A. Yu. Bryukhanov ◽

H. Huhta ◽

E. V. Shalavina ◽

E. A. Vorobyeva ◽

N. S. Vasileva

Keyword(s):

Agricultural Production ◽

Organic Waste ◽

Agricultural Land ◽

Ecological Status ◽

Organic Fertilizers ◽

Small Scale ◽

Agricultural Activity ◽

Leningrad Region ◽

Industrial Complex ◽

Scale Production

Intensifi cation of agricultural production increases the burden on the environment. Modern management and planning of agricultural activity requires a comprehensive assessment of the environmental status of the industry. (Research purpose) To develop recommendations for improving the environmental safety of agricultural production based on the implementation of the best available technologies, methods for monitoring and controlling technological processes for the disposal of organic animal waste. (Materials and methods) The authors studied agricultural enterprises, their specialization and production capacities, technologies for manure and litter utilization. The studies included an assessment of enterprises according to the criteria approved in the recommendations of Helsinki Commission for the Baltic Sea. The authors used standard methods for processing statistical, fi eld and personal data. (Results and discussion) The authors conducted a state analysis of the agro-industrial complex of Leningrad Region in terms of the organic waste formation from animal husbandry and poultry farming, and evaluated the potential for their use. They studied 142 large complexes, which produce more than 90 percent of livestock and poultry products. The average livestock density in Leningrad Region is 2.2 conventional heads per hectare of cultivated agricultural land. They showed that there are 22,200 households in southern Finland, 79 percent of which are plant growing enterprises that are engaged in small-scale production. They took into account the specifi c features of the studied territories in terms of nutrient load and proposed a system of environmental impact regulation. (Conclusions) The authors developed 4 main recommendation sections to reduce the risks of biogenic environmental pollution: the development of an industrial environmental control system based on technological regulations; mastering the system of regional monitoring and coordination of work with organic fertilizers; adoption and implementation of a program of livestock enterprises technological and technical modernization in terms of the organic waste disposal; creation of demonstration platforms for environmental specialists advanced training in the implementation of modern technological solutions.

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Analysis and Solutions to Environmental Problems in Livestock Farming

Agricultural machinery and technologies ◽

10.22314/2073-7599-2021-15-4-48-55 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 15 (4) ◽

pp. 48-55

Author(s):

A. Yu. Bryukhanov ◽

V. D. Popov ◽

E. V. Vasilev ◽

E. V. Shalavina ◽

R. A. Uvarov

Keyword(s):

Environmental Sustainability ◽

Organic Waste ◽

Intelligent System ◽

Nutrient Balance ◽

Organic Fertilizers ◽

Nitrogen Losses ◽

Leningrad Region ◽

Technology Choice ◽

Livestock Farming ◽

Technical Solutions

The intensifi cation of agricultural production has led to the disruption of nutrient cycles in agroecosystems. In livestock farming, one of the key problems is the low degree of using secondary resources (organic fertilizers based on manure and manure). (Research purpose) To substantiate the basic principles of assessing the agroecosystem environmental sustainability and to develop engineering methods for ensuring environmental safety in livestock farming. (Materials and methods) To solve the problems of agroecological assessment, eff ective technology choice and intelligent system creation, the following indicators were used: 1. specifi c density of animals (mainly for macro-assessment); 2. nutrient balance (the diff erence in the amount of nitrogen available in the formed organic fertilizers with environmentally safe consumption); 3. nitrogen losses during the disposal of organic waste from livestock farming; 4.the eff ectiveness of implementing the best available techniques (BAT). (Results and discussion) Using the assessment of indicators 1 and 2 in the case of the Leningrad region, it was revealed that 3 districts are classifi ed as territories with an excessive risk to the environment, 1 district is classifi ed as a territory with a high risk, 5 districts – with an acceptable risk, and 8 districts – with a low risk to the environment. To solve problems in areas with excessive and high load, we conducted an assessment on indicators 3 and 4, which allowed us to explore technical solutions and select the BAT to reduce the environmental burden. The obtained results showed that among the main technical solutions in the fi eld of organic waste management of livestock farming are biofermentation and the introduction of liquid organic fertilizers. Biofermentation in special chambers can reduce emissions of polluting gases by more than 2 times, and speed up the processing process by more than 60 times. To work with liquid organic fertilizers, intelligent machines with low-emission working bodies have been developed to reduce nitrogen losses during application by up to 50 percent. To solve the problems of agricultural monitoring and engineering solution management, a digital system has been developed that allows to model scenarios of technological development and their impact on the agroecosystem environmental sustainability. (Conclusions) The results obtained allow us to systematically analyze the problems of agroecosystem environmental sustainability and propose specifi c technical and optimization solutions for livestock farming.

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Pemanfaatan Limbah Tani, Ternak dan Konsorsium kapang selulolitik Pada Produksi Biogas Di Desa Puntukdoro Magetan Melalui Program Pengembangan Desa Mitra

Bubungan Tinggi: Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat ◽

10.20527/btjpm.v3i1.2455 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Pujiati Pujiati ◽

Nurul Kusuma Dewi ◽

Dimas Setiawan

Keyword(s):

Alternative Energy ◽

Negative Impact ◽

Biogas Production ◽

Agricultural Waste ◽

Monitoring And Evaluation ◽

Community Services ◽

Public Understanding ◽

Organic Fertilizers ◽

High Price ◽

Livestock Waste

AbstrakDesa Puntukdoro merupakan desa mitra dan binaan Universitas PGRI Madiun. Desa ini memiliki beberapa permasalahan diantaranya limbah ternak yang digunakan tanpa diolah dan hal tersebut dapat menyebabkan pencemaran lingkungan dan dampak kesehatan, minimnya suplay pupuk yang menyebabkan mahalnya harga pupuk di daerah ini, Hal tersebut menyebabkan petani yang sering merugi. Produksi biogas merupakan salah satu solusi dari permasalahan yang ada, selain menghasilkan energi terbarukan produksi biogas menghasilkan limbah outlet/slurry yang potensial dimanfaatkan untuk pupuk organic yang dapat memperbaiki struktur tanah. Tim pelaksan ajuga memiliki konsorsium kapang selulolitik hasil riset yang dapat digunakan untuk optimalisasi produksi biogas jika menggunakan limbah pertanian. Pelaksanaan Program Pengembangan Desa Mitra/PPDM ini dimulai dari survey, koordinasi, sosialisasi, aplikasi program yang meliputi instalasi reactor biogas, monitoring dan evaluasi. Setelah pelaksanaan PPDM ini banyak sekali dampak positif yang dihasilkan antara lain meliputi 1) Peningkatan pemahaman masyakat terkait pemanfaatan limbah pertanian dan peternakan untuk produksi biogas; 2) Peningkatan pemahaman masyarakat terkait dampak negatif pembuangan limbah peternakan ke sungai; 3) Ketersediaan energi alternative yang ramah lingkungan; 4) ketersediaan pupuk organic berkualitas; 5) Peningkatan kualitas dan kuantitas hasil pertanian; 6) peningkatan kesejahteraan masyarakat.Kata Kunci: biogas, kapang seluloltitik, limbah pertanian, peternakan, PuntukdoroAbstractPuntukdoro is a partner village and fostered by the Universitas PGRI Madiun. This village has several problems including livestock waste which is used without being processed and this can cause environmental pollution and health impacts, the lack of fertilizer supply causes the high price of fertilizers and this is also causes the farmer suffer losses. Biogas production is one of solution to the existing problems, in addition to producing renewable energy, biogas production produces slurry waste which is potential to be used as organic fertilizers. This slurry also can improve the soil structure. The community services team also has a consortium of cellulolytic molds from their research that can be used to optimize biogas production when using agricultural waste. The implementation of PPDM starts from surveys, coordination, socialization, application of the program which includes the installation of a biogas reactor, monitoring and evaluation. After the implementation of PPDM, many positive impacts resulted, including: 1) Increasing public understanding regarding the use of agricultural and livestock waste for biogas production; 2) Increasing public understanding regarding the negative impact of dumping livestock waste into rivers; 3) Availability of environmentally friendly alternative energy; 4) availability of quality organic fertilizers; 5) Increasing the quality and quantity of agricultural products; and 6) increasing community welfare.

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Preliminary results of the optimization of biogas production at the biogas station of the national research institute of animal production in Grodziec Sląski – Kostkowice

Agricultural science and practice ◽

10.15407/agrisp2.03.026 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 2 (3) ◽

pp. 26-31

Author(s):

K. Węglarzy ◽

Yu. Shliva ◽

B. Matros ◽

G. Sych

Keyword(s):

Agricultural Production ◽

Crude Protein ◽

Biogas Production ◽

Electric Energy ◽

Corn Silage ◽

Industrial Wastes ◽

Organic Mass ◽

National Research Institute ◽

Digestion Process ◽

By Products

Aim. To optimize the methane digestion process while using different recipes of substrate components of ag- ricultural origin. Methods. The chemical composition of separate components of the substrate of agricultural by-products, industrial wastes, fats of the agrorefi nery and corn silage was studied. Dry (organic) mass, crude protein (fat) fi ber, loose ash, nitrogen-free exhaust were estimated in the components and the productivity of biogas was determined along with the methane content. These data were used as a basis for daily recipes of the substrate and the analysis of biogas production at the biogas station in Kostkowice. Results. The application of by-products of agricultural production solves the problem of their storage on boards and in open containers, which reduces investment costs, related to the installation of units for their storage. Conclusions. The return on investment for obtaining electric energy out of agricultural biogas depends considerably on the kind of the substrate used and on technological and market conditions.

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Removal of nutrients from Organic Liquid Agricultural Waste using filamentous algae.

Brazilian Journal of Biology ◽

10.1590/1519-6984.224708 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Gonzalo Flores-Morales ◽

Mónica Díaz ◽

Patricia Arancibia-Avila ◽

Michelle Muñoz-Carrasco ◽

Pamela Jara-Zapata ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Organic Waste ◽

Low Cost ◽

Organic Liquid ◽

Agricultural Waste ◽

Filamentous Algae ◽

Tertiary Treatment ◽

Nutrient Reduction ◽

Algae Removal ◽

Algae Growth ◽

Waste Effluents

Abstract A feasibility analysis of tertiary treatment for Organic Liquid Agricultural Waste is presented using filamentous algae belonging to the genus Cladophora sp. as an alternative to chemical tertiary treatment. The main advantages of tertiary treatments that use biological systems are the low cost investment and the minimal dependence on environmental variables. In this work we demonstrate that filamentous algae reduces the nutrient load of nitrate (circa 75%) and phosphate (circa 86%) from the organic waste effluents coming from dairy farms after nine days of culture, with the added advantage being that after the treatment period, algae removal can be achieved by simple procedures. Currently, the organic wastewater is discarded into fields and local streams. However, the algae can acquire value as a by-product since it has various uses as compost, cellulose, and biogas. A disadvantage of this system is that clean water must be used to achieve enough water transparency to allow algae growth. Even so, the nutrient reduction system of the organic effluents proposed is friendly to the ecosystem, compared to tertiary treatments that use chemicals to precipitate and collect nutrients such as nitrates and phosphates.

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Valorization of Kiwi by-Products for the Recovery of Bioactive Compounds: Circular Economy Model

Proceedings ◽

10.3390/foods_2020-07647 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 70 (1) ◽

pp. 9

Author(s):

Franklin Chamorro ◽

María Carpena ◽

Bernabé Nuñez-Estevez ◽

Miguel A. Prieto ◽

Jesus Simal-Gandara

Keyword(s):

Bioactive Compounds ◽

Circular Economy ◽

Agricultural Production ◽

Organic Waste ◽

Antimicrobial Activities ◽

Added Value ◽

Economic Returns ◽

Industrial Processing ◽

Pharmaceutical Industries ◽

By Products

Currently, agricultural production generates large amounts of organic waste, both from the maintenance of farms and crops, and from the industrialization of the product. Generally, these wastes are accumulated in landfills or burned, sometimes causing environmental problems. However, many scientific studies suggest that these residues are rich in bioactive compounds, so these matrices could be revalued for their use in food, cosmetic, or pharmaceutical industries. In this way, the circular and sustainable economy is favored, while obtaining products with high added value. In this case, this approach is applied to the residues generated from kiwi production, since numerous studies have shown the high content of kiwi in bioactive compounds of interest, such as phenolic compounds, vitamins, and carotenoids. These compounds have been reported for their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial activities, among other beneficial properties for health such as its use as prebiotic. Therefore, this article reviews the potential of residues derived from industrial processing and agricultural maintenance of kiwi as promising matrices for the development of new nutraceutical, cosmetic, or pharmacological products, obtaining, at the same time, economic returns and a reduction of the environmental impact of this industry, attaching it to the perspective of the circular economy.

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Conversion of Spent Coffee and Donuts by Black Soldier Fly (Hermetia illucens) Larvae into Potential Resources for Animal and Plant Farming

Insects ◽

10.3390/insects12040332 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (4) ◽

pp. 332

Author(s):

Hayden Fischer ◽

Nicholas Romano ◽

Amit Kumar Sinha

Keyword(s):

Organic Waste ◽

Glycogen Content ◽

Organic Fertilizer ◽

Organic Fertilizers ◽

Black Soldier Fly ◽

Hermetia Illucens ◽

Hermetia Illucens Larvae ◽

Nitrogen Phosphorus ◽

Dough Stage ◽

Plant Farming

Nutritionally unbalanced organic waste can be converted into potential resources for animal and plant farming by culturing black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) larvae (BSFL) and prepupae (BSFP). BSFL and BSFP are rich sources of protein and lipids, while the leftover excrement called “frass” can be used as an organic fertilizer. Using readily available resources, BSFL were cultured on spent coffee, donut dough or an equal blend for 35 days. Survival, productivity, daily pupation and biochemical composition of BSFL and BSFP were measured along with the nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium values of the frass. Survival was highest in the blend compared (81%) to spent coffee (45%) or dough (24%); however, BSFL and BSFP were significantly longer and heavier from dough. Stage and food significantly influenced the protein, lipid and glycogen content of the BSFL and BSFP, which tended to be higher in the latter. While fatty acids were often significantly higher in BSFL fed spent coffee, the amino acid composition of BSFL was generally higher in dough. Frass from the blend had significantly highest nitrogen content, while potassium and phosphorus were significantly higher and lower from spent coffee, respectively. Although coffee and donut dough were suboptimal substrates for BSFL, a blend of these produced BSFL and frass that were nutritionally comparable to soybean meal and many organic fertilizers, respectively.

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Sugarcane Bagasse as a Co-Substrate with Oil-Refinery Biological Sludge for Biogas Production Using Batch Mesophilic Anaerobic Co-Digestion Technology: Effect of Carbon/Nitrogen Ratio

Water ◽

10.3390/w13050590 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (5) ◽

pp. 590

Author(s):

Aiban Abdulhakim Saeed Ghaleb ◽

Shamsul Rahman Mohamed Kutty ◽

Gasim Hayder Ahmed Salih ◽

Ahmad Hussaini Jagaba ◽

Azmatullah Noor ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Anaerobic Digestion ◽

Sugarcane Bagasse ◽

Organic Waste ◽

Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽

Biogas Production ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Oil Refinery ◽

Methane Yield ◽

Oil Refineries ◽

Biological Sludge

Man-made organic waste leads to the rapid proliferation of pollution around the globe. Effective bio-waste management can help to reduce the adverse effects of organic waste while contributing to the circular economy at the same time. The toxic oily-biological sludge generated from oil refineries’ wastewater treatment plants is a potential source for biogas energy recovery via anaerobic digestion. However, the oily-biological sludge’s carbon/nitrogen (C/N) ratio is lower than the ideal 20–30 ratio required by anaerobic digestion technology for biogas production. Sugarcane bagasse can be digested as a high C/N co-substrate while the oily-biological sludge acts as a substrate and inoculum to improve biogas production. In this study, the best C/N with co-substrate volatile solids (VS)/inoculum VS ratios for the co-digestion process of mixtures were determined empirically through batch experiments at temperatures of 35–37 °C, pH (6–8) and 60 rpm mixing. The raw materials were pre-treated mechanically and thermo-chemically to further enhance the digestibility. The best condition for the sugarcane bagasse delignification process was 1% (w/v) sodium hydroxide, 1:10 solid-liquid ratio, at 100 °C, and 150 rpm for 1 h. The results from a 33-day batch anaerobic digestion experiment indicate that the production of biogas and methane yield were concurrent with the increasing C/N and co-substrate VS/inoculum VS ratios. The total biogas yields from C/N 20.0 with co-substrate VS/inoculum VS 0.06 and C/N 30.0 with co-substrate VS/inoculum VS 0.18 ratios were 2777.0 and 9268.0 mL, respectively, including a methane yield of 980.0 and 3009.3 mL, respectively. The biogas and methane yield from C/N 30.0 were higher than the biogas and methane yields from C/N 20.0 by 70.04 and 67.44%, respectively. The highest biogas and methane yields corresponded with the highest C/N with co-substrate VS/inoculum VS ratios (30.0 and 0.18), being 200.6 mL/g VSremoved and 65.1 mL CH4/g VSremoved, respectively.

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Biogas potential of organic waste onboard cruise ships — a yet untapped energy source

Biomass Conversion and Biorefinery ◽

10.1007/s13399-020-01249-0 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Kai Schumüller ◽

Dirk Weichgrebe ◽

Stephan Köster

Keyword(s):

Energy Source ◽

Anaerobic Digestion ◽

Sewage Sludge ◽

Food Waste ◽

Energy Demand ◽

Organic Waste ◽

Biogas Production ◽

Biogas Yield ◽

Cruise Ships ◽

Detailed Presentation

AbstractTo tap the organic waste generated onboard cruise ships is a very promising approach to reduce their adverse impact on the maritime environment. Biogas produced by means of onboard anaerobic digestion offers a complementary energy source for ships’ operation. This report comprises a detailed presentation of the results gained from comprehensive investigations on the gas yield from onboard substrates such as food waste, sewage sludge and screening solids. Each person onboard generates a total average of about 9 kg of organic waste per day. The performed analyses of substrates and anaerobic digestion tests revealed an accumulated methane yield of around 159 L per person per day. The anaerobic co-digestion of sewage sludge and food waste (50:50 VS) emerged as particularly effective and led to an increased biogas yield by 24%, compared to the mono-fermentation. In the best case, onboard biogas production can provide an energetic output of 82 W/P, on average covering 3.3 to 4.1% of the total energy demand of a cruise ship.

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A highly efficient multi-step methodology for the quantification of micro-(bio)plastics in sludge

Waste Management & Research ◽

10.1177/0734242x20974094 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 0734242X2097409

Author(s):

Federica Ruggero ◽

Alexandra E. Porter ◽

Nikolaos Voulvoulis ◽

Emiliano Carretti ◽

Tommaso Lotti ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Organic Waste ◽

Degradation Process ◽

Organic Fertilizers ◽

Critical Conditions ◽

Organic Fraction ◽

Initial Oxidation ◽

Threshold Size ◽

End Products ◽

Biological Treatments ◽

Pre Treatment

The present study develops a multi-step methodology for identification and quantification of microplastics and micro-bioplastics (together called in the current work micro-(bio)plastics) in sludge. In previous studies, different methods for the extraction of microplastics were devised for traditional plastics, while the current research tested the methodology on starch-based micro-bioplastics of 0.1–2 mm size. Compostable bioplastics are expected to enter the anaerobic or aerobic biological treatments that lead to end-products applicable in agriculture; some critical conditions of treatments (e.g. low temperature and moisture) can slow down the degradation process and be responsible for the presence of microplastics in the end-product. The methodology consists of an initial oxidation step, with hydrogen peroxide 35% concentrated to clear the sludge and remove the organic fraction, followed by a combination of flotation with sodium chloride and observation of the residues under a fluorescence microscope using a green filter. The workflow revealed an efficacy of removal from 94% to 100% and from 92% to 96% for plastic fragments, 0.5–2 mm and 0.1–0.5 mm size, respectively. The methodology was then applied to samples of food waste pulp harvested after a shredding pre-treatment in an anaerobic digestion (AD) plant in Italy, where polyethylene, starch-based Mater-Bi® and cellophane microplastics were recovered in amounts of 9 ± 1.3/10 g <2 mm and 4.8 ± 1.2/10 g ⩾2 mm. The study highlights the need to lower the threshold size for the quantification of plastics in organic fertilizers, which is currently set by legislations at 2 mm, by improving the background knowledge about the fate of the micro-(bio)plastics in biological treatments for the organic waste.

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