scholarly journals Spatial development of Russia and international transport corridors

2021 ◽  
Vol 885 (1) ◽  
pp. 012002
Author(s):  
A K Tulokhonov ◽  
A S Mikheeva ◽  
V S Batomunkuev ◽  
T A Boldanov
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Current System ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Green Economy ◽  
Transport Systems ◽  
Northern Sea Route ◽  
Freight Traffic ◽  
Global Demand ◽  
International Transport ◽  
The Cost

Abstract The article analyses the current system of transportation, which is mainly focused on raw material exports. The structure of Russian railways transportation and the volume of raw material supplies to China have been discussed. It is noted that the coming decades will bring a reduction in hydrocarbon power generation and a transition to a green economy, which will inevitably reduce global demand for Russian hydrocarbons. Plans for the development of Russian transport systems and their place in international transport corridors, risks and limitations of major transport flows through the Suez Canal and the Northern Sea Route have been presented. We propose to consider opportunities to optimise freight traffic and reduce the cost of new transport construction, primarily by reducing empty runs and reducing international transport competition.

scholarly journals РОЗВИТОК МІЖНАРОДНОГО ТРАНЗИТНОГО ПОТЕНЦІАЛУ УКРАЇНИ

2019 ◽  
pp. 26-30
Author(s):  
Прокудін Г. С. ◽  
Чупайленко О. А. ◽  
Прокудін О. Г. ◽  
Дудник О. С. ◽  
Пилипенко Ю. В.
Keyword(s):  
Transport System ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Freight Transport ◽  
Transport Systems ◽  
Program Complex ◽  
Freight Traffic ◽  
International Transport ◽  
Model Of Management ◽  
Transport Problems ◽  
International Traffic

The model of complex transportations in the transport system is developed, which makes it possible to systematically approach the problem of optimization of international transport of non-homogeneous cargoes under the combined scheme of the use of various types of transport (automobile, water and railway) taking into account the whole spectrum of restrictions that exist in systems of this kind. The program complex for the optimization of international freight transport on the transport system of Ukraine and Western Europe, which is based on the model of management of multimodal freight traffic in international traffic, takes into account the throughput of transport nodes and communications of transport systems, and also can solve transport problems in the event of imbalance of volumes of transportation of heterogeneous cargoes.

TRANSPORT ECOSYSTEMS, THE NORTHERN SEA ROUTE DURING THE FORMATION OF THE 8TH TECHNOLOGICAL ORDER

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valery Glushchenko
Keyword(s):  
System Analysis ◽  
Ecosystem Approach ◽  
Transport Systems ◽  
Hierarchical Systems ◽  
Scientific Methods ◽  
Northern Sea Route ◽  
International Transport ◽  
Efficiency Theory ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Scientific Achievements

the subject of the article is the ecosystem approach in the modernization of transport systems during the formation of the 8th technological order; the object of the article is the sphere of transport; the purpose of the work is to increase the efficiency of management of the development of transport ecosystems; to achieve this goal, the following tasks are solved: the tasks of system analysis of the development of a new technological order in the transport industry are clarified; the methodology of system analysis of international transport corridors is formed; the image of the future ecosystem of the Northern Sea Route (NSR) is synthesized after modernization on the basis of scientific achievements of the 8th technological order; scientific methods are the theory of hierarchical systems, system synthesis and analysis, logical and heuristic methods, system approach, heuristic forecasting, expert methods, efficiency theory; scientific novelty of the work is determined by the development of methods of system analysis in the field of transport, the methodology of forming the program of modernization of the Northern Sea Route (NSR) on the basis of scientific achievements of the 8th technological order

scholarly journals THE NORTHERN SEA ROUTE, TRANSPORT ECOSYSTEMS DURING THE FORMATION OF THE 8TH TECHNOLOGICAL ORDER

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (6) ◽  
pp. 59-73
Author(s):  
Valery V. Glushchenko
Keyword(s):  
System Analysis ◽  
Ecosystem Approach ◽  
Transport Systems ◽  
Hierarchical Systems ◽  
Scientific Methods ◽  
Northern Sea Route ◽  
International Transport ◽  
Efficiency Theory ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Scientific Achievements

The subject of the article is the ecosystem approach in the modernization of transport systems during the formation of the 8th technological order; the object of the article is the sphere of transport; the purpose of the work is to increase the efficiency of management of the development of transport ecosystems; to achieve this goal, the following tasks are solved: the tasks of system analysis of the development of a new technological order in the transport industry are clarified; the methodology of system analysis of international transport corridors is formed; the image of the future ecosystem of the Northern Sea Route (NSR) is synthesized after modernization on the basis of scientific achievements of the 8th technological order; scientific methods are the theory of hierarchical systems, system synthesis and analysis, logical and heuristic methods, system approach, heuristic forecasting, expert methods, efficiency theory; scientific novelty of the work is determined by the development of methods of system analysis in the field of transport, the methodology of forming the program of modernization of the Northern Sea Route (NSR) on the basis of scientific achievements of the 8th technological order.

scholarly journals PARAMETERS AND FACTORS OF ENSURING COMPETITIVE STABILITY OF THE PORT SECTOR OF UKRAINE

2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (2(67)) ◽  
pp. 158-167
Author(s):  
L.V. MEZINA
Keyword(s):  
Container Terminals ◽  
Transport Systems ◽  
Maritime Trade ◽  
Marine Transport ◽  
The World ◽  
International Transport ◽  
Effective Development ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Port Infrastructure ◽  
Trade Market

Topicality. The expediency of the development of scientific regulations is related to the main problems of achieving the competitiveness of the sea trade ports of Ukraine in the maritime trade market, first of all with the necessity: to achieve the adequacy of the technical and economic level of the stevedoring operators to the requirements of the environment; compliance with national needs and multimodal transport systems; support of national zones of international transport corridors; development of theoretical and methodological foundations for the competitive positioning of national maritime trading ports, taking into account the conditions of integration and globalization.Aim and tasks. The purpose of the article is to clarify new trends in the system of competitive positioning of sea merchant ports, to systematize the parameters of the competitiveness of national maritime merchant ports and to substantiate the factors of effective development of Ukraine's port infrastructure.Research results. The condition and conditions of the competitive development of Ukrainian seaports in the system of maritime trade market are analyzed. The assessment of the port infrastructure of the national terminal operators is given and the development trends and perspectives of the competitive positioning of the national stevedoring operators are grounded. The system factors and parameters of functioning of marine transport enterprises are grounded. The dynamics of cargo turnover of the largest container ports of Europe for the period 2015-2017 is presented and the main tendencies of development of container terminals of the world economy are revealed. The evaluation of the competitive functioning of state and private national stevedoring operators and the identification of the problem of economic stability of sea trading ports in the system of competitive positioning in the regional maritime trade market was conducted. The estimation of the relation between the profit rate and the cost of loading and unloading works of the largest ports of Ukraine is presented and given, and the change in the structure of the cargo traffic of sea ports of Ukraine under the influence of new trends in the world maritime transport industry is analyzed.Conclusions. The systematic parameters of the competitiveness of Ukrainian seaports in the maritime trade market system are substantiated and the main principles of achieving the normalized economic results of functioning of the sea commercial ports of Ukraine are substantiated. The information-logistic model, which characterizes the influence of external conditions on the competitive positioning of national sea commercial ports, is presented. The main features of the competitiveness of national stevedoring operators are revealed. The new tendencies in the system of competitive positioning of the sea commercial ports of Ukraine are specified, factors of competitive stability of the port infrastructure under the conditions of risk and uncertainty are grounded. The revealed standards and restrictions of development of the port infrastructure of the national maritime trading ports in the system of globalization and integration.

Ecological and technological aspects of the use of wastes of combustible shale in the production of various thermal insulation materials

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 24-29
Author(s):  
V.Z. Abdrakhimov
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Waste ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Current System ◽  
Industrial Wastes ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Green Economy ◽  
Material Base ◽  
Insulating Materials ◽  
Waste Production

It is shown that at present the current system of environmental regulation in Russia is divorced from the real context in which to exist. One of the most promising areas for the use of waste production is ─ involving them recycled as secondary material or energy resources. On the basis of waste oil shale obtained heat-insulating materials with high physical-mechanical indicators. Due to the involvement of industrial waste in manufacturing of heat-insulating materials may dramatically change the parameters of the raw material base of Russia, which also contributes to reducing environmental impact in the regions. The use of waste fuel and energy complex: inter-shale clay and slate slag in the production of insulating materials contributes to recycling of industrial waste, the protection of the environment and expansion of raw materials base for production of ceramic building materials. The compositions of the developed compositions, proposed to obtain a lightweight brick and a porous filler, the authors of this article obtained three patents of the Russian Federation. Utilization of industrial wastes contributes to the development of "green" economy.

Resource efficiency in deinked pulp production: a review

TAPPI Journal ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 37-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
LIISA KOTANEN ◽  
MIKA KÖRKKÖ ◽  
ARI ÄMMÄLÄ ◽  
JOUKO NIINIMÄKI
Keyword(s):  
Waste Disposal ◽  
Resource Efficiency ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Ecological Strategy ◽  
Recycled Paper ◽  
Paper Production ◽  
Recycled Pulp ◽  
Current State ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Pulp Production

The use of recovered paper as a raw material for paper production is by far the most economical and ecological strategy for the disposal of waste paper. However, paper production from recovered paper furnish generates a great amount of residues, and the higher the demand requirements for the end product, the higher the amount of rejected material. The reason for this is that the selectivity of the deinking process is limited; therefore, some valuable components are also lost in reject streams. The rejection of usable components affects the economics of recycled paper production. As the cost of waste disposal continues to increase, this issue is becoming more and more severe. This paper summarizes the current state of the resource efficiency in recycled pulp production and provides information on the volumes of rejected streams and the usable material within them. Various means to use these reject streams are also discussed, including the main findings of a recent thesis by the main author. This review summarizes current internal and external use of reject streams generated in the deinking operations.

The Evolutionary Psychology of Scientific Publishing: Cost-Benefit Optimization of Players in the Game

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Milind Watve
Keyword(s):  
Peer Review ◽  
Current System ◽  
Critical Mass ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Active Role ◽  
Scientific Publishing ◽  
Collective Goal ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Collective Goals ◽  
Innate Tendency

Peer reviewed scientific publishing is critical for communicating important findings, interpretations and theories in any branch of science. While the value of peer review is rarely doubted, much concern is being raised about the possible biases in the process. I argue here that most of the biases originate in the evolved innate tendency of every player to optimize one’s own cost benefits. Different players in the scientific publishing game have different cost-benefit optima. There are multiple conflicts between individual optima and collective goals. An analysis of the cost-benefit optima of every player in the scientific publishing game shows how and why biases originate. In the current system of publishing, by optimization considerations, the probability of publishing a ‘bad’ manuscript is relatively small but the probability of rejecting a ‘good’ manuscript is very high. By continuing with the current publishing structure, the global distribution of the scientific community would be increasingly clustered. Publication biases by gender, ethnicity, reputation, conformation and conformity will be increasingly common and revolutionary concepts increasingly difficult to publish. Ultimately, I explore the possibility of designing a peer review publishing system in which the conflicts between individual optimization and collective goal can be minimized. In such a system, if everyone behaves with maximum selfishness, biases would be minimized and the progress towards the collective goal would be faster and smoother. Changing towards such a system might prove difficult unless a critical mass of authors take an active role to revolutionize scientific publishing.

SELISIH BIAYA PRODUKSI SEBAGAI ALAT PENGENDALIAN MANAJEMEN PT INDO PUSAKA BERAU

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (02) ◽  
pp. 397
Author(s):  
SAFITRI NURHIDAYATI ◽  
RIZKI AMELYA SYAM
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Analytical Tool ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Labor Costs ◽  
Material Costs ◽  
Library Research ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Cost

This study aims to analyze whether the difference that occurs in the cost of raw materials, direct labor, and factory overhead costs between the standard costs and the actual costs in PLTU LATI is a difference that is favorable or unfavorable. Data collection techniques with field research and library research. The analytical tool used is the analysis of the difference in raw material costs, the difference in direct labor costs and the difference in factory overhead costs. The hypothesis in this study is that the difference allegedly occurs in the cost of raw materials, direct labor costs, and factory overhead costs at PT Indo Pusaka Berau Tanjung Redeb is a favorable difference. The results showed that the difference in the cost of producing MWh electricity at PT Indo Pusaka Berau Tanjung Redeb in 2018, namely the difference in the price of raw material costs Rp. 548,029.80, - is favorable, the difference in quantity of raw materials is Rp. 957,216,602, - is (favorable) , the difference in direct labor costs Rp 2,602,642,084, - is (unfavorable), and the difference in factory overhead costs Rp 8,807,051,422, - is (favorable) This shows that the difference in the overall production cost budget is favorable or profitable. This beneficial difference shows that the company is really able to reduce production costs optimally in 2018.  

scholarly journals Life Cycle Cost of Electricity Production: A Comparative Study of Coal-Fired, Biomass, and Wind Power in China

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (12) ◽  
pp. 3463
Author(s):  
Xueliang Yuan ◽  
Leping Chen ◽  
Xuerou Sheng ◽  
Mengyue Liu ◽  
Yue Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Wind Power ◽  
Life Cycle Cost ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Electricity Production ◽  
Maintenance Cost ◽  
External Cost ◽  
Levelized Cost Of Electricity ◽  
Cost Of Electricity

Economic cost is decisive for the development of different power generation. Life cycle cost (LCC) is a useful tool in calculating the cost at all life stages of electricity generation. This study improves the levelized cost of electricity (LCOE) model as the LCC calculation methods from three aspects, including considering the quantification of external cost, expanding the compositions of internal cost, and discounting power generation. The improved LCOE model is applied to three representative kinds of power generation, namely, coal-fired, biomass, and wind power in China, in the base year 2015. The external cost is quantified based on the ReCiPe model and an economic value conversion factor system. Results show that the internal cost of coal-fired, biomass, and wind power are 0.049, 0.098, and 0.081 USD/kWh, separately. With the quantification of external cost, the LCCs of the three are 0.275, 0.249, and 0.081 USD/kWh, respectively. Sensitivity analysis is conducted on the discount rate and five cost factors, namely, the capital cost, raw material cost, operational and maintenance cost (O&M cost), other annual costs, and external costs. The results provide a quantitative reference for decision makings of electricity production and consumption.

scholarly journals Grid Parity Analysis of China’s Centralized Photovoltaic Generation under Multiple Uncertainties

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (7) ◽  
pp. 1814
Author(s):  
Libo Zhang ◽  
Qian Du ◽  
Dequn Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Electricity Price ◽  
Grid Parity ◽  
Industry Environment ◽  
External Conditions ◽  
Generation Costs ◽  
Time Price ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Installed Capacity

The cost of centralized photovoltaic (CPV) power generation has been decreasing rapidly in China. However, the achievement of grid parity is full of uncertainties due to changes in policies and the industry environment. In order to explore the time, price, and external conditions in which grid parity can be achieved, we create the improved grey GM (1, 1) model to estimate the installed capacity over the next 10 years, and apply a learning curve to predict the cost of CPV generation. In the analysis of grid parity, we compare the benchmark price of coal power and the price under the market-oriented mechanism with CPV. The results show that China’s CPV industry will enter the early stage of maturity from 2020 onwards; with the help of benchmark investment, the grid parity of CPV may be achieved in 2022 at the earliest and 2025 at the latest. After 2025, the photovoltaic electricity price will be generally lower than the coal electricity price under marketization. By 2030, CPV power generation costs will reach US $0.05/kWh, the accumulative installed capacity will exceed 370 GW, and the uncertainties will lead to a cumulative installed gap of nearly 100 GW.

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