scholarly journals Dual-channel digital control of energy consumption and air supply in microclimate systems of livestock premises

2021 ◽  
Vol 937 (3) ◽  
pp. 032002
Author(s):  
Yury Ivanov ◽  
Nicolai Novikov
Keyword(s):  
Problem Solving ◽  
Block Diagram ◽  
Gas Content ◽  
Control Vector ◽  
Technical Standards ◽  
Co2 Gas ◽  
Dual Channel ◽  
Air Supply ◽  
Phase Coordinates ◽  
Control Search

Abstract The problem of livestock premises air environment parameters ensuring in terms of temperature, humidity and CO2 gas content, established by zoo technical standards, is considered. The problem is formulated as a problem with non-linearity object and consists in its phase (temperature, humidity and CO2 gas content) coordinates stabilizing by the premises heating capacity and its air exchange intensity controlling. A mathematical model of control object’s dynamics parameters based on material flows and energy balance equations is developed. A cyclic algorithm for this problem solving has been developed, it consists of two successive stages: the control search this problem solving, and the found control establishment until any of the coordinates’ phase go beyond the established limits due to disturbances.The search for the control vector consists in periodic relay switching of its coordinates from specified maximum to minimum values so that the phase coordinates remain in the region of permissible variation. It is shown that the control vector corresponding coordinates as their average values for the switching cycle are defined. A block diagram of the control system implementing the developed algorithm is presented. The calculation data are given for a pigsty for 1300 animals.

scholarly journals Optimization of Culture Condition for Ganoderic Acid Production in Ganoderma lucidum Liquid Static Culture and Design of a Suitable Bioreactor

Molecules ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (10) ◽  
pp. 2563 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gaosheng Hu ◽  
Manhuayun Zhai ◽  
Rong Niu ◽  
Xiaoqiang Xu ◽  
Qian Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ganoderma Lucidum ◽  
Liquid Culture ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Gas Content ◽  
Market Demand ◽  
Ganoderic Acid ◽  
Static Culture ◽  
Air Supply ◽  
Liquid Static Culture

Ganoderma lucidum, a famous medicinal mushroom used worldwide, is a rich source of triterpenoids which, together with polysaccharides, are believed to be the main effective constituents of G. lucidum. With the increase of market demand, the wild resource is facing serious limitations, and the quality of cultivated fruiting bodies can be seriously affected by the availability of wood resources and by cultivation management practices. In the present study, we aimed to develop an alternative way to produce useful triterpenoids from G. lucidum. We cultured the strain using a two-stage liquid culture strategy and investigated the effects of nitrogen limitation, carbon supply, static culture volume and air supply in the static culture stage on the accumulation of five triterpenoids (GA-P, GA-Q, GA-T, GA-S, GA-R). Our results showed that, under optimized condition, the total yield of the five triterpenoids reached 963 mg/L (as determined by HPLC). Among the five triterpenoids, GA-T accounted for about 75% of the total yield. Besides, a bioreactor suitable for fungal liquid static culture with a 10 L extensible plastic bag shaped culture unit was designed and in which the maximum total yield of the five GAs reached 856.8 mg/L, and the GAs content reached 5.99%. Our results demonstrate the potential of industrial application of G. lucidum culture for the production of triterpenoids, especially GA-T. Air supply significantly improved the accumulation of triterpenoids, and this will provide important clues to understand why more triterpenoids are produced in the mycelia mat under static liquid culture conditions.

A pillar[5]arene-based and OH− dependent dual-channel supramolecular chemosensor for recyclable CO2 gas detection: High sensitive and selective off-on-off response

2020 ◽  
Vol 174 ◽  
pp. 108073 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wen-Bo Zhu ◽  
Tai-bao Wei ◽  
Yan-Qing Fan ◽  
Wen-Juan Qu ◽  
Wei Zhu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gas Detection ◽  
Co2 Gas ◽  
Dual Channel

scholarly journals PENGARUH LAJU ALIR ABSORBEN DAN WAKTU KONTAK K2CO3 TERHADAP PENYERAPAN CO2 YANG TERKANDUNG DALAM GAS ALAM

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 81
Author(s):  
Muhrinsyah Fatimura ◽  
Rully Masriatini ◽  
Reno Fitriyanti
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Contact Time ◽  
Gas Absorption ◽  
Gas Content ◽  
Co2 Absorption ◽  
Absorption Process ◽  
Co2 Gas ◽  
Acid Gas ◽  
Sour Gas

Gas CO2 atau gas asam (sour gas) merupakan salah satu kandungan dari gas alam yang sifatnya sebagai kontaminan. Adanya kandungan gas CO2 yang tinggi didalam gas alam perlu dilakukan treatment khusus dalam menghilangan kandungan gas asam (sour gas) tersebut dari gas alam dimana proses penghilangan gas asam dari gas alam disebut proses Sweetening. Proses Absorspi gas CO2 merupakan metode yang sering dilakukan. Penelitian ini bertujuan  mengetahui pengaruh laju alir absorben dan waktu kontak terhadap konsentrasi CO2 yang di serap. Metode yang dilakukan dalam penelitian ini yaitu dengan perancangan alat yang bisa menunujukan proses absorpsi CO2. Variabel penelitian yang digunakan memvariasikan  laju alir absorben 4,95 ml/s, 7,26 ml/s, 10,75 ml/s serta waktu kontak 2,4,6,8 menit dengan menggunakan absorben K2CO3 dan   Gas alam yang digunakan compress Natural Gas CNG.  Dari hasil penelitan laju alir Absorbenyang paling baik didapat pada  10,75 ml/s dengan penyerapan  CO2 sebesar  69,45 %. Waktu kontak  pada setiap waktu   tidak berpengaruh banyak  terhadap konsentarsi CO2 yang terserap .  Kata kunci: absorben, Sour gas, gas alam, laju alir  AbstractCO2 gas or acid gas (sour gas) is one of the contents of natural gas which is a contaminant. The presence of high CO2 gas content in natural gas requires special treatment to remove the sour gas content from natural gas where the process of removing acid gas from natural gas is called the Sweetening process. The CO2 gas absorption process is a method that is often used. This study aims to determine the effect of absorbent flow rate and contact time on the absorbed CO2 concentration. The method used in this research is to design a tool that can show the CO2 absorption process. The research variables used varied the absorbent flow rate of 4.95 ml/s, 7.26 ml/s, 10.75 ml/s and a contact time of 2,4,6,8 minutes using K2CO3 absorbent and natural gas used compressed Natural CNG gas. From the research results, the best absorbent flow rate was obtained at 10.75 ml/s with CO2 absorption of 69.45%. Contact time at any time did not have much effect on the concentration of CO2 absorbed. Keywords: absorbent, sour gas, natural gas, flow rate

scholarly journals Development of Mathematical Model of Rotary Kiln which are used for Design Conventional Control Systems

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (3.12) ◽  
pp. 1182
Author(s):  
Polaiah Bojja ◽  
N Merrin Prasanna
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Rotary Kiln ◽  
Pid Controller ◽  
Gas Content ◽  
Complex Dynamic ◽  
Co2 Gas ◽  
Several Variables ◽  
Control Scheme ◽  
Distributed Process ◽  
The Mathematical Model

The main aim of the work is used to develop the mathematical model which are used to design conventional control system for the real time cement plant to control several variables of a cement rotary kiln in the plant. A cement rotary kiln is a non linear distributed process which has a highly complex dynamic behavior due to chemical reaction, development of a system to understand the behavior of a kiln process as mathematical model based on control scheme for cement rotary kiln processes. However , the variables are back-end temperature,pre heater temperature, oxygen content and CO2 gas content of the kiln are used to develop the model of the processes by the most use of Automation. The proposed controller uses a PI controller and PID controller. Finally the designed of Controller scheme for cement rotary kiln process of results are car- ried out by MATLAB software for evaluation of the performance kiln process. 

scholarly journals Pengaruh diameter lubang bubbles generator pada pengikatan CO2 dengan larutan kalium hidroksida 4 molar

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
M.N. Bachrudin ◽  
H. Sutjahjono ◽  
M.E. Ramadhan
Keyword(s):  
Average Length ◽  
Bubble Diameter ◽  
Hole Diameter ◽  
Gas Content ◽  
Gas Purification ◽  
Bubble Shape ◽  
Purification Process ◽  
Co2 Gas ◽  
Hydrocarbon Content ◽  
Test Process

Bubble generator is an alternative technology for bubble producers. One of many other functions of bubble generator is as a purification tool. Type of bubble generator that's used in this research is Jet Column bubble generator. The diameter of the bubble hole generator affects the length of bubble life, the length of the bubble trajectory, the bubble shape, and the purification process absorption of CO2. The methods used in the purification process are making a solution 4 KOH molar, making purification tool, installating the output holes, gas purification process and gas testing performed repeated three times in each test process. The output bubble generator hole diameters are 0.08 mm, 0.12 mm and 0.16 mm. The result shows that the greater the diameter of the bubble hole generator of 0.12 mm makes the length of bubble life shorter, the time is 1,77 s and for the smallest hole diameter of 0.08 mm makes the length of the bubble life af about 3.21 s. The hole diameter of 0.08 mm results in the length of bubble trajectory of 1554.289 mm that is  longer than that of the hole diameter of 0.16 mm. The smaller hole diameter produces bubbles with an average length of 6.441 mm and bubble diameter of 1.237 mm. CO2 gas content decreased from 26.8% to 0.00%, and levels of hydrocarbon content increased by 5540 ppm.

scholarly journals Instrumentation of realtime monitoring system towards level of C6H12O6, C2H5OH, CO2, temperature in tapai fermentation process

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 60-65
Author(s):  
Yuliani Yuliani ◽  
Khairi Suhud ◽  
Dedi Satria ◽  
Lelifajri Lelifajri ◽  
Binawati Ginting ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fermentation Process ◽  
Gas Content ◽  
Analog To Digital Converter ◽  
Digital Converter ◽  
Gas Temperature ◽  
Co2 Gas ◽  
Analog To Digital ◽  
Input Module ◽  
Arduino Uno ◽  
Output Component

Abstrak. Tapai merupakan makanan yang dihasilkan dari hasil fermentasi, salah satunya berbahan dasar dari ubi kayu. Fermentasi oleh ragi (saccharomyces serevesiae) menjadikan perubahan kimia pada substrat karena aktivitas enzim yang dihasilkan mikroorganisme. Parameter-parameter yang ditinjau adalah perubahan kadar C6H12O6, gas C2H5OH, gas CO2, suhu dan kelembapan dalam proses fermentasi melalui sistem pengukuran elektronik berbasis mikrokontroller Arduino Uno. Rangkaian sensor mengandung modul input yaitu sensor FC-28, sensor MQ-3, sensor MG-811, sensor DHT-11 dan modul pemroses mikrokontroler ATMEGA238 dengan sistem Arduino Uno dan pada komponen output menggunakan layar LCD 2X16. Kadar karakterisasi berdasarkan keluaran ADC (Analog to Digital Converter) untuk C6H12O6 adalah 535 untuk tapai ubi kayu. Kadar C6H12O6 akan terus menurun dari hari pertama sampai hari keempat yang mencapai 175 pada tapai ubi kayu. Diperoleh nilai akhir kadar gas C2H5OH yaitu 582. Kadar gas CO2 406 untuk tapai ubi. Selanjutnya nilai suhu 31oC untuk tapai ubi dengan nilai kelembaban 95RH. Waktu panen tapai dapat dipersingkat yaitu dari 7 hari menjadi 4 hari. Penelitian ini diharapkan dapat memberikan informasi pemakaian yang dapat dipergunakan untuk tampilan komposisi tapai secara komersial atau untuk tujuan kesehatan. Abstract. Tapai is food produced from fermentation, one of which is made from cassava. Fermentation by yeast (Saccharomyces serevesiae) causes chemical changes in the substrate due to the activity of enzymes produced by microorganisms. The parameters reviewed are changes in levels of C6H12O6, C2H5OH gas, CO2 gas, temperature and humidity in the fermentation process through an electronic measurement system based on the Arduino Uno microcontroller. The sensor circuit contains an input module, namely FC-28 sensor, MQ-3 sensor, MG-811 sensor, DHT-11 sensor and ATMEGA238 microcontroller processing module with the Arduino Uno system and the output component uses a 2X16 LCD screen. The grade based on the ADC (Analog to Digital Converter) output for the C6H12O6 is 535 for cassava tapai. Levels of C6H12O6 will continue to decline from the first day to the fourth day reaching 175 in cassava tapai. Obtained the final value of C2H5OH gas content is 582. CO2 gas content of 406 for cassava tapai. Furthermore, the temperature value of 31oC for cassava tapai with a humidity value of 95RH. The harvest time for tapai can be shortened from 7 days to 4 days. This research is expected to provide usage information that can be used to display tapai composition commercially or for health purposes. Keywords: fermentation, tapai, cassava, FC-28, MQ-3, MG-811, DHT11, Microcontroller.

An Image Reconstruction System Applied to High Voltage Microscopy

1975 ◽  
Vol 33 ◽  
pp. 292-293
Author(s):  
D. E. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
High Voltage ◽  
Prior Information ◽  
Block Diagram ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Real Space ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Efficient Manner ◽  
Fourier Methods ◽  
Tilt Series ◽  
Methods Of Reconstruction

Increased specimen penetration; the principle advantage of high voltage microscopy, is accompanied by an increased need to utilize information on three dimensional specimen structure available in the form of two dimensional projections (i.e. micrographs). We are engaged in a program to develop methods which allow the maximum use of information contained in a through tilt series of micrographs to determine three dimensional speciman structure.In general, we are dealing with structures lacking in symmetry and with projections available from only a limited span of angles (±60°). For these reasons, we must make maximum use of any prior information available about the specimen. To do this in the most efficient manner, we have concentrated on iterative, real space methods rather than Fourier methods of reconstruction. The particular iterative algorithm we have developed is given in detail in ref. 3. A block diagram of the complete reconstruction system is shown in fig. 1.

On-line alignment and astigmatism correction using a TV and personal computer

1993 ◽  
Vol 51 ◽  
pp. 202-203
Author(s):  
F. Hosokawa ◽  
Y. Kondo ◽  
T. Honda ◽  
Y. Ishida ◽  
M. Kersker
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Personal Computer ◽  
Block Diagram ◽  
Incident Beam ◽  
Ccd Camera ◽  
Alignment Procedure ◽  
Astigmatism Correction ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Alignment System ◽  
On Line

High-resolution transmission electron microscopy must attain utmost accuracy in the alignment of incident beam direction and in astigmatism correction, and that, in the shortest possible time. As a method to eliminate this troublesome work, an automatic alignment system using the Slow-Scan CCD camera has been introduced recently. In this method, diffractograms of amorphous images are calculated and analyzed to detect misalignment and astigmatism automatically. In the present study, we also examined diffractogram analysis using a personal computer and digitized TV images, and found that TV images provided enough quality for the on-line alignment procedure of high-resolution work in TEM. Fig. 1 shows a block diagram of our system. The averaged image is digitized by a TV board and is transported to a computer memory, then a diffractogram is calculated using an FFT board, and the feedback parameters which are determined by diffractogram analysis are sent to the microscope(JEM- 2010) through the RS232C interface. The on-line correction system has the following three modes.

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