scholarly journals Deoxygenation of the eastern Indonesian waters and its variability

2021 ◽  
Vol 944 (1) ◽  
pp. 012043
Author(s):  
K Triana ◽  
K Dwiana ◽  
D S Supramono
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Concentration ◽  
Multiple Regression Model ◽  
Regional Patterns ◽  
Modifying Factors ◽  
Arafura Sea ◽  
Minimum Zone ◽  
Remote Sensing Techniques ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Ocean Deoxygenation

Abstract Long-term ocean deoxygenation could lead to decline biological productivity and alter biogeochemical cycles. Ocean warming contributions to ocean deoxygenation are reasonably understood, however, there is a challenge to reveal the gaps about other modifying factors to explain different regional patterns and predicts the condition in the coming century. This study aimed to identify the deoxygenation areas in the eastern Indonesian waters, understand the variability of physical and chemical parameters as the deoxygenation drivers, and investigate the correlation between parameters. In-situ and satellite-derived data from 1995 to 2020 were analyzed with statistical methods and remote sensing techniques to enhance deoxygenation measures in higher spatial and temporal resolutions. Our findings revealed that significant deoxygenation was detected around the Arafura Sea. The oxygen minimum zone extended at 133.5° – 136.8° E in the depth of 350 – 1,000 meters, with less than 20 mmol/m3 of dissolved oxygen concentration. Nitrate, phosphate, and temperature were identified to have a strong reversed relationship with the oxygen concentration in the study area. This study also developed multiple regression model algorithms to estimate the oxygen concentration in specified depths.

scholarly journals Treated wastewater irrigation effects on soil hydraulic conductivity and aggregate stability of loamy soils in Israel

2015 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karsten Schacht ◽  
Bernd Marschner
Keyword(s):  
Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Aggregate Stability ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Soil Aggregate Stability ◽  
Irrigation Effects ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
The Impact

Abstract The use of treated wastewater (TWW) for agricultural irrigation becomes increasingly important in water stressed regions like the Middle East for substituting fresh water (FW) resources. Due to elevated salt concentrations and organic compounds in TWW this practice has potential adverse effects on soil quality, such as the reduction of hydraulic conductivity (HC) and soil aggregate stability (SAS). To assess the impact of TWW irrigation in comparison to FW irrigation on HC, in-situ infiltration measurements using mini disk infiltrometer were deployed in four different long-term experimental orchard test sites in Israel. Topsoil samples (0-10 cm) were collected for analyzing SAS and determination of selected soil chemical and physical characteristics. The mean HC values decreased at all TWW sites by 42.9% up to 50.8% compared to FW sites. The SAS was 11.3% to 32.4% lower at all TWW sites. Soil electrical conductivity (EC) and exchangeable sodium percentage (ESP) were generally higher at TWW sites. These results indicate the use of TWW for irrigation is a viable, but potentially deleterious option, as it influences soil physical and chemical properties.

scholarly journals Variability of Cloudiness over Mountain Terrain in the Western United States

2017 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 1227-1245 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edwin Sumargo ◽  
Daniel R. Cayan
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
High Elevation ◽  
Empirical Orthogonal Functions ◽  
Western United States ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Variability ◽  
Regional Patterns ◽  
Cloud Albedo

Abstract This study investigates the spatial and temporal variability of cloudiness across mountain zones in the western United States. Daily average cloud albedo is derived from a 19-yr series (1996–2014) of half-hourly Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite (GOES) images. During springtime when incident radiation is active in driving snowmelt–runoff processes, the magnitude of daily cloud variations can exceed 50% of long-term averages. Even when aggregated over 3-month periods, cloud albedo varies by ±10% of long-term averages in many locations. Rotated empirical orthogonal functions (REOFs) of daily cloud albedo anomalies over high-elevation regions of the western conterminous United States identify distinct regional patterns, wherein the first five REOFs account for ~67% of the total variance. REOF1 is centered over Northern California and Oregon and is pronounced between November and March. REOF2 is centered over the interior northwest and is accentuated between March and July. Each of the REOF/rotated principal components (RPC) modes associates with anomalous large-scale atmospheric circulation patterns and one or more large-scale teleconnection indices (Arctic Oscillation, Niño-3.4, and Pacific–North American), which helps to explain why anomalous cloudiness patterns take on regional spatial scales and contain substantial variability over seasonal time scales.

Multiple regression analyses of midwinter fattening of the white-throated sparrow

1986 ◽  
Vol 64 (11) ◽  
pp. 2405-2411 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles R. Blem ◽  
Michael H. Shelor
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Multiple Regression ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Multiple Regression Model ◽  
Fine Tuning ◽  
Zonotrichia Albicollis ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
Average Temperature ◽  
Extreme High Temperature

Midwinter lipid depots of the white-throated sparrow (Zonotrichia albicollis) at Richmond, Virginia, are correlated with a suite of environmental and morphological variables. Lipid reserves allow this species to survive even the most extreme winter conditions for several hours. Variables having the greatest individual correlations with lipid reserve are average temperature of the 20 days prior to capture, fat class, body weight, and long-term (32-year) average temperature of the date of capture. A comprehensive multiple regression model based on analyses of all possible independent variables accounts for 87% of the variation in lipid reserves. The most important independent variables in this model are body weight, mean temperature of the 20 days preceding collection, fat class, extreme high temperature of the day of capture, long-term average temperature, relative humidity, chill factor, wet-bulb temperatures of the day before and the day of capture, wing length, and precipitation. The "best" equation using only measurements of environment as independent variables included time of collection in hours after sunrise and hours before sunset, Eastern Standard Time, temperature of the 20 days prior to capture, and mean wind velocity of the day before capture. Models computed solely from temperature measurements included dry-bulb temperatures of the day of capture and the day before capture, low extreme temperatures of the day of capture, wet-bulb temperatures of the day before capture, and the 20-day average dry-bulb temperature of the period prior to collection. Fattening in response to weather conditions appears to be a form of "fine-tuning" of energy reserves superimposed on a more stable, intrinsic cycle of winter fattening.

scholarly journals Dry functional blend with fruit-berry powders for yeast dough

2019 ◽  
Vol 81 (2) ◽  
pp. 177-183
Author(s):  
A. V. Moshkin ◽  
A. T. Vasyukova ◽  
A. E. Alexeyev
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Long Term Storage ◽  
Chemical Indicators ◽  
Toxicological Studies ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Milk Mixture ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Term Storage ◽  
High Calorie

The basic information about functional mixtures is outlined, options for compositions and recommendations for use in baking in mass production are proposed. The characteristic of microbiological, physical and chemical indicators is given, and the results of toxicological studies of dry functional mixtures with fruit and berry powders are given. High-calorie, medium-calorie, and low-calorie composite mixtures have been developed for the centralized production of yeast dough. Dry functional mixtures can be produced according to regulatory documents: TU 9161-004-51926638-11 and TI to TU 9161-004-51926638-11. A patent of the Russian Federation No. 2602629 was obtained for dry functional mixtures with fruit and berry powders. The technological scheme for obtaining a dry functional mixture consists of the following operations: sifting, dosing of prescription components in predetermined proportions: dry egg-milk mixture in the amount of 56.2-61.6% sugar – 20.0-24.3% and salt – 14.1-17.2%. Xanthan (1.06-2.43%) or guar (4.25-5.30%) and fruit and berry powders (1.0-1.5%) are introduced as additional raw materials. Then mixing is carried out, preparation for implementation. The resulting mixture is portioned and packaged in paper bags. Fruit and berry powders were prepared from rose hips, aronia, nettle, bananas, apples and carrots. According to microbiological studies, the degree of contamination during storage during the year corresponds to SanPiN 2.3.2.1078-01, which makes it possible to produce dry functional mixtures with fruit and berry powders for long-term storage. They can be stored in a dry, well-ventilated room in compliance with sanitary rules, with a relative humidity of 65-70% and a temperature of 18-20 °C from 0 to 12 months. It was found that during storage for 12 months. in hermetically sealed paper bags, no powder quality changes were observed. Bakery products made using these mixtures can be recommended for medical, preventive and gerontological nutrition.

scholarly journals Evolution of the Reaction and Alteration of Mudstone with Ordinary Portland Cement Leachates: Sequential Flow Experiments and Reactive-Transport Modelling

Minerals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 1026
Author(s):  
Keith Bateman ◽  
Shota Murayama ◽  
Yuji Hanamachi ◽  
James Wilson ◽  
Takamasa Seta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Transport ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Reactive Transport Modelling ◽  
Transport Modelling ◽  
General Sequence ◽  
Long Term Performance ◽  
Term Performance ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Flow Experiments

The construction of a repository for geological disposal of radioactive waste will include the use of cement-based materials. Following closure, groundwater will saturate the repository and the extensive use of cement will result in the development of a highly alkaline porewater, pH > 12.5; this fluid will migrate into and react with the host rock. The chemistry of the fluid will evolve over time, initially high [Na] and [K], evolving to a Ca-rich fluid, and finally returning to the groundwater composition. This evolving chemistry will affect the long-term performance of the repository, altering the physical and chemical properties, including radionuclide behaviour. Understanding these changes forms the basis for predicting the long-term evolution of the repository. This study focused on the determination of the nature and extent of the chemical reaction, as well as the formation and persistence of secondary mineral phases within a mudstone, comparing data from sequential flow experiments with the results of reactive transport modelling. The reaction of the mudstone with the cement leachates resulted in small changes in pH with the precipitation of calcium aluminium silicate hydrate (C-(A-)S-H) phases of varying compositions. As the system evolves, secondary C-(A-)S-H phases re-dissolve and are replaced by secondary carbonates. This general sequence was successfully simulated using reactive transport modelling.

scholarly journals Stratigraphy of the Anthropocene

2011 ◽  
Vol 369 (1938) ◽  
pp. 1036-1055 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Zalasiewicz ◽  
Mark Williams ◽  
Richard Fortey ◽  
Alan Smith ◽  
Tiffany L. Barry ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sediment Flux ◽  
Relative Timing ◽  
Sequence Stratigraphic ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Time Space ◽  
Marine Realm ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Long Term Preservation

The Anthropocene, an informal term used to signal the impact of collective human activity on biological, physical and chemical processes on the Earth system, is assessed using stratigraphic criteria. It is complex in time, space and process, and may be considered in terms of the scale, relative timing, duration and novelty of its various phenomena. The lithostratigraphic signal includes both direct components, such as urban constructions and man-made deposits, and indirect ones, such as sediment flux changes. Already widespread, these are producing a significant ‘event layer’, locally with considerable long-term preservation potential. Chemostratigraphic signals include new organic compounds, but are likely to be dominated by the effects of CO 2 release, particularly via acidification in the marine realm, and man-made radionuclides. The sequence stratigraphic signal is negligible to date, but may become geologically significant over centennial/millennial time scales. The rapidly growing biostratigraphic signal includes geologically novel aspects (the scale of globally transferred species) and geologically will have permanent effects.

scholarly journals Comparison of Geostatistical Interpolation and Remote Sensing Techniques for Estimating Long-Term Exposure to Ambient PM 2.5 Concentrations across the Continental United States

2012 ◽  
Vol 120 (12) ◽  
pp. 1727-1732 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seung-Jae Lee ◽  
Marc L. Serre ◽  
Aaron van Donkelaar ◽  
Randall V. Martin ◽  
Richard T. Burnett ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Pm 2.5 ◽  
Geostatistical Interpolation ◽  
Remote Sensing Techniques

ANALYSIS OF THE SITUATION OF CLOSED MINING PERIMETERS IN MARAMUREȘ COUNTY

2019 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 21-26
Author(s):  
Adina Bud ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Environmental Impact ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Future ◽  
Long Term Consequences ◽  
Physical And Chemical

The paper presents the context in which the closure of the mining in the Maramureş county took place by carrying out some inappropriate works that generated phenomena with a strong environmental impact through manifestations, physical and chemical in nature. The analysis performed so far shows that these events will amplify the environmental impact on the public health in the future, with long-term consequences.

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