scholarly journals Surface morphology properties of biochar feedstock for soil amendment

2022 ◽  
Vol 951 (1) ◽  
pp. 012034
Author(s):  
Z Zaitun ◽  
A Halim ◽  
Y Sa’dah ◽  
R Cahyadi
Keyword(s):  
Surface Morphology ◽  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Soil Amendment ◽  
Pyrolysis Temperature ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Biomass Feedstock ◽  
Mineral Contents ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Water Holding

Abstract A soil amendment is any material added to a soil to improve soil physical properties, support plant growth, improve soil fertility, organic matter, and water holding capacity, improve soil chemical and biological properties. Biochar is an organic amendment that improve soil fertility, mitigates climate change, and effectively keeps nutrients and available to plants. The chemical and physical properties of the biochar are important to know the suitable applications of biochar. The chemical and physical properties of the biochar are depending on the process and biomass feedstock. The research aimed to find out the kind of biomass feedstock for biochar as a soil amendment. The biochar feedstock was evaluated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and electron dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis and can predicting possible uses for the biochars. The result showed that the biochar surface morphology properties were influenced by the feedstock types and pyrolysis temperature. The pores development and mineral contents in coconut shell biochar are the most suitable for soil amendment.

Growth of Container-grown Plants With and Without Azomite Soil Amendment

HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 492c-492
Author(s):  
Chris Ely ◽  
Mark A. Hubbard
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Soil Amendment ◽  
Extended Period ◽  
Mineral Elements ◽  
Field Soil ◽  
Rooted Cuttings ◽  
Sodium Calcium ◽  
Water Holding

Azomite is a mined, commercially available, hydrated sodium calcium aluminosiliclate soil amendment reported to act as a source of mineral elements. To determine its effect on plant growth, Dendranthema `Connie' rooted cuttings, Malus seedlings, and Citrus seedlings were grown in containers in one of two growing media: ProMix BX or ProMix BX with Azomite (1:1, v:v). Plant height was monitored weekly and after 6 weeks of growth, fresh and dry plant weights of roots and shoots were determined. There was no difference in any of the parameters measured as a result of the addition of Azomite. Any nutritional influence of the Azomite may only be evident in different conditions, e.g., field soil, or over an extended period of time. The Azomite altered the medium's physical properties and therefore bulk density and water-holding capacity of the Azomite were determined for consideration.

scholarly journals Biochar as a soil amendment

2016 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
pp. 151-157 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Medyńska-Juraszek
Keyword(s):  
Soil Amendment ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Soil Environment ◽  
Oxygen Conditions ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Water Holding ◽  
Potential Tool ◽  
Limited Oxygen

Abstract Biochar is a carbonaceous product of biomass pyrolysis under limited oxygen conditions. Due to the very good sorption properties material is used as a soil amendment. In recent years, much attention has been paid to biochar as a potential tool improving soil properties and fertility. The most important benefits of its use in agriculture is a significant increase of sorption capacity, reduced nutrient leaching, as well as slow release of macro- and microelements essential for plant growth, liming effect, increased water holding capacity, improved biological properties, resulting in an increase in crop yields. The aim of the study is to summarize the knowledge about the impact of biochar on soil environment, as well as identify areas and directions for future research on biochar application in soils impacted by human activities

scholarly journals Bermudagrass Growth in Soil Supplemented with Inorganic Amendments

HortScience ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 613-617 ◽  
Author(s):  
Glenn R. Wehtje ◽  
Joey N. Shaw ◽  
Robert H. Walker ◽  
Walker Williams
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Soil Amendment ◽  
Diatomaceous Earth ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Soil Material ◽  
Calcined Clay ◽  
Inorganic Amendments ◽  
Water Holding ◽  
Optimum Water

Various inorganic soil amendments have been promoted as a means of improving the chemical and physical properties of certain soils. To test this hypothesis, a marginally productive soil was supplemented with 20%, 40%, 60%, and 80% (v/v) of either selected inorganic amendments or sand. Amendments consisted of commercially available diatomaceous earth, calcined clay, zeolite, and crystalline SiO2. The soil material was extracted from the argillic horizon of a Cecil sandy loam (fine, kaolinitic, thermic Typic Kanhapludults). Ability of these soil-amendment mixtures to promote `Tifway' bermudagrass [Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. × C. transvaalensis Burtt Davy] growth was evaluated under greenhouse conditions, and contrasted to that obtained in nonamended soil. Selected chemical and physical properties that are pertinent to plant growth were also evaluated. The experiment, which was conducted 3×, began with a §60-day period in which both water and nutrients were optimum. This was followed by a 30-day drought. During optimum water and nutrients, no soil-amendment treatment(s) consistently resulted in superior bermudagrass growth compared to soil alone. However, <2% of the bermudagrass tissue that was produced during the drought became green and succulent with the resumption of irrigation in nonamended soil. This percentage was exceeded by all treatments that contained either ≥60% diatomaceous earth (Axis), or ≥40% calcined clay (Profile); and by 100% zeolite (Clinolite) and 100% silica (Green's Choice). Drought-sustaining ability of soil-amendment mixtures was significantly (P < 0.05) correlated with water-holding ability, soil strength, bulk density, and oxygen diffusion rate, but not correlated with either pH or cation exchange capacity (CEC). While certain inorganic amendments did improve the drought-sustaining ability of soil, the amount required was generally ≥40%.

scholarly journals Characterization of Biochars From Tropical Biomass

Khazanah ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Warit Abi Nurazaq ◽  
◽  
Bambang Purwantana ◽  
Radi Radi ◽  
Andri Prima Nugroho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Rice Straw ◽  
Rice Husk ◽  
Soil Amendment ◽  
Water Holding Capacity ◽  
Agricultural Residue ◽  
Pyrolysis Method ◽  
Water Holding

Tropical country has a large biomass provide from agricultural residue. The biomass has potential to be processed as biochar. In general, biochar can be utilized as soil amendment in order to increase the ability of soil to retain nutrients, reduce surface runoff, due to excess water, and adding biodiversity of soils that are very useful for plant growth. The biochar characteristics are strongly related to the feedstock types and also their pyrolysis method. This research aims to study the physical characteristics of tropical biochar and their potential suitability in soil improvement. The biochar was produced by slow pyrolysis method using a vertical bed kiln. The feedstock were 9 types of agricultural residue including: mango leaf, longan leaf, teak leaf, mango branch, longan branch, rubber branch, corncob, rice straw, and rice husk. Temperature of the pyrolisis process was in the range of 400 °C to 600 °C. The results indicated that the physical properties of feedstock affects the characteristics of biochar. The higher bulk density and fixed carbon value the greater yield of biochar. Compare to their raw materials, the average water content of biochar was reduced (0.2–3.85 %), while pH increased (7.06–9.9). The electrical conductivity in general also increased (0.11–2.9 ds.m-1 ). Bulk density changed, corncob, and branches materials decreased, while rice straw, rice husk and leaves materials increased. The water holding capacity was a fairly low number (4–20 %). Application of the utilized biochar as a soil amendment is to improve soil chemical properties (pH, electrical conductivity, and availability of N-P contents) and physical properties (bulk density, porosity, and water holding capacity). Application for different soil types requires different biochar characteristics, it is influenced by the type of raw material used, temperature, and combustion time.

scholarly journals Physical Properties Analysis of Activated Carbon from Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch Fiber on Methylene Blue Adsorption

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-73
Author(s):  
Rakhmawati Farma
Keyword(s):  
Methylene Blue ◽  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Surface Morphology ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Chemical Activation ◽  
Empty Fruit Bunch ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Methylene Blue Adsorption ◽  
X Ray

The present research was conducted to analyze the physical properties of activated carbon from oil palm empty fruit bunch fiber (OPEFBF) to be applied as methylene blue adsorbent material. The OPEFBF was pre-carbonized at 280oC for 4 hours in vacuum, milled, and sieved to obtain the self-adhesive carbon grain (SACG) with a size less than 106 µm. The chemical activation was done using potassium hydroxide (KOH) with variations of 25%, 50%, and 75% from the SACG weight, stirred at 400 rpm for 24 hours at room temperature and pyrolyzed using microwave irradiations at the output power of 720 W for 15 minutes. The physical properties of activated carbon consist of two characterizations, namely microstructure evaluated with X-ray diffraction (XRD) and surface morphology evaluated with scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The XRD pattern showed that the activated carbon had a semi-crystalline structure characterized by the presence of (002) and (100) planes at the diffraction angle of 2θ about 21o and 43o, respectively. The surface morphology of activated carbon depicted that a higher percentage of KOH resulted in more pores were formed. Thus, the higher the surface area of activated carbon, the greater the adsorption of methylene blue. The highest methylene blue adsorption was obtained in the sample of 75% KOH with 87.73 mg/g. The energy dispersive X-ray showed that the increase of KOH percentage used enhanced the percentage of carbon element produced.

COUNTING TOTAL BACTERIA IN LAND ORGANIC WASTE HOUSEHOLD AND LAND INORGANIC WITH TOTAL PLATE COUNT METHOD (TPC)

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 87-91
Author(s):  
Ekamaida Ekamaida
Keyword(s):  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Bacterial Population ◽  
Organic Soil ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Plate Count ◽  
Bacterial Populations ◽  
Fertility Data ◽  
Plate Count Method ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Total Bacteria

The soil fertility aspect is characterized by the good biological properties of the soil. One important element of the soil biological properties is the bacterial population present in it. This research was conducted in the laboratory of Microbiology University of Malikussaleh in the May until June 2016. This study aims to determine the number of bacterial populations in soil organic and inorganic so that can be used as an indicator to know the level of soil fertility. Data analysis was done by T-Test that is by comparing the mean of observation parameter to each soil sample. The sampling method used is a composite method, which combines 9 of soil samples taken from 9 sample points on the same plot diagonally both on organic soil and inorganic soil. The results showed the highest bacterial population was found in total organic soil cfu 180500000 and total inorganic soil cfu 62.500.000

Microstructure and Physical Properties of Clay-Polymer Composites

2000 ◽  
Vol 628 ◽  
Author(s):  
T.N. Blanton ◽  
D. Majumdar ◽  
S.M. Melpolder
Keyword(s):  
Composite Materials ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Polymer Composites ◽  
Basal Plane ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Layered Clay

ABSTRACTClay-polymer nanoparticulate composite materials are evaluated by the X-ray diffraction technique. The basal plane spacing provided information about the degree of intercalation and exfoliation of the 2: 1 layered clay structure. Both intercalation and exfoliation are controlled by the identity of the polymer and the clay:polymer ratio.

A Calculation real abundance of gaseous elements of the comet PanSTARRS C/2011 S4

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (45) ◽  
pp. 21-31
Author(s):  
Salman Zaidan Khalaf ◽  
Khaleel Abrahim ◽  
Imad Kassar Akeab
Keyword(s):  
Solar Wind ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Atomic Number ◽  
Mathematic Model ◽  
Emission Energy ◽  
X Ray ◽  
The Real

    X-ray emission contains some of the gaseous properties is produced when the particles of the solar wind strike the atmosphere of comet ISON and PanSTARRS Comets. The data collected with NASA Chandra X-ray Observatory of the two comets, C/2012 S1 (also known as Comet ISON) and C/2011 S4 (Comet PanSTARRS) are used in this study.    The real abundance of the observed X-ray spectrum elements has been extracted by a new simple mathematic model. The study found some physical properties of these elements in the comet’s gas such as a relationship between the abundance with emitted energy. The elements that have emission energy (2500-6800) eV, have abundance (0.1-0.15) %, while the elements that have emission energy (850-2500) eV and (6800-9250) eV have abundance (0.2-0.3) %.    The relation between interacted energy and atomic number is form two sets.  The interacted energy of each element is increased as the atomic number increased. This case has been seen in both comets

scholarly journals Hydrophobic Modification of Graphene Oxide and Its Effect on the Corrosion Resistance of Silicone-Modified Epoxy Resin

Metals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 89
Author(s):  
Wei Yuan ◽  
Qian Hu ◽  
Jiao Zhang ◽  
Feng Huang ◽  
Jing Liu
Keyword(s):  
Contact Angle ◽  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Graphene Oxide ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Epoxy Resin ◽  
Electrochemical Impedance ◽  
Salt Spray ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Modified Graphene Oxide ◽  
Modified Epoxy

This study modified graphene oxide (GO) with hydrophilic octadecylamine (ODA) via covalent bonding to improve its dispersion in silicone-modified epoxy resin (SMER) coatings. The structural and physical properties of ODA-GO were characterized by field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), Raman spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and contact angle tests. The ODA-GO composite materials were added to SMER coatings by physical mixing. FE-SEM, water absorption, and contact angle tests were used to evaluate the physical properties of the ODA-GO/SMER coatings, while salt spray, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), and scanning Kelvin probe (SKP) methods were used to test the anticorrosive performance of ODA-GO/SMER composite coatings on Q235 steel substrates. It was found that ODA was successfully grafted onto the surfaces of GO. The resulting ODA-GO material exhibited good hydrophobicity and dispersion in SMER coatings. The anticorrosive properties of the ODA-GO/SMER coatings were significantly improved due to the increased interfacial adhesion between the nanosheets and SMER, lengthening of the corrosive solution diffusion path, and increased cathodic peeling resistance. The 1 wt.% ODA-GO/SMER coating provided the best corrosion resistance than SMER coatings with other amounts of ODA-GO (including no addition). After immersion in 3.5 wt.% NaCl solution for 28 days, the low-frequency end impedance value of the 1 wt.% ODA-GO/SMER coating remained high, at 6.2 × 108 Ω·cm2.

scholarly journals Geometrical model for calculating the effect of surface morphology on total x‐ray output of medical x‐ray tubes

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maximilian Siller ◽  
Mika Minkkinen ◽  
Pamela Bogust ◽  
Alexander Jelinek ◽  
Jürgen Schatte ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Morphology ◽  
Geometrical Model ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Effect Of Surface
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