scholarly journals Challenges and performance evaluation of livestock waste energy content

2022 ◽  
Vol 960 (1) ◽  
pp. 012017
Author(s):  
I A Halmaciu ◽  
I Ionel ◽  
I Vetres ◽  
R M Balogh ◽  
D Bisorca
Keyword(s):  
Energy Content ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Livestock Waste ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Fresh Food ◽  
And Performance

Abstract The global increase of the population has generated more and more requirement of the animal-based food. In order to provide this requirement, it was necessary to increase considerably the actual numbers of animals. This has led to both numerous positive and negative effects brought both to people and animals. Creating agro-touristic farms, ensuring fresh food, creating workplaces are just a part of the factors which have beneficial effects on the human beings. Yet, a major problem, which should not be ignored and neglected, is represented by the wastes resulted from animal breeding. These superficially treated wastes can cause numerous negative effects on the whole ecosystem. The animal dejections, the water resulted from the meat processing, the animal corpses, and all represent biodegradable wastes, which might be used, by transforming their energy content into electrical and thermal energy. This can be possible, for example, by using these wastes as raw material for producing biogas. To prove their efficiency in producing the biogases there have been done thermal analysis. In this article are analysed, from a thermal point of view, 3 different samples. In the first part of the experiment were analysed the swine dejections, in the second part were analysed the poultry dejections, and the third experiment consisted in the analysis of the cow stable waste. The analysis of these samples was done with the help of the Netzsch 449 C Jupiter device. The results obtained from the analysis prove the fact that all the three raw materials can be used as raw materials in producing the biogas.

scholarly journals Properties of Foamed Lightweight High-Performance Phosphogypsum-Based Ternary System Binder

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (18) ◽  
pp. 6222 ◽  
Author(s):  
Girts Bumanis ◽  
Jelizaveta Zorica ◽  
Diana Bajare
Keyword(s):  
Ternary System ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Mineralogical Composition ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Total Energy Consumption ◽  
And Performance

The potential of phosphogypsum (PG) as secondary raw material in construction industry is high if compared to other raw materials from the point of view of availability, total energy consumption, and CO2 emissions created during material processing. This work investigates a green hydraulic ternary system binder based on waste phosphogypsum (PG) for the development of sustainable high-performance construction materials. Moreover, a simple, reproducible, and low-cost manufacture is followed by reaching PG utilization up to 50 wt.% of the binder. Commercial gypsum plaster was used for comparison. High-performance binder was obtained and on a basis of it foamed lightweight material was developed. Low water-binder ratio mixture compositions were prepared. Binder paste, mortar, and foamed binder were used for sample preparation. Chemical, mineralogical composition and performance of the binder were evaluated. Results indicate that the used waste may be successfully employed to produce high-performance binder pastes and even mortars with a compression strength up to 90 MPa. With the use of foaming agent, lightweight (370–700 kg/m3) foam concrete was produced with a thermal conductivity from 0.086 to 0.153 W/mK. Water tightness (softening coefficient) of such foamed material was 0.5–0.64. Proposed approach represents a viable solution to reduce the environmental footprint associated with waste disposal.

Calculation of the Glaze Recipe for Porcelain Feldspar Products Based on their Molecular Formula Rationalization

2008 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
pp. 129-134
Author(s):  
Ion Teoreanu ◽  
Roxana Lucia Dumitrache ◽  
Stefania Stoleriu
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Computer Programs ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Easy Access ◽  
Molecular Formula ◽  
Design Equation ◽  
Material Sources

Any change of the raw material sources for glazes, economically, ecologically motivated, and also from the glaze quality point of view, is conditioned by the molecular formula rationalization and by the variation limits of the molecular formula, respectively. The proper glaze compositions are placed within their limit variation intervals with optimized processing and utilization properties. For this purpose, the rationalization criteria and procedures of molecular formulas are summarized in the present paper, as well as the results referring to their rationalization obtained in the authors� previous work. Thus, one starts from a base of raw materials that are selected, usable and also accessible for the design and producing of the glazes. On these bases the groundwork and the design equation for the glaze recipes are developed, exemplified for a single glaze. For an easy access to results, computer programs are used for an easy access to results.

scholarly journals LIMBAH TERNAK KELINCI SEBAGAI BAHAN BAKU PUPUK ORGANIK POTENSIAL

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 152
Author(s):  
Risvan Anwar ◽  
Djatmiko Djatmiko
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Animal Waste ◽  
Livestock Waste ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Many Sources

Many sources of raw materials which allegedly can enrich the nutrient content in the organic fertilizer. The weakness of organic fertilizer for this is the low level of nutrients contained in them.This study aims to determine the nutrient content contained in various combinations of organic fertilizer raw materials with rabbit animal waste as the main raw material.This study aims to determine the nutrient content in various combinations of organic fertilizer raw materials with rabbit animal waste as the main raw material. The experiment used a completely randomized design with raw materials as treatments, Livestock Waste Rabbit (LTK), Cow Manure (PKS) and Abu Straw Rice (AJP). Such treatment: B1 = LTK; B2 = LTK: PKS = 2: 1; B3 = LTK: AJP = 3: 1; B4 = LTK: PKS: AJP = 6: 2: 1; B5 = LTK: PKS: AJP = 5: 2: 1; B6 = LTK: PKS: AJP = 4: 2: 1; B7 = LTK: PKS: AJP = 3: 2: 1; B8 = LTK: PKS: AJP = 2: 2: 1; B9 = LTK: PKS: AJP = 1: 2: 1. The research concluded (a) Organic fertilizers are made from various materials raw has fulfilled SNI 19-7030-2004 about the specifications of Organic Waste Compost. (B) A combination of organic fertilizer raw materials significantly affect the nutrient content of manure. (C) Organic fertilizers expectations are: (a) Raw materials of animal wastes rabbit (LTK), (b) LTK: PKS: AJP = 6: 2: 1, (c) LTK: PKS: AJP = 2: 2: 1 and (d) LTK: PKS: AJP = 1: 2: 1.

Study of Phyto-ingredients of Wild Berry Juice

2021 ◽  
pp. 47-50
Author(s):  
Антонина Григорьевна Чернобровина ◽  
Наталья Николаевна Роева ◽  
Наталия Евгеньевна Куликова ◽  
Ольга Юрьевна Попова
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Natural Dyes ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Protective Properties ◽  
Enzyme Preparations ◽  
Other Substances ◽  
Ingredient Composition ◽  
Functional Components

В настоящее время к одним из наиболее приоритетных направлений пищевой промышленности относят разработку функциональных продуктов питания на основе экологически чистого сырья естественного происхождения, в том числе ягодного. При разработке новых продуктов с защитными свойствами важно учитывать ингредиентный состав сырья, оказывающий лечебно-профилактический эффект, и с этой точки зрения ягоды малины и брусники заслуживают особого внимания. С целью максимального извлечения и сохранения природных, физиологически-функциональных компонентов дикорастущих ягод (витаминов, микро- и макроэлементов, фенольных, пектиновых соединений и др.) были разработаны и созданы мультиэнзимные композиции для предобработки ягод брусники (МЭКб) и малины (МЭКм). Большой интерес вызывали исследования состава и содержания красящих веществ в исследуемых образцах. В качестве структурных элементов антоцианов в соке малины и брусники, а также в их ферментативных соках установлены дисахариды, основной структурный компонент которых - цианидин. Количественное содержание антоцианов в соке брусники и малины составило 305,4 и 106,2 мг/дм3, а в ферментативном соке брусники (БФС) и малины (МФС) - 553,7 и 146,4 мг/дм3, соответственно. Высокое содержание красящих веществ - важный критерий для использования БФС и МФС в качестве источника натуральных красителей. Установлена более высокая антиоксидантная активность в БФС и МФС (соответственно в 1,3 и 1,5 раза) по сравнению с соком, полученным без применения ферментных препаратов. Следовательно, ферментативный сок ягод обладает высокими антиоксидантными свойствами и служит источником натуральных красителей, поэтому его можно рассматривать как перспективный сырьевой полуфабрикат при производстве продуктов питания функциональной направленности, оказывающих благотворное регулирующее действие на организм человека. Currently, one of the priority areas of the food industry is the development of functional food products based on environmentally friendly raw materials of natural origin, including berry. When developing new products with protective properties, it is important to take into account the ingredient composition of the raw materials, which has a therapeutic and prophylactic effect, and from this point of view, raspberries and lingonberries deserve special attention. In order to maximize the preservation and extraction of natural, physiologically functional components of wild berries (vitamins, micro - and macroelements, phenolic compounds, pectin and other substances) were developed and created multienzymatic compositions for the pretreatment of lingonberry (MEKb) and raspberry (MEKm). Of great interest were studies on the characterization and content of dyes in the samples being studied. As structural elements of anthocyanins in raspberry and lingonberry juice, as well as in their enzymatic juices, disaccharides were established, the main structural component of which is cyanidine, and the quantitative content of anthocyanins (mg/dm3) in the juice of lingonberry and raspberry, corresponded - 305.40 and 106.20, and in the enzymatic juice of lingonberry and raspberry - 553.70 and 146.40. The high content of dyes is an important criterion for the use of BFS and MFS as a source of natural dyes. A higher antioxidant activity was found in BFS and MFS (1.3 and 1.5 times, respectively) compared with juice obtained without the use of enzyme preparations. Therefore, the enzymatic juice of berries has high antioxidant properties and is a source of natural dyes, so it can be considered as a promising raw material in the production of functional foods that have a beneficial regulatory effect on the human body.

Computer Vision-Based Non-Magnetic Object Detection on Moving Conveyors in Steel Industry through Differential Techniques and Performance Evaluation

2014 ◽  
pp. 247-261
Author(s):  
K. C. Manjunatha ◽  
H. S. Mohana ◽  
P. A. Vijaya
Keyword(s):  
Object Detection ◽  
Steel Industry ◽  
Material Handling ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Smart Control ◽  
Image Pixels ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Video Input

Intelligent process control technology in various manufacturing industries is important. Vision-based non-magnetic object detection on moving conveyor in the steel industry will play a vital role for intelligent processes and raw material handling. This chapter presents an approach for a vision-based system that performs the detection of non-magnetic objects on raw material moving conveyor in a secondary steel-making industry. At single camera level, a vision-based differential algorithm is applied to recognize an object. Image pixels-based differential techniques, optical flow, and motion-based segmentations are used for traffic parameters extraction; the proposed approach extends those futures into industrial applications. The authors implement a smart control system, since they can save the energy and control unnecessary breakdowns in a robust manner. The technique developed for non-magnetic object detection has a single static background. Establishing background and background subtraction from continuous video input frames forms the basis. Detection of non-magnetic materials, which are moving with raw materials, and taking immediate action at the same stage as the material handling system will avoid the breakdowns or power wastage. The authors achieve accuracy up to 95% with the computational time of not more than 1.5 seconds for complete system execution.

Computer Vision-Based Non-Magnetic Object Detection on Moving Conveyors in Steel Industry Through Differential Techniques and Performance Evaluation

2018 ◽  
pp. 1820-1837
Author(s):  
K. C. Manjunatha ◽  
H. S. Mohana ◽  
P. A. Vijaya
Keyword(s):  
Object Detection ◽  
Steel Industry ◽  
Material Handling ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Smart Control ◽  
Image Pixels ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Video Input

Intelligent process control technology in various manufacturing industries is important. Vision-based non-magnetic object detection on moving conveyor in the steel industry will play a vital role for intelligent processes and raw material handling. This chapter presents an approach for a vision-based system that performs the detection of non-magnetic objects on raw material moving conveyor in a secondary steel-making industry. At single camera level, a vision-based differential algorithm is applied to recognize an object. Image pixels-based differential techniques, optical flow, and motion-based segmentations are used for traffic parameters extraction; the proposed approach extends those futures into industrial applications. The authors implement a smart control system, since they can save the energy and control unnecessary breakdowns in a robust manner. The technique developed for non-magnetic object detection has a single static background. Establishing background and background subtraction from continuous video input frames forms the basis. Detection of non-magnetic materials, which are moving with raw materials, and taking immediate action at the same stage as the material handling system will avoid the breakdowns or power wastage. The authors achieve accuracy up to 95% with the computational time of not more than 1.5 seconds for complete system execution.

scholarly journals Carbonate complexes underlying Flysch belt and subsurface Neogene volcanic in the NE part of Slovakia – a potential for geothermal energy and raw materials

2012 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 283-294
Author(s):  
Ľudovít Kucharič ◽  
Vladimír Bezák ◽  
Dušan Majcin ◽  
Ján Vozár
Keyword(s):  
Gravity Anomaly ◽  
Magnetic Measurements ◽  
Slovak Republic ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Geothermal Potential ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
New Perspective ◽  
Carbonate Complexes

Abstract A positive gravity anomaly was observed in the Flysch belt realm. Based on this fact and available geological knowledge we suppose that the source of gravity anomaly might be carbonate rocks lying perhaps in the footwall of Flysch sediments. The carbonates belong perhaps to the Penninic crust cover (a part of Klippen belt), or to lower structural stage of the Flysch belt. Besides this it is interpreted more volume of Neogene subvolcanic bodies in the frame of the Flysch belt based on the results of the newest magnetic measurements in the NE part of Slovakia (Kucharič et. al., in press). These are accompanied by increasing heat flow and hydrothermal alteration within neighbouring rocks what may eventuate into creation of raw materials. These two factors - carbonates and subvolcanic bodies - are important items for appraisal of new perspective in this area not only from hydrocarbon occurrences point of view (a primary intend within this area) but also for enhancement of geothermal potential of Slovak Republic and opening possibilities for prognosis of raw material occurrences as well.

scholarly journals Investigations of quartz raw materials from the locality of Rekovac muncipality

2019 ◽  
Vol 73 (4) ◽  
pp. 265-274
Author(s):  
Slavica Mihajlovic ◽  
Zivko Sekulic ◽  
Jovica Stojanovic ◽  
Vladan Kasic ◽  
Iroslav Sokic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Quartz Sand ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Size Fraction ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Potential Applications

Quality of raw materials, including quartz sand and quartzite, varies from one deposit to another. Furthermore, the material quality determines in which industrial branches it can be used after certain preparation processes. Potential applications of quartz raw materials are: in the construction and refractory industry, ceramics and glass industry, then in metallurgy, foundry and also in production of water treatment filters. Geological investigations of the central Serbia region, in the Rekovac municipality, resulted in identification of occurrence of quartz sand ("Ursula") and quartzite ("Velika Krusevica"). Preliminary laboratory tests and characterization of the quartz sand size fraction -0.63+0.1 mm confirmed the possibility of applying this size fraction in the construction materials industry, while the quartzite can be used in refractory, glass and metallurgy industries. After determining the geological reserve of quartz sand "Ursula" and quartzite "Velika Krusevica", detailed investigations are required. Quality conditions from the aspect of chemical composition and physical properties of quartz sand and quartzite are mostly clearly defined by a special standard for this purpose. On the other hand, there are also application areas where standards does not exist, but users define their quality conditions. This example is with the application of quartz sand in the production of water glass. Chemical composition as well is not always the determining factor for the application of quartz raw material. For example, for quartz sand used for sandblasting, grain form is essential. From the economic analysis point of view, the prices of quartz raw materials vary depending on their chemical and physical properties. After all, what needs to be pointed out is the fact that these raw materials are very widespread in nature and that their exploitation is quite simple. After the raw material is excavated, it is stored and further sieved, washed, dried and processed according to customer requirements. All of these processes are cheaper than preparing, for example, limestone, and significaly cheaper than preparation of metal ores.

scholarly journals Expedient behaviour and predetermination at the Ciota Ciara cave (north-western Italy) during Middle Palaeolithic.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Daffara ◽  
Gabriele L.F. Berruti ◽  
Marta Arzarello
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Functional Study ◽  
Middle Palaeolithic ◽  
General Behaviour ◽  
Stratigraphic Sequence ◽  
Hunter Gatherers ◽  
Functional Studies ◽  
North Western

The Ciota Ciara cave is a Middle Palaeolithic site located in Piedmont (north-western Italy) and it is the only one systematically investigated in the region. It opens at 670 m a.s.l. on the west side of Monte Fenera and its archaeological deposit has a stratigraphic sequence documenting several and repeated human frequentations. Four archaeological layers have been identified (13, 14, 15 and 103) and are characterized by lithic assemblages where vein quartz is the main exploited raw material. The upper level (13), was already subject to technological and functional studies but the enlargement of the excavated area made necessary a completion of the technological data. The aim of this work is to deal with a complete technological and functional study of the lithic assemblage of the four archaeological layers of the Ciota Ciara cave to face the issues of predetermination and adaptation of the reduction sequences to the raw materials features. The technological analysis is based on the concept of chaîne opératoire and refers to the classical definitions of the S.S.D.A., discoid and Levallois methods for the identification of the different exploitation strategies. The concepts of curated and expedient technology are also applied to the present study. We finally refer to the huge debate concerning the concept of predetermination related to cores that show reduced or none phases of core configuration for the analysis and interpretation of the considered lithic assemblage.The results obtained show that the general behaviour can be interpreted as expedient, both from a technological and a functional point of view. The Middle Palaeolithic hunter-gatherers of the Ciota Ciara cave adapted their “technological background” to the resources available and put into action flexible adaptation strategies. Even in the shortness or absence of phases of core configuration, predetermination can be observed in the adaptation of Levallois and discoid concepts to the natural constraints of the pebbles chosen as cores. The natural convexities are exploited to obtain Levallois and discoid flakes after an intentional choice made by the knappers. In order to deeply investigate the characteristics of the technological behaviour of the hunter-gatherers that inhabited the site, the use-wear analysis is a fundamental additional source of information and it is here aimed to understand if there is or not a differential use of the lithic artefacts according to their typology and/or to the knapping method.

scholarly journals Circular investments as a key to solving the growth dilemma

2021 ◽  
Vol 188 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 58-68
Author(s):  
Ludmila Kormishkina ◽  
◽  
Evgenii Kormishkin ◽  
Vladimir Gorin ◽  
Dmitrii Koloskov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Multiple Linear Regression Model ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Household Waste ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Methodological Foundation ◽  
Material Resources ◽  
Real Gdp ◽  
Scientific Hypothesis

The rationale for this study is based on the extreme importance of finding a solution to a complex growth dilemma arising from the negative effects of human activity and the limited ability of the ecosystem to regenerate and provide resources required by mankind to ensure sustainable development and the long-term prosperity. The research is aimed at proving a scientific hypothesis that states: when the global raw-materials crisis becomes increasingly noticeable in various countries of the world, including Russia, circular investments may become a driver for long-term economic growth and the launch of far-reaching reforms of the economy in the 21st century. Circular investments in this paper are viewed as a special type of real eco-investment that combines advancements in technology and innovations to ensure renewal and industrial-scale reproduction of resources (raw materials and energy) from industrial and household waste, along with the mitigation and/or elimination of negative effects, on the environment. A multiple linear regression model has been developed to confirm a statistically-relevant connection between circular investments and real GDP. As a methodological foundation for the model, we used the classic Cobb-Douglas production function modified to take into account industrially reproduced raw material resources included in the production process. Further, we have defined major limits for circular investments in Russia today and highlighted the primary measures which are to be taken to launch circular investments in order to find a solution to the complex growth dilemma.

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